John Murray Mickey (1834-1924) immigrated with his parents from Illinois to Iowa in 1835. His Mickey ancestors were Scotsmen transplanted to northern Ireland and then to America in 1719 where they settled first in Delaware and then in Pennsylvania.
    The original diary was handwritten with pen and ink in a ledger-type, clothbound black volume, about 9' by 13" and ¾" thick, consisting of 150 pages, of which 79 were used. It seems he compiled the diary in his later years, probably beginning about 1905. However, it is reasonable to assume there was an earlier diary to which he referred for the years 1854-1859. This covers the time he left home in Iowa shortly before his twentieth birthday for the gold fields of the West until he returned via ship from San Francisco to New York, then by train to Iowa.
    The diary is in the possession of Mrs. Harold B. (Edith) Mickey of McMinnville, Oregon. In making the present copy I left out some lines that were solely concerned with John's religious views. Spelling, grammar, capitalization and punctuation are pretty much as he wrote; however, since he made no paragraph divisions and seldom used periods to end sentences--preferring dashes--I ended sentences with periods and divided the narrative into paragraphs. The items in brackets are my additions for clarification.
    John submitted many items for publication in his hometown newspapers and in religious newspapers as evidenced by the scrapbook of newspaper clippings he kept. Because I believe he would be gratified to see his work disseminated to a larger audience, I am making this copy to submit to the internet for the use of historians and genealogists.


    I was born on the 20th day of April  A.D. 1834. My parents were born in Pennsylvania. My Father's Father were Irish, my mother was Germanic and Irish. Father's mother was a niece of Bishop Robert R. Roberts. I am some kin to the Methodist Church.… [He expresses concern about the lack of spirituality in religious sects.]
    My parents moved to Iowa the day I was one year old, crossed the Mississippi River at Burlington. The town consisted of five Houses 4 round log and one hewed log House. A man by the name of Phelps owned the Hewed log House. My parents lived one year and a half in Des Moines Co. then moved to Louisa County at the head of the Virginia Grove one mile west of Morning Sun now. I drove ox team for Thomson Brown to break up the sod in what is now Browns Addition of Morning Sun--that was in 1840. I was a young ox driver but my Father was an ox driver before me. There were plenty of Indians camped in the Virginia Grove for three years after we went there. I have heard my Father and Mother tell about old Blackhawk Chief being at our House. They said he was a Portly Indian.
    Some of you may think it strange but I have seen wagon tires riveted on a wheel not knowing that iron would expand when hot and shrink when cold--I recollect one time a young man came over to my Father's after he had built a Hewed log House and covered it with Clapboards and nailed them on. The young man says to me how does them Boards stay up there without weight poles not knowing they were nailed on.
The Old Franklin School House
    My schooling consisted of going to school to annoy the Teacher, log school Houses with the Bark on, subscription schools, then go three miles to school, our books were few the Elementary Speller and the western Calculator: a arithmetic of hard Problems, anyone could teach that could use the Birch. The rudiments or first principles were overlooked. The first few times I would get over to Baker then the teacher would turn me back and I wore and tore the front part of my speller out and I finally got beyond Baker; grammar was not in it. Writing was done with a goose quill whittled down to a point by the Teacher; my mother had no geese and I had to take a Turkey quill. Our school furniture consisted of long benches made out of split logs and Hewn down with some smoothness and sticks inserted for legs. There would be eight and ten Boys on a Bench--we had greased paper for window lights--and a big Fireplace in one end of the House. Mary's little Lamb was not born then.  
    I was well acquainted with the woman that made the Brown jeans for Abe Lincoln. Mr. and Mrs Miller came to Iowa the same year my Parents and I came from Illinois--Nancy Miller was a relative of Abe Lincoln's mother. Their maiden names were Hanks. I well recollect the drive Mr. And Mrs. Miller had one day. They were driving two Horses in a wagon through some stumpy ground and the Horses got frightened at something and began to run and the old Lady thought she would help the old man hold the Horses and grabbed the lines and began to yank back and the lines broke and the old man went out backward on his head. As he got up on his knees he looked up and saw his wife still in the wagon and the Horses going at full speed. He says throw yourself out Nancy. Throw yourself out Nancy yonder comes a stump.
    There are many laughable incidents that happened in the early days--my head is full of them but I forbear. In early days milling was quite an object. My Father had a hand mill for grinding corn and Buckwheat. My uncle H. Mickey came to my Father's one day very hungry  He says to my Mother I am very hungry. She says Harrison there is no meal in the House. Harrison went to the Buckwheat bin and got some Buckwheat and ground it and my Mother made him some Buckwheat Pancakes with honey and Butter and to see him relish the Pancakes I wanted some.
    I used to drive oxen with a long whiplash on a long stalk sometimes four and five yoke to a big Plow Breaking up the Prairie sod--and all the dress I wore was a Buckskin shirt--and in finishing up a land we ran on to many big snakes some of them Rattlesnakes and I barefoot--and at last I got bit on the heel by a rattler. I just thought I would die before Breakfast--for a little Boy had just been bitten and died. I got along all Right, for a man by the name of Elie Marshal cut into my heel and sucked the Poison out.
    When a Boy I often wanted to go west. I cried to go to Oregon in forty-seven. One of my neighbors went to Oregon that year by the name of Hackleman and settled near now Albany. The Indians used to come to my Fathers House and tell of the big game out west--and I used to play with the Indian boys as Boys and we used to throw the Tomahawk at stumps and trees and wrestle and  jumped and sometimes fight. How often I have seen Indians on their Trails all going in a Tandem form--those old Trails could be seen long after the whites had crowded the Indians back from the Prairie. One of those Trails ran through my Father's farm it ran from Peoria Illinois to Council Bluffs, Iowa. Council Bluffs used to be a great resort for the Indians. When we went to Iowa there were no Roads and if we wanted to go anyplace across those Prairies we would steer for some timber or run by the compass. It was woe unto the man that got lost on those Prairies, especially in the winter time or in the fall of the year when the grass is dry and the fires got started. Few generations from now will know nothing of the early settlement of those Prairies. The first settlers squatted near or in the timber and had rail fences around their farms and sometimes the Prairie grass would get on fire and the wind would raise and here would come the fire and clean out fences and all. The fire would run as fast as a Horse could run if the wind was blowing a good gale.
    In 1849 my Father died and I being the oldest of eight Boys (my sister being older than I) left me with all the care of the Farm and to see after the younger. My father died with the Typhoid fever and after he died seven of us took sick with the same disease and our Dr. Bill ran up and our neighbors came near eating us out of grub and Home. No one knows the hardships we went through. We had a few sheep and Mother would spin wool and make clothes for us in the winter--and oh how I wanted to go to California but I could not leave my Mother and little Brothers. In the year fifty-two Mother married again. Then I counted myself free but I had no money and still I wanted to go west. My Mother's Brothers said if I would wait one more year they would go with me. The next year came and I got no one to go west with me. So I went to my old trade Breaking Prairie sod. I had one yoke of cattle and my neighbors let me have young steers to Break to the yoke. So the next spring I sold my steers and expected to run away and go to California. It was the gold mines I was after. I had been fooled so often. So one Sunday while Mother and the Boys were at Church I packed up my things. I had a chum he came to Church and found me not there he came on over to our House and wanted to know what was up. I said nothing he said he knew there was something up and if I was going to run away he wanted to go along with me. I told him I was going to California. He wanted me to wait two weeks for him. We were together almost every day and his Brother older began to suspect that there was something up with us. He came down to see me and says John if there is anything up with you and Henry and if you are going to California I want to go along. I says all right then. He says we must not run off but come out and let our folks know that we are going. He said he wanted two weeks to get ready. So it was all fixed up and we were to have the consent of our parents. The boys' Parents never gave their consent for them to go but worked all sorts of schemes to stop them from going with me. But on the 27th of March 1854 we left the Virginia Grove, Louisa County, Iowa for California.
    We started out from home with big hearts for the gold fields. We expected to cross the state of Iowa afoot with thirty-five Pounds on our backs. It was a cold cloudy day. We had made engagements to meet a man by the name Jacob Rhinerson [Rinearson?] at Kanesville or Council Bluffs and drive a drove of cattle across the plains for Him. He was going around by the way of St. Louis from Burlington, Iowa and bring us up some gum clothes--for the plains.
    The first day we went through Crawfordsville on to Washington. That night we slept in an odd fellows Hall. We boys were so green and bashful that we had to draw cuts and see who should ask to stay overnight with the people.
    March 28--Went on to Sigourney that evening it snowed about one foot deep. We found the Town a very rough place. That night we Boys slept with our Revolvers under our heads for safety.
    March 29--Crossed the Skunk River on to our old friend Hartman's at Rose Hill. The Hartman Boys and I used to be school mates in Louisa County. It was very wet and muddy all day. We stopped at the middle of the day and stayed with the Boys.
    [March] 30--Next morning started for Oskaloosa. One of the Hartman Boys went with us to Oskaloosa. Oskaloosa is a beautiful town in a fertile country. Crossed the Des Moines River at Bellefountain fifteen miles below the forks--thence on to Edward Stone's. Henry Owens fell in love with a pretty young girl.
    [March] 31--Next day went on through Knoxville. The afternoon we crossed a 16 mile prairie, rode in a wagon part of the way. Stayed all night at E. Cone's.
    April 1st--Went through Indianola on to Abraham Black's.
    [April] 2--Lay over today it being Sunday. Mr. Blacks were Kentuckian--here we got rid of some Kentucky paper money.
    [April] 3--Went through Winterset. Saw two Buffalo, this country is hard to beat for its good qualities. We eat dinner at a tavern. The landlady was one of those primpers her Biscuit was as big as small walnuts. Thence on to Adair County. This was Election day. Nine voting men in the County.
    [April] 4--The timber is very scarce in those Counties. Traveled all day without seeing any timber at all till just at night we came to a small grove of timber called Sargent's Grove. Here we had some fun. The old man was a little good-natured old soul. The old woman was some for scold--she had sore eyes that made it worse. Her oldest son had just got married the day before and brought home his wife and the young wife undertook to get Breakfast but before she could get at the meal in the meal Barrel she run seven cats out of the Barrel. If she had sifted the meal it would have went down much better. Our appetite had left us.
    [April] 5--Crossed another Prairie of 17 miles and came to a small grove of timber. Here we took dinner after the cat meal Breakfast. Crossed another big Prairie and came to Nishnabotna River and stayed the night.
    [April] 6--On through Indian town. Rode in a wagon the forepart of the day. Took dinner at Owens grove, crossed the Nishnabotna River at some Mills. Thence on to a Peddlers Ranch, stayed all night.
    [April] 7--Got to Kanesville or Council Bluffs. This is a rough place. The town stands under a Bluff. It is two miles from the Missouri River. Everything was very high here in the way of grub--50 cents per meal. While we were waiting for Rhinerson we cut cordwood on the River Bottom land at a dollar and a half a day. We were scarce of money. While we were cutting wood Henry Owings [John sometimes wrote Owens and sometimes Owings] borrowed ten dollars of me to go up Town to Buy an ax. He said he lost the money and came back without the ax.  
    We waited for Rhinerson to come till the twenty-seventh of April. He was to have been here on the fifteenth of April. We made arrangements to cross the Plains with an old man and his family by the name of Charles Miller. He had two sons and three daughters and one son in law. He had two young men and one man and wife. He had three wagons and eight yoke of oxen, two cows under yoke. We had to Pay forty dollars apiece and drive Team one half of the time and he found everything. We felt sorrow for Jacob Rhinerson but he did not come to time. Afterwards some of the Boys saw him in Oregon.
    April 28--We started from Council Bluffs for California the very same day Rhinerson came to the Bluffs but it was all too late. He said he had had two horses stolen out of his herd and that delayed him. We went down the river twelve miles to cross the Missouri River. We were all in a big glee.
    April 29--We crossed the River. Just about twelve o'clock the last wagon went over on the west side. Ready to roll out on the Plains. Some of the Boys were very full of old rye. We traveled 15 miles that afternoon and Past an Indian graveyard. We find no Ranches or houses west of the Missouri River. Some Omaha Indians camped under the Bluff opposite Council Bluffs. Plenty of nice country but no one to occupy it.
    April 30--Crossed the Elk Horn River. This is a small River that Puts into the Platte River on the north side, much grass here.
    May 1st--Camped on the north bank of the Platte River. The Pawnee Indians were very saucy. Our Horses ran back to the Elk Horn River. We had some suspicion of the Indians stampeding them. We formed ourselves into a company and Elected a Captain and a Lieutenant Capt. Mr. Nash was our Captain. We had forty-two able-bodied men besides that many women and Children. When we go into camp we formed our wagons into a sort of Hollow square. Put a man on guard and sometimes two men--one to guard the stock that may be off at a distance.
    May 2--Crossed Mud Creek on an old Emigrant Bridge. The Indians made us pay toll. We gave them some bread but they wanted more and some money. I was driver that day and the Captain ordered me to take the lead in crossing the Bridge with my team. Some 6 Indians stood on the Bridge to resist. I had a Revolver in one hand and the whip in the other besides others had shooting irons--and the Indians Backed down but the next Emigrant train came along the Indians made them give a cow. This Mud Creek was a long deep miry stream. I was told that the Mormons Built the Bridge. The timber in the Bridge must have been hauled a hundred miles. This is on the Plains and no timber in sight.
    May 3, 4, 5, 6--Lay by part of the day, camped on the Plains no timber. Came Loop Fork--the Ferry was very Poor so we went up Loop Fork some three days travel. The land up along here is grand, level and nice. We passed an old mission that had rotted down, it lay on the south side of a beautiful Hill.
    May 7--Crossed the Loop Fork, the ford was deep we had to Prop our wagon Boxes or wagon Beds up on the top of the standards. The River Bottom was full of quicksand and we had to go with a rush as we would sink in the quicksand.
    May 8--Crossed over some very sandy Hills. It was a very windy day. The sand Blew in our Eyes and cut like everything. Camped on Prairie creek here. Here was our first introduction to Buffalo chips. The women and girls did not like them at first but before two weeks passed over you could have seen them out just before a rain finding Buffalo chips.
    May 9--Traveled six miles before Breakfast to get wood to cook with. It was very cold wet morning. After Breakfast went ahead and camped on mud creek. This is another mud creek.
    May 10--No wood, nothing but Prairie and it was the Plains indeed and truth. Here we could see emigrant wagons as far as the Eye could see west or East.
    May 11--Camped on the Platte. Rained hard half of the night and no wood and the Buffalo chips wet.
    May 12--Traveled half the day, rain the other half and we laid over.
    May 13--Pulled up on higher ground and lay over all day and it just rained till it was a foot deep on the Bottom land on the Platte.
    May 14--Going up Platte and it raining and hailing then more rain and it Blew--it Blowed it was windy.
    May 15--Camped on Platte in a low spot or piece of ground it rained all night thundered and lightning it Blew all the tents over and upset some wagons.
    May 16--We were like drowned rats and no wood to make a fire we traveled till noon without our Breakfast. Plenty of Coyotes but few deer. Some antelope no Buffalo as yet.
    May 17--Camped on North Bluff creek. This is the last trace of wild turkeys. It was strange how the wild turkeys got up the Platte so far.
    [May] 18--Going up the Platte the country is all  only more so.
    [May] 19--Struck camp creek and camped. More Coyotes and wolf and dead Buffalo.
    May 20--Camped on castle creek in places the sand hills are larger.
    [May] 21--It just rains and it rains as we go up the Platte River.
    [May] 22--Past Bluff ruins camped opposite Court House Rock. Court House Rock is on the south side of the Platte River.
    [May] 23--Camped opposite Chimney Rock my but she is a beauty standing out on the Bluffs hundreds of feet high. Some Fertile land here if the farmer had water on it.
    [May] 24--Passed a great many graves--the Cholera in 1852 was very bad along here. Quite a number of the Morgans from Louisa County slept here. Camped on spring creek.
    [May] 25--and still going up Platte.
    [May] 26--Camped 4 miles below Fort Laramie.
    [May] 27--Lay by, cattle took a stampede. There were quite a number of Indians Buried up in some big cottonwood trees. They were wrapped up in blankets and laid away to dry--for the Resurrection morn.
    May 28--Came up opposite Fort Laramie, two of our men had a fight. One had a Hatchet the other had a club. Fort Laramie is two miles from the Emigrant Road up the Laramie River. Camped in the Black hills. Here is the first Pine timber we came to.
    [May] 29--The mountains very rough and much cobblestone hard on cattle's feet, camped in the Hills.
    [May] 30--Camped on the west side of the Black Hills.
    [May] 31--Camped near an old volcano quite a scenery to us Boys. We were back from the River in the hills.
    June 1st--Camped between sandy hills and the Platte River--a mysterious Country this.
    June 2--Camped near a Cheyenne village two miles east of the village and one mile west of the village another train camped called the milk train. They had some twenty-five or thirty cows and there were seven girls in the train. In the evening Henry Owings a Dutchman and I went up past the Indian village to the milk train to see the Girls. We stayed there till bed time and started back to our camp and as we were going past the Indian village the Indians got after us. They intended to run us in to their village but we broke ranks and ran out into the sand hills. We were wearing moccasins and we got in to the Cactus and the Cactus got in our feet but we got away from the Indians. But we did not get to camp till next morning.
    June 3--Our last night on the Platte River--after coming over some sandy hills and bad Roads.
    [June] 4--Past the willow springs. Here is another graveyard of the unfortunate emigrants Cholera in 1852.
    [June] 5--Here we came to Sweetwater--past Independence Rock--a Rock that lays out in the valley covering some five acres with quite a reservoir on top of it. This is the real Rocky Mountains.
    June 6--Past the Devils Gate. This is a deep cut through the spur of the mountain. It is four hundred feet deep. Sweetwater runs through this cut.
    [June] 7--Camped on Sweetwater, the Boys went fishing.
    [June] 8--At times we are crowded back from the River by sand hills and rough canyons. So we camped on a sand Bank.
    [June] 9--Going up Sweetwater--the mountains very high and no grass. The land is sandy and gravelly.
    [June] 10--Camped on the head of Sweetwater. Some of our cattle got alkalied. I was chief Doctor. I put down several sides of fat Bacon to counteract the Poison.
    June 11--Past over the divide Between the waters of the two great Oceans. Along the Divide are a great many Red Rubies. The old Rockies are full of relics.
    [June] 12--Camped on little sandy--grass poor.
    [June] 13--Camped on Big Sandy grass no better. This is a Barren Country sandy and sage Brush.
    [June] 14--Camped on Green River after crossing it on a Mormon Ferry. We swam the cattle across, the current was very swift.
    [June] 15--Camped on Hams Fork--Road very uneven sage Brush.
    [June] 16--Camped on Black Fork.
    [June] 17--Camped near Fort Bridger. Here we got some grizzly Bear meat. Country no good.
    [June] 18--Camped in the Utah mountains.
    [June] 19--Camped near a stone coal Bank.
    [June] 20--Camped on Echo Creek.
    [June] 21--Going through Echo Canyon this is a narrow pass through the mountains--and the mountains are very high on either side.
    June 22--Crossed weber River. This is a rapped running stream.
    [June] 23--Traveled up a Creek twelve miles. We crossed it fifty-three times--and the further up the deeper it got. We left the Creek and crossed over a high mountain that had snow on it. We went down the mountain four miles and camped. Part of the mountain was that steep we had to lock all the wheels then hold down the hind end of the wagon.
    [June] 24--After traveling all day down the mountain we came to the edge of the great Salt Lake valley and camped.
    [June] 25--We went in to the City of Brigham Young. This is a Beautiful City. It is a Beautiful location for a City. There is water as clear as Crystal running on all sides of the streets. The mountains are very high north and East of the City. There is snow in sight the year round. The City is some distance from the Lake. Beautiful landscape--the soil very Prolific wheat and all kind of garden stuff and some corn.
    June 26--We camped in the edge of Town close by some hot springs. The water was quite hot and it ran quite a stream of water. The Boys went to Church. The wall round the City is not worth much. Part of it is of Rock--the other part is of Adobe. The City is all Adobe Houses except the temple and it is being made of granite. The walls were up ten feet for the temple.
    [June] 27--We left the City. Traveled twenty-three miles up the valley--Passed near the Lake. We met a great many people going into the City to a big meeting two women to one man and Children by the score. I did or we did not see old Brigham Young he was out of Town down in Jordan.
    [June] 28--Passed a number of small Towns walled in to keep the Indians out in hostile times. Crossed the weber River again this time near its mouth. There was a Ferry.
    [June] 29--Passed two small Towns which had stone walls around them. Crossed Ogden River.
    [June] 30--Camped 14 miles from Bear River--out in a nice valley.
    July 1st  Lay over and Killed a fat cow we got of the Mormons--eat Beef, Potatoes and other good things. This is the upper end of the valley. We are 80 miles from the City of Salt Lake.
    [July] 2--Crossed Bear River. This is the third River we have crossed since we left the City--all of which Puts into the great Salt Lake. There is two more that puts in on the south.
    [July] 3--Traveled all day long. Had but little water. Camped on some salt springs--the water quite Brackish--some sage Brush.
    4th of July--We all shot off our guns in the morning gave a few cheers and went ahead. We traveled 28 miles that day without water the road dry and dusty. This is one of the Fourths I can never forget. Some of the Boys nearly Famished for water.
    July 5th--Camped on sink Creek. This part of the Country has no streams. There is springs start up in the mountains and sink in the sands.
    [July] 6--Camped at a spring 20 miles from sink Creek. This Country is a kind of a desert.
    [July] 7--Camped on Blamsood [sic] Creek.
    [July] 8--Camped on the side of Grouse Creek mountains. Here we had a time about the cattle where we should heard them. Some wanted them taken down the mountain to graze.
    [July] 9--In the morning we went down a very steep mountain. Some emigrants had to let their wagons down with Ropes.
    [July] 10--Traveled 20 miles and past one spring and camped on bad water--too Bad.
    [July] 11--Camped in Thousand Spring valley. This valley has a thousand or more springs in it. They are deep round holes from four feet to ten feet across and ten feet deep and full of fish.
    [July] 12--Camped on the headwaters of the Humboldt River. Had a row in camp about greasing wagons.
    [July13--Camped on the Humboldt River.
    [July] 14--Crossed the Humboldt River and went down on the south side some two hundred miles. This River has a great quantity of alkali in it which makes the water very unhealthy for man and Beast. The grass is good all the way down. Every day's travel was just [?] to me on this River. Our train split up back at Green River some went by the way of old Fort Hall ten wagons of us went by Salt Lake. We  stood guard every night so far and had no trouble with the Indians. I got alkalied on the Humboldt and had bowel complaint--one week. We had no sickness on the Pl.
    July 26--We crossed back over on the north side of the River. We crossed the River in a wagon Box or Bed. Here we left the River 70 miles from the sink.
    July 27--I will give you the following description of the Country and roads from Humboldt River to the Sacramento valley by Honey Lake valley and Nobles Pass. From the Humboldt to Cold Springs 14 miles--course west roads level water sufficient for one hundred head of Cattle or stock at a time good Bunchgrass on the hillsides and heads of canyons.
    July 28--Thence to Rabbit hole springs 18 miles course north and west--road ascending about two miles through a low gap of mountain range--then descending slightly eight miles the rest nearly level to Rabbit hole--Bunchgrass south east and south west for three miles. Here we had very poor water. The cattle lay dead all round.
    July 29--Thence to Granite creek 32 miles. Course West Road for the first six miles has a few gulches the remainder is then an entire desert and as smooth as a planed floor--and nearly as hard and not a vestige of vegetation on it for twenty-six miles. Granite creek comes out of a notch in the mountains on the right hand pretty well at the end. Leave the desert by turning into this gap, half a mile to camp.
    [July] 30--Bunchgrass on the foothills. Lie over one day. Thence to hot spring point 3 miles course south of southwest--road level distance three miles. Grass good all along on the [omission] Boiling springs scattered all through which makes it dangerous to let stock range out.
    [July] 31--Thence to Deep springs 7 miles course northwest, Road level--grass and water in abundance of the very Best quality. 4 head of cattle died from the effect of alkali heretofore. Thence on to Buffalo springs 10 [or 16] miles course northwest and west--Road level. Directly after leaving the springs you enter a desert after passing over an arm of it of eight miles. Then eight miles through sage you come to the Bed of a large dry creek its Banks covered with dry grass for some distance. One-half mile from this and about two hundred paces on the right hand are the springs.
    August 1st--Thence to Smoke creek meadows 13 miles course west six miles level ground. Then four miles over lava hills to the creek. Thence up the creek along the canyon three miles to camp.  
    August 2--Here is an extensive valley from three hundred yards to three miles wide, its length is not ascertained. This valley Produces Clover Bunchgrass of most luxuriant growth. Thence to Mud springs 9 miles course west. You travel up Smoke Creek meadows 2 miles then over the point of a low ridge into Rush valley. This valley is two miles long by half a mile wide. Excellent grass and water. The Road here is on Table land fifty to seventy feet above the level of the Plains or Desert and is Perfectly level.
    [August] 3-5--Thence to Susan River 9 miles course west six miles. Emigrants should start early from Mud Springs as the Road is covered with Cobblestone which makes it slow and tedious. It is nearly level till you descend slightly to the valley of the stream known as Honey Lake valley. This is a delightful valley. Its soil is of the most Productive kind and is from five to seven miles wide and about twenty-five in length and covered with clover--Blue joint--Red top--Bunchgrass in great abundance. The stream abounds in mountain trout which are easily taken with hook and line.
    [August] 6--Here we lie over one day.
    [August] 7-8--Thence to the head of the valley 14 miles--course west. We cross willow creek two miles after leaving camp on Susan River. This stream rises in the west runs east out of the Sierra Nevada mountains into the valley and about twenty-five miles down it to Honey Lake.
    August 9-11--Thence to summit 18 miles. Immediately after leaving the valley we enter open but heavy pine and cedar woods--not unwelcome to the sun-scorched emigrants--and here we commence ascending the Sierra Nevada gradually. The Road somewhat stony in places. The ascent is so gradual it seems as much down grade as up. In fact a great part is level and enough of timber on one mile on each side of the Road from the valley to the summit to Build a double Railway track to the Missouri River. Course west--grass and water. Thence to Pine Creek course north west to avoid a cluster of Buttes--road level grass and water good. Thence to Black Butte Creek 12 miles course northwest four miles then turning west to southwest--grass and water--Road level. Here we heard the California Lion Roar as if they were about to take us in. The Country here and for twenty miles back must be considered the summit as it is impossible to ascertain the precise place owing to the flatness of the country. The small streams that arise on the Buttes and run down their sides and sink or form small lakes and marshes--there not being slope sufficient to run off the water. Thence to Black Butte 6 miles course southwest road heavy sand. This Butte has been a live volcano one day. It is about one mile high and as round as a tea cup upside down. It has a hole in top some four hundred feet deep. This Butte is all composed of loose sand and Burnt cinders. Henry Owens and I went to the top of this Butte on our all fours--and in coming down we just slid [illegible]. Thence to Pine meadows 4 miles west--Road level and good. Thence to Hat Creek 4 miles northwest. Road gradually sloping only about one hundred feet where a wagon wheel need be locked. Bears very plenty here.
    August 12--We find all sorts of Berries in those mountains Straw Berries--Rasp Berries--thimble Berries--Salal Berries--goose Berries--whortle Berries--Grapes--salmon Berries and munsanuter [?] Berries. Thence to Lost Creek 2 miles course west. Thence to Deer Flat 14 miles course west. The two first miles slightly up hill. After a distance of forty miles embracing the entire western slope of the Sierra Nevada it is almost a perfect grade to the Sacramento River. Deer Flats is quite a little valley. Here were two Ranches or farms. Emigrants stopped here to Recruit their stock. Here the old man Miller came to a halt for two weeks. We lie over eight days. In the meantime Mr. Miller and Bradford Owens went to Shasta City and Back 52 miles distance. Henry Owens was sick. I put the time in hunting Deer. I killed a very large Buck the meat was worth 14 cts. a pound dressed, he weighed two hundred pounds dressed, a Blacktail Deer. I sold the half for ten dollars and Barbecued the other half--some call it jerk. Deer Flats here we left Mr. Miller and family it was a trying time to leave the old man he was so good to us all the way across the Plains. It was more so to leave the girls, especially the oldest one--the one I took all over the Devils Gate. We carved our names on the highest Rocks at the Devils Mountain--also on Independence Rock--we left our names one over the other--and now we must part for good A Dieu poor Kate.
    August 20--Brad and Henry Owens and I took a notion to go over to Humboldt Bay--distance three hundred miles from Deer Flat. We got in with some emigrants that was going over with loose stock. Brad and Henry Owens made arrangements to drive stock for the old man Wilson for their Board. I went over on the same terms with one Mr. Dobyns. I left one day before Brad and Owens. In the first place Mr. Dobyns put me to driving Cattle. Mr. Dobyns' nephew led an ox with a Pack on (his the ox) had three hundred and fifty pounds on his Back. The nephew could not lead the ox to suit the old man so I had to lead him three hundred miles over mountains of the worst sort. On the 20 day of August I bid the Miller family a Dieu--thence from Deer Flats to McCumbers Mills 8 miles. Here I saw a water wheel sixty feet in diameter overshot. Thence to Shingle Town 3 miles--Charles Ranch 4 miles--Page & Smiths 6 miles, Dr. Blacks on Bear Creek 7 miles, Fort Reading on Cow Creek 4 miles, Sacramento River 3 miles. Then went down the river to Cottonwood Creek 20 miles. The valley here is very poorly settled on the account of much sickness. It is very sickly in the fall of the year--Ague or chills and fever. The land is very level in the valley. It is covered with large oak trees--but very scattered. It has many small stones that makes it bad to Farm. The Roads good in the fall of the year but very sticky in the rainy season. Crossed over thence up Cottonwood Creek 8 miles. Some very good farms on the this Creek. This Creek Runs East. We went up Cottonwood 20 miles to what is called the Arbuckle mines. Here is the first mining I saw. Those diggings is what is called surface diggins. There was over five acres of Earth sluiced off clean to the ledge Rock in one place. It was a great curiosity to me to see the ditches on the sides of the mountains, they took the water out of Cottonwood Creek to those mines five miles distance. It looked to as though the water run uphill in those ditches. I longed to try my hand at mining.
    Thence on to Hay Fork of the Trinity River. We went over very high mountain going over to hay fork..This is a great place for making hay and packing it on mules to the Sacramento River, distance 35 miles over mountains. There is some mining going on here but not very extensive. Thence to Trinity River over a large mountain 16 miles. There was no mining on the River where we crossed it but the mines was very extensive down the River 30 miles below. Thence on to the top of the coast range of mountains. We started early in the morning and traveled all day and then we did not get to the summit. We camped in one mile of the summit.
    August 28--That night a big grizzly Bear came into camp and was going to take in my pack ox for his supper. We all out and after him with fire Brands till he left camp. Bear is very plenty here. We saw three or four going about camp that night. Next morning we started on by daylight for we thought it best to get out of there. We soon came to the summit. We found some snow on top of the mountain. Here we had a good view of all the Country round for we were on the highest mountain a round about there. It was a nice clear day. Here was the first glimpse I got of the great Pacific Ocean. I could look away over the mountains west and see the great waters and you must know we are one hundred and twenty-five miles from the coast--and yet we could see it distinctly. On we went over some Bald mountains gradually decending toward the coast, the Indians very numerous and very saucy. Brad and Henry Owings came a long here three days after and the Injuns shot arrows into the camp but did not hit anyone but shot a cow.
    August 29--Next day we traveled on a decending ridge all day. Saw plenty of game of all sorts. We came on to some squaws picking grass seeds. When they saw us they dropped everything and run for life. We  camped in the edge of the big Redwood timber--that is a very large kind of timber. It looks very much like cedar timber. It grows very thick on the ground. The average size is about ten feet through and about three hundred feet long high. We saw some trees thirty and forty feet through--four hundred feet high. The Bark is over one foot thick. The Bark is very hard to chop. It gums up an ax. We traveled 32 miles through this timber. It was so dense and thick that we only got one glimpse of the sun the whole way through. As we went through the redwoods we had to wind about some on the account of the big logs that lie in the way. The land has a gradual slope all the way towards the coast. When we got out so that we could see the sun we found ourselves in the head of Eel River valley. This valley is thickly settled in 1854. We went down the valley 7 miles. Here we came to the old man Dobyns Farm. Dobyns crossed the plains in company with Millers and us and now he had got home to his farm once more. He is keeping Batch. There were near one hundred farms in this valley and only one that had a white wife. There were a great many that had Indian women or Squaws for wives even some that had wives in the states. Eel River valley is a Beautiful Place. Soil is of the most productive Kind. It lies ten miles from the coast. I saw fifty-two Bushels of wheat to the acre. This valley is 20 miles in length from 4 to 8 miles wide. I lay over here two days to rest my self after leading an ox three hundred miles over the worst mountains I ever saw a trail on.
    September 1--The ox I led Packed three hundred Pounds. The reader ought to have seen me climbing the mountains and leading an ox after me. Poor old Buck he got fat in this valley and then went to the Butchers to get his throat cut. Brad and Henry was to land up on the Humboldt Bay some twenty-five miles north of here. I thought I must go on and see the Boys and see the great ocean. I put my hand into my Pocket and not a cent was there. So I thought I would try and get work and earn some money. I started out to hunt work. I hunted up and down the valley two day and not a lick of work could I get to do for money. All had no money. They were just living without money. Now I was getting in a bad fix in debt ten dollars and had no clothes--only them that was on my Back. They were ragged and very lousy--lice there was not a stitch but what had a louse on. So I struck out for the Bay 15 miles distance. I went begging my way and going down to the Bay my shirt naturally crawled off of me. I went ahead. The first man I saw I wanted to know if he wanted to hire any help. He looked at me and then said no Sir. I told him what sort of a fix I was in. He then wanted to know if I was a farmer. I told him I was. So we struck up a trade. He was to pay me fifty dollars per month. I told him I wanted a new suit of clothes. So he took me down to Fort Bucksport and I got a suit of clothes. They cost me nine dollars. That Put me in debt nineteen dollars. So I went to working on a Farm. This man was an old Batchelor. He was off on business most of the time so I had to Boss the farm--milk the cows and churn, cook and make Butter. This farm lay one mile from the Bay up on a bench of the mountain. Here I had a good view of the Bay and the inlet or entrance of the Bay--very small amount of farming done here.
    September 5th--This is a great Lumbering Country--six saw mills on the Bay--one at Bucksport--one at Union Town and four at Eureka. There was one hundred saws running in one mill at Eureka. The most of them are up and down saws or gang saws--fifteen Circle saws and a big Planing machine all under one roof. Humboldt Bay is 25 miles long and one and a half wide. It is surrounded on two sides with heavy timber, Principally Red wood and spruce and fir timber. I had a beautiful view of the ocean and Bay where I worked. It was a Beautiful sight to see nine and ten ships cruising around the entrance of the Bay waiting for the little Tug to bring them into the Bay. It is a great Buckwheat country. I threshed Buck wheat with a Flail the bigger part of the time I was here. The old man was very crabby. He and I would fall out nearly every day. I worked here one month and a half and all I got for it was nine dollars worth of Clothes and a gun worth twelve dollars.
    While I was at work here Brad and Henry came to see me. I had not seen or heard of them since I left them at the Camp on Deer Flats. They came over three days after I came. The man they started over with run out of provisions so the Boys left him 85 miles Back on the mountains. The old man was bringing over cattle and they came slow. The Boys got lost in the mountains and were out three days without eating. When they found themselves they were close to Union Town on the head of the Bay--35 miles up the coast from Eel River. As soon as they got to Union Town they came across a man that wanted to hire some hands to go up to Gold Bluffs with him to mine. The Boys were to get seventy-five dollars per month each. They worked one month and quit the Gold Bluffs. They came back down to the Bay to where I was working. They were in good circumstances by this time. They had a good suit of Clothes and fifty dollars besides. We were happy to see each other for it had been near two months since we saw each other.
     Just at the time the Boys came down to see me the People of Humboldt County held an Election for the County Seat. They had a great time of it. Union Town wanted it. Eureka wanted it and so did Bucksport. Each Town had called in all the men they could rake up and the thing was hot, everything free for all hands--eat and drink as you pleased. We got a little too full of Liquors such as brandy and wine. I did not know that Brandy and wine would cause drunkenness so easy. I must confess I got drunk and as I began to lose my Equilibrium I started for home. I got home but I hardly know how. Some of the Boys said I went three Roads for home. A sicker Child never was. This is the first time and I hope it will be the last time.  
    After I got sobered up the Boys and I left. The Boys went up the coast to Trinidad Bay. There is a great deal of goods Packed from this Town to the mines on Trinity and Salmon Rivers. The Boys and I got in to work here getting out lath timber for a mill Company. We could make sixty-five dollars per month. I worked here two months in the Redwoods. The largest tree we cut down was eight feet through. There were only three farms near Trinidad and one of them was made from one tree--House Barn and fences and half the tree left. It was twelve foot through and two hundred feet to the first limb and it split like a ribbon. I got lost in the redwood timber, fell over a Precipice into an alder tree top 30 feet and if I had went any further I would have fell two hundred feet. Here Brad Owens found me. My fall was on account of a big loose Rock I stepped on and it slid down the mountain.
    The Boys and I and an old Sailor went out on the Ocean one day in a little Row Boat as a pleasure trip and while we were out we run on to a whale and the whale began to play with us. He would stand on its head and try to lash us with its tail. Then it would dive down under the Boat and come up on the other side and a little closer. The old Sailor turned white and he said Boys we must get out of here. We all got to the oars and began to pull for the shore. If  Mr. Whale had hit our Boat it would have been all day with us.  
    While we were at Trinidad there was a big whale came ashore and died. The mill man sent the Boys and I down with Kettles and Barrels to render up the Blubber, but by the time we got ready to render the Indians came on to us and claimed the whale. They said the Great Spirit had sent that whale to them and they were ready to fight for it. In less than 24 hours there were 75 Indians around that whale. So we gave it up to them, but before we gave it up they had their knives out ready to fight. The whale was a big one about sixty feet long and eight or nine feet through.
    After this I left Trinidad. It was the 23 of December I started for Jacksonville O.T. I left the Boys at Trinidad. They stayed there till the next spring and then went up on the Klamath River to mine.
    When I left Trinidad I had one hundred and thirty dollars. I got on a steamship at Trinidad and went up to Crescent City distance 60 miles. This was the first ship I was ever on. The name of it was The Southerner. She was a large ship but very old and shaky. They run her on a sand Bar and left her. It cost me 17 dollars to Crescent City and 13 to Jacksonville. I was seasick all night, for we were out all night on the old tug or tub.
    Crescent City is quite a Town. It sits on the Beach just in the edge of the Redwood timber. She is in California close to the Oregon line. It is one hundred fifteen miles from here to Jacksonville Oregon over very bad mountains--only a Pack trail when I came out, but in 1857 they made a wagon Road. I left Crescent City the day I landed. I had two Pair of Blankets and a satchel of clothes on my back. I got out of Town three or four miles and got stuck in the mud. Good luck would have it a pack train came along and took me in. They packed my Blankets and I helped drive the mules. On Christmas day of 1854 I can always remember we were crossing over Smiths River mountain. This is a very long and high mountain. It rained it snowed it hailed and froze. There was not a dry stick on me at night. There houses were far apart from five to ten miles, one stretch twenty miles. We came over to Illinois valley every little Creek was up and full of water. We lie over at one two days waiting for the water to fall. It was raining all the time and it got higher all the time. We fell a tree across and Packed our cargo over on a footlog and swam the mules over. This was working my passage. I got to Jacksonville the last day of December 1854 and that night it snowed.
    January 1st--Jacksonville is quite a Town. There are seven stores two fireproof Buildings. She is in the edge of  Rogue River valley. The mines is just in the edge of Town or from Town Back two and three miles. On new years day I went hunting with my uncle H. K. Wasson. The snow on the mountains was four feet deep. We had very poor luck saw no deer or Bear. My uncle has been mining here two years. He came here in the fall of 1852. I went to work with him in the gold mines about one mile from Jacksonville on what is called Jackson Flats. I worked twenty-two days for an interest with him in some old claims and I bought out his old Pardner gave him ten dollars. So I came in full Pardner with my uncle in his mines. The first thing I done was to lay in plenty of provisions for the rest of the winter--flour was eight dollars per hundred--Bacon forty--Beef twenty-five--coffee 33⅓ a pound sugar the same--mining Boots eight and ten dollars per pair. Everything in proportion.
    I thought this were some for high Prices. It took the last cent I had to Buy my winter's Provisions. I went to work on the 25 of January 1855. When I first set in to mining we used a long tom. This is a machine that takes a great deal of work to tend it. The long tom and the Cradle was the go. But I claim to be the first man to start sluices in the Jackson mines. I saw some sluices as I went through California and took particular notice of them how they were made and how they were set. I got some lumber sawed to order and made some sluices and went using them. We could make pay with sluices where we would starve with a long tom.
    The gold lay in pockets around Jacksonville mines. Some days we would make [more] and some we would make less. Rogue River valley is hard to beat for Beauty and fertility.
    June 1st--Jacksonville is in the southwest corner of the valley. There is Sterlingville nine miles south Jacksonville. In the fall and winter of 1855 there were over six hundred miners in Sterlingville. One day I went over to Sterlingville to see the mines and as I was looking around I came on to F. F. Curran. He was mining down the Creek four miles from Sterlingville at a little Town called Bunkumville. I stayed all night with him then went back to Jacksonville. I mined here with my uncle H. K. Wasson till the first of June. The water run down in the ditches that we could not work for the lack of water. Up to this time I had cleared two hundred and fifty dollars so I had three hundred and fifty dollars clear of expenses.
    5th of June--W. D. Wasson came over from Yreka to see us. He took sick and had to stay. So I took his Horse Back to Yreka for him. Yreka is 55 miles from Jacksonville south. I started on the 7th went up Bear Creek valley 18 miles from Jackson. There I found my old friends the Grubbs living on a nice and beautiful farm. I was happy to see them. From Samuel Grubb's I went on to Yreka. I crossed the Siskiyou mountains on through Cottonwood Town. This is quite a mining place. Next crossed the Klamath River on through Shasta valley across Shasta River three miles further on I came to Yreka. This is a large mining Town. The mines are very extensive about Yreka.
    I was at Yreka on Sunday. This is a day miners do all their trading. I saw over five thousand people in Town that day. From here I went over to Humbug Creek ten miles from Yreka. Here I Found my old Friend Wm. K. Dryden. He was mining on this Creek. He was dressed in miner's clothes out and out. He had on a Pair of Buckskin Pants somewhat worn an old wool Hat and a woolen shirt off up at the elbows--a pair of moccasins and he was all Kar Dryden [Kerr/Karr?]. Humbug Creek is a very rich mining Creek. It is about twelve miles long and mining all along. From here I went back to Jacksonville. Wm. D. had got well. So we three went to work together Prospecting after gold up in the mountains four miles west from Jackson. We Prospected together till the fourth of July. Wm. D. went out to the valley to harvest. All this time we had not made a dollar. We were spending money all the time. On the 6th of July uncle and I struck it rich as a Pocket. We called it the mountain diggins. Wm. came back to us in the mountains. We made some money here. Uncle Hiram left us on the 25 August. He went to the Willamette Valley. Wm. and I worked two weeks by ourselves then F. F. Curran came over from Bunkumville and went to work with us. We made three and four dollars per day for about a month.  
    In August 1855 some of the Rogue River Indians went over on the Klamath River and killed some of the whites. So that raised the California People to arms. There was five hundred armed men came over to Rogue River valley from the Klamath and Yreka and Humbug Creek to kill the injuns that done the murdering. Those Indians that done the murdering ran back to Table Rock Fort. When the Californians came over here to the Fort the Head officer would not let them do anything to the Injuns. He said he was put there to protect the Indians. So they all went back home like mad men. So when the Indians found out that they were protected by the Fort (or Uncle Sam) they broke out hostile all over Oregon and Washington killing People wherever they could get a chance. They Burned houses women and Children and this is while we were up in the mountains not knowing anything of the affair.
    One Sunday morning the Boys and I went down to Jacksonville to see what was going on for we had heard a great deal of shooting off in the valley. The first thing we saw was the guard around the Town. The cry was Injuns all over Town. The Indians had killed a man in a half a mile of us and we did not know any thing of it. We thought best to move down out of the mountains. The next day we moved down on the flats above town one mile. Three days after F. F. Curran and two other men were out hunting deer up close by where we had been all summer. One of the men got shot by the Indians. Curran and the other came in safe. The People out in the valley all Forted up--put up Forts by setting up logs on end in the ground. Each Fort kept a guard out. F. F. Curran and I went out in the valley to see our old friend Grubbs. We found them all Forted up. There were four or five families that had gathered together and Built a Fort--Grubbs with the rest. We were out here ten days--having a good time. Sometimes the Children were fighting--sometimes the dogs were fighting. Then there were two girls that appeared very sociable. They wanted us to stay close by them to keep the Indians off. By the by the youngest one got married while we were there. She was a few months over twelve years old. So you see it was not all Injuns after all. We went back to Jacksonville and went to work on the flats again. We were drifting and throwing up dirt for the rainy season. We worked on this way till water came to wash up. It was not very safe to mine. Someone had to be on the outlook for Injuns.
    December 1855--It was at this time Kar Dryden came over to see us. He stayed two days then went back to Humbug Creek. I went over with him to Yreka to Check some money home to my mother. I sent 200 dollars back to the States. When we started out it was nice and clear but before we got ten miles out it commenced to rain. We went over the Siskyou Mountains that day and it rained and snowed all  day. At night I was almost dead. Kar Dryden only would laugh at me. Next morning we went on to Yreka. It was that cold I could not keep warm walking. I was sick all day. We stayed all night in Yreka. The next day we went over to Humbug Creek. Here I lie over for one week with chills and fever. As soon as I got better I went back to Jacksonville. When I got back I had one hundred and thirty dollars left. From June 1855 to the first of January 1856 I just held my own on the money line. I would make some thirty or forty dollars then I would Prospect and run about till it was all gone.  
    On Christmas day we Boys Played Cards all day then at night there were some thirty miners I amongst the rest--we all Belted on our revolvers and went down to Jacksonville to a big Ball. There were over seventy couple. Some of the women and girls wore very low necked dresses. We miners stood and looked on till near midnight. Some of the Ladies turned up their noses at our miner suit of Clothes. Between Christmas and new years we were playing cards. At the end of the week I was five dollars loser. That was my last playing cards for money.
     After new years day we went to work ground sluicing. We made some little money before the water gave out. We three worked on till the first of March. Then Wm. Wasson left and went out to fight Injuns. He enlisted during the war. The war lasted two months after he enlisted. F. F. and I worked on till the last of March. I Bought a mule gave eighty dollars for it and four dollars for a Pack saddle. F. F. Curran and I packed up and left Jacksonville for California. After I Bought the mule and Pack saddle I had one hundred and fifty-eight dollars. We went from Jackson over to Cottonwood Town. Here I left F. F. Curran to make his pile. Here I bought a Riding Saddle, gave thirty-five dollars for it. Then I went on to Yreka. Here I got my mule shod. That cost me four dollars--thence on to Deadwood Town. Here I found Isaac Shaver a relative of my mother. He was mining on McAdams Creek. From there I went to Scotts River on Scotts Bar thence down Scotts to the mouth where it puts into the Klamath River. Went down the Klamath through Happy Camp thence down eight miles to clear Creek. Here I found Brad and Henry Owens. They were mining on woods Bar on the Klamath. When I got here I had one hundred and three dollars left. So I went to work with the Boys on the Bar. The first thing we did was to cut through some bed Rock. We were one month cutting Bed Rock. We had to Blast the most of it. After we got through into the old channel we made sixty-five dollars apiece. Then the Boys sold out for one hundred each. Here I Bought a gun. Gave twenty-five dollars for it.
    Henry and I left here. Brad went to work out by the mouth a few miles below at eighty dollars a month. Henry and I went up to Yreka thence on to Cottonwood thence Back to Jacksonville Oregon.
    July 1856--We found Wm. D. Wasson in the hospital at Jackson. I had left him to take care of my mining Claims but he had got sick and some men jumped my mountain Claims so I had arbitration before I could get them to leave. This cost me twenty-five dollars to treat the crowd. Uncle Hiram Wasson got back from the Willamette Valley the day after I got back to Jacksonville so uncle and Henry and I went to work on the mountain Claim. We worked three weeks and made fifteen dollars each. Henry went to work in the valley harvesting. This was the first of July. Uncle and I went to prospecting. Prospected two weeks and could not strike it so we went down to Town to see what was going on there.
    There was a great talk about good diggings down Rogue River--the meadows is the place where the soldiers had a fight with the Indians and the volunteers came in and saved the U.S. army. Wm. Wasson was in the fight on hungry hill. I was on hungry hill after the war was over. It was a poor place to fight Injuns. Our men were on open ground and the Indians had timber for shelter. As we went by the way of Leland we came on down grave Creek. Then we left it and over a very high mountain called Mt. Reuben--thence down to Whiskey Creek and camped. We saw no white mans sign--nothing but Indian tracks. We thought the best thing we could do was to go back for there was too much Indian sign for us. So Back we went next morning as fast as we could and near night we met 18 more Prospectors. We all camped together that night. Next day we all started for the big meadows again. There was 21 of us. The Indians were the last of our fear now. We got to the meadows in three days travel. After we met the 18 when we came to the meadows we expected to see quite a Town of miners but to our great surprise there was not a man about not even a track--Town or anything. We Prospected some but could not find any gold so you see the meadows as a mining place was a Humbug
    Back we went to Whiskey Creek. Here we met some sixty more Prospectors going to the meadows. We told our tale, they went no further. We thought we would stop and Prospect Whiskey Creek. We found some gold but not Plenty. We were camped at the mouth of Whiskey Creek on the Banks of Rogue River. So one day we built a raft and crossed the River on the south side. We Prospected and found some gold on a Bar just opposite Whiskey  Creek. We thought it would pay to work. We moved over and went to work.  
    August 1856--The first thing we done were to get a whipsaw and saw out some sluices. We got a saw by paying 2 dollars a day for the use of it. There were two men by names of R S. Vickery and Wm. Millard. They had taken up the water privilege that we were going to use--so we all went in full Partner. R. S. Vickery and I went to sawing. Henry Owing--Millard and uncle went to cutting out troughs for to put some water on a Bar. We had 6 hundred feet to take the water on the Bar. We got to sluicing inside of three weeks from the time we commenced sawing it being 12 day of August 1856. About the time we got the water on the Bar our Provisions run out. Henry Owings got the ague. The Devil was to pay. Henry thought he would go over to the Klamath after his Brother Brad. I took him out to Jacksonville. He got better and went on after Brad. I got some Provisions and came Back with Wm. Wasson. By this time I had not a cent of money left. I was just one week gone. The Boys had not made anything as yet and the ditch was all the time breaking and letting the water out. We worked on for three weeks and did not make wages. Henry and Brad got back. Now there were 7 in company. We all went to work the harder. The mine got to paying better. Brad Owings and I went out to Roseburg after mining tools and Provisions--distance 75 miles. Our Pack train were three Indian Ponies and one mule. We had an awful time. Two of our horses got sick. They got some poison weeds I think, for they never were well afterwards but they would eat as good as ever. The mule stood it very well. We left the horses on the Road. We had them loaded with Bacon and a grind stone. We got back with one horse and the mule. The Boys made fun of us.
    By this time the mine was paying from ten to twenty dollars per day to the hand. My uncle struck a new lead of gold. He got 80 dollars to the Pan. This was on the Bar that we all had put water on. When he found this gold he was not willing to let the Boys work on the Bar. All this time we were in full Partners on the claim--and partners in all we could find. Just when we wanted money he wanted to act the Hog--and so he did--but not as much as he thought he could. The Boys had went to Building houses. We all had come to the conclusion to stop here for the winter.
    They sent me out to get some winter's Provision. I went to the valley and Chartered a Pack train to Pack in Provisions. The first load I brought in was 18 hundred lbs. of flour, a hundred of Potatoes--2 hundred of onions. The next time I went to Roseburg after groceries I got six hundred dollars worth of groceries. Two hundred of Potatoes--one of onions--2 hundred of Bacon--one hundred of Butter--22 dz. of eggs--mining boots and clothes--axes saw augers and Planes--draw knife--Picks and shovels all came to 1,400 dollars. The merchants thought I was a store keeper. All the money the Boys made in about two months time besides Building three log houses.
    December 23, 1856--We all had ten months Provisions laid in--and out of Debt--happy miners we were. We had been Prospecting a Bar down the River just one mile from the other Bar that we worked on. We thought it would pay to put water on. This we call Tyee Bar. The upper Bar was not large enough for us all. So on the 24 of December we commenced our work on the Tyee Bar ditch or flume one mile long. None of us had made any flumes. We seven in company went in to it blind as it were--not one of us had a cent of money to go on only as we digged it out of the ground. We Bought a whipsaw and two went to sawing lumber for the flume. We cut our logs 16 feet long. Our flume was eighteen inches on the Bottom and fourteen inches high. There you see our Bottom Plank was 18 inches wide and sixteen feet long. The side planks were 14 inches wide and 16 feet long. Brad and Wm. Wasson tried the sawing the first--then Henry and Brad--then Brad and R. S. Vickery went to work and sawed 8 months without doing anything else. The Boys put me on the flume as head man. I had to oversee it all. Two kept on mining. It paid them very well for a time.
    April  Then the pay got less every day so they quit on the first of April. From this [time] out we were getting into Debt. Up to this time we had taken out 2,200 two thousand two hundred dollars. We were ten months Building the flume and getting ready to mine on Tyee Bar. We had two and three hands hired the most of the time. Henry Owings and John Brown were sawing and the saw pit fell down and broke John Brown's Back. We had to Pack him down the mountain on a litter. He was three months before he got well. We run two saws Part of the time. Uncle Hiram and Wm. Millard run one. Times has been very good so far with us. We all work hard. The mountainside slid and took off part of our flume. This cost us three hundred dollars to repair the damage. F. F. Curran came over from Cottonwood to Tyee Bar. He went to work for us packing lumber or flume planks. It was quite a trick to carry a green plank 18 inches Broad and sixteen feet long around the mountain. We carried them a half mile some places. The flume crossed canyons and stuck up on poles twenty-five feet high and part of the way it was on the mountainside and it was that steep we had to lash ourselves to a tree by a rope to keep us from falling down the mountain. We had to contend with yellowjackets and Snakes. Our flume was a quarter of an inch fall to the Rod and at the lower end it was 40 feet above the water in the River. Tyee Bar is a half mile long by three hundred feet across--from five to thirty feet deep and mostly round Boulders from a hen's egg up to a ton. The ledge rock runs back level and the gold on the Bed Rock.
    July 2--We got the water on the Bar today after a great deal of hard work. We had an offer for our claim or mine. The man was going to buy it for the Chinamen. We all set our prices that was eighteen hundred dollars each--twelve thousand six hundred dollars in all. This was Judge Snerling from Yreka California. He was to give it in twelve days but he never came back. Some of the old Indian fighters said the Chinaman should not come into these parts. There were two men that let the Chinaman know all about the matters so they backed out on fear of the Indian fighters.  
    We all went to work again. We all had been living in the three Houses on the upper Bar. We sold the Houses on the upper Bar and built a new house on Tyee Bar. Then we all moved in together and all eat from the same table. We had a very good miners' House. We had a good floor and glass windows--the first Best of Bunks--a good kitchen and fireplace. We have a Cook hired at fifty dollars per month. We have a hydraulic--it cost us one hundred fifty dollars. After we got to mining on Tyee Bar the Indians broke out here and Robbed two miners' houses. The miners went out after the Indians over the worst of mountains but could not catch them. Henry Owings [and] R. S. Vickery went. They were almost wore out when they got back. To our great surprise the mines did not pay as well as we expected it to. By this time we had got in Debt some seventy-five dollars apiece. After we could not make our Piles on the Bar we thought we would go into the River, so at it we went. Some of us worked on the Bar. The rest went to work turning the River. We got it turned but found very little pay. We worked in the River Bed till the 15 of November. Then we had to get our winter's supplies in. We went on credit. It was nothing to get credit in the mines. I will give you some of our supplies of Provisions--
    We have many little things too tedious to mention--Paper--salt--saleratus--
allspice--ginger--and nutmegs. All these things we got on credit besides our own private things such as Boots--shoes--gum boots--gum coats. We are not making anything just now. There are nine of us staying in one house. We all mess together. We have a stag dance once in a while. Isaac Shaver is our Fiddler. I play the Bones--all hands round Bill go down the middle.  
    R. S. Vickery lies out on the mountain all night. He was packing a Jackass over the mountains. The snow was too deep for him to make it over in one day. He lie on the snow all night, in the morning came on down. Wm. Wasson fell in a shaft 35 feet deep. It was half full of water--he came out all wet.
    November  We bought out one of our Pardners. We gave him eight hundred dollars. He got to drinking too much. He got behind on his time (we had a law if one of us did not work he had to pay into the company's purse three dollars per day unless he was sick) one hundred fifty dollars and got in debt to the company two hundred besides. We bought him out to get rid of him. I have no use for a drunk man.
    The damming of the River did not pay wages--about two dollars per day, 420 dollars in all. Now all hands at work on the Bar. We are Prospecting in the Back part of the Bar. We are running a large cut from the River back to the mountain. This cut is forty feet wide on the top--thirty feet on the bottom--it is thirty feet deep--three hundred feet long. We were three months running this cut. We got six hundred dollars out of it. That was the small sum of two dollars a day. Our Board and expenses were one dollar a day.
    December the 25th 1857--The Boys had a jolly time of it. There were 18 of us. We had two fiddlers and danced till twelve o'clock at night. We had no women to dance with. Half of the Boys got tight. Next day they were heaving up Jonah all over the House and sick Oh--they felt bad. I know from experience. We done no work for a week. That was after new years--new years night was dull.
    January 2, 1858--We all went to work as hard as ever for time was getting pretty tight with us. The storekeepers were coming on to us for Pay. We just got to making money when the River raised and the water came over our diggings so we could not work for two weeks. The River was up very high. It was up within three feet of our house. It raised fifteen feet one night. We could not get out to the Post Office and it was a long time that we Boys did not get any letters. We went to the Post Office once every month. It was 22 miles to the office. It was a joy to get a letter from home.
    May 1858--Time Rolls on. We are still in Debt. My uncle H. K. Wasson dropped out of the company and went to work by his self on the head of the Bar. He could not agree with the Company. On the 18th of May Henry Owings and W. D. Wasson got discouraged and left for the Willamette Valley. The company were in debt two hundred and forty dollars when they left. Brad Owings, R. S. Vickery and myself was all that was left of the Co. So we went to work. We made eight dollars a day from the time they left to the last of August. We Paid up all the Company's Debts and our own Debts. Our private Debts were one hundred and forty-six dollars apiece. After paying up all then we bought out Henry and Wm. Wasson at one hundred apiece for all their interest in Tyee Bar. On we worked till the October 16th. We made three and four dollars a day till Oct. 16. Bradford Owings left us today. F. F. Curran bought him out for one hundred dollars. Bradford went down in the valley where Henry was. He had four hundred and fifty dollars when he left here. After Curran came in to the company we drifted in the Bar two weeks and made two hundred dollars. Then we went to getting in our winter's provisions. We had to get a new Hydraulic. The old one is wore out. Then we went to ground sluicing. We calculate to sluice all winter and clean up in the summer. We are not making any money when we are ground sluicing.
    December--Our neighbors are twelve miles distance. The last of December very cold down to zero. Christmas was dull with us. I was alone all day. Fred Curran went to the Post office on Christmas. He was gone five days. He brought home five letters for me--two from Joshua Mickey, one from Cunniham Dryden--one from Brad, one from Wm. Wasson. Next day we all went hunting. I killed two Deer. Deer and Bear are very plenty--some Elk--wildcats are very Plentiful. New years has come and it find us all well and hearty. The year 1858 I wrote over forty letters. I wrote thirty-five back to old Iowa. I have received 27 from the Virginia Grove Post Office. I register all my letters that I write and get and there is quite a difference.
    On new years day I went hunting. Killed one very large Buck Deer. We have no white tail Deer here. We call them the Black tail Deer. Every now and then there is some excitement raised about new diggings but it all turns out a failure. There was a man got lost in these mountains and froze to death and the next spring they found him. He was out hunting and fell over dead from some cause or other. Bradford Owings writes that he and Henry has taken two hundred cows to keep. They get one-third the increase. They have to take them for five years. Uncle Hiram is working on the Head of Tyee Bar mining. He has not made anything yet. A miner is always looking ahead for a strike.
    January 23--I came out to the Post office today. I got one letter from Joshua M. Mickey. I get to go out to the Post office every three months. We have got considerable ground sluiced off to clean up next summer.
    January 24, 1859--We intend to ground sluice two months yet then clean up. It will take till the fourth of July to clean up what we will have sluiced off. The Hydraulic is a great invention in getting off dirt and gravel. It will do the work of twenty men. Then it is not half the danger with Hydraulic as with pick and shovel. You can stand back and play the water under the Bank till she caves in. Then you can play the water on it from the pipe till you wash all off--then play the water under the Bank again and down she comes. If one watches the Bank he can always get out of the way of the rocks and gravel. I was the one that held the nozzle and uncle Hiram said I would get killed. At that very instant the Bank came down and caught him but did not cover him up. I came out all right. It is wonderful what a power there is in water confined. If the Rogue River had fall enough we could run it through a cannon--that is if the cannon was big enough.
    February--The high waters delayed us some. The River did not have to raise very much till it would be up on the Bar but we got off piles of dirt and gravel. As we sluiced it into the River the River water would carry it off. Black sand was very plentiful. It would fill the sluice Riffles and cause the fine gold to slip over and we would lose it. And we wasted Platinum by the pounds not knowing it was any account.
    Rogue River was full of salmon at times and we had no way of catching them. A man could starve and have tons of eatables in sight. One day the Panthers ran a big Buck Deer down the mountain opposite of us. The Deer jumped into the River and swam over toward us as we were eating our dinner and uncle Hiram shot the Deer and wounded it and the Deer started back but some Irishmen scared the Deer back to our side of the River and while they were doing that the Panther came down till he saw the Irishmen then he ran back up the mountain. Panthers will take turns in running a Deer down, but if a Deer can get in some River he is all right. He is a good swimmer.  
    My uncle traded my mule off for a Bear Dog--at least that was all I got for the mule. So one Saturday we Boys all went up on the mountain to hunt and gather Berries and I took my dog along but the Boys said I should not go with them and take the dog. I told them I would go alone and keep the dog with me and we would go up the canyon. So up the canyon I and the dog started. I had the dog chained to my Belt and after I had gone up the canyon two or more miles I saw a Bear and the dog saw him at the same time. I just unsnapped my dog and he ran the Bear up a tree but as I would come up so I could see it the Bear would come down and run. But finally the dog got Mr. Bear up a leaning tree and I got up near enough to shoot the Bear through the Heart. And still it lived long enough to have quite a fight with the dog. The noise brought the Boys down off of the mountain. So we dressed the Bear and took him on up to camp--for we camped out in the Raspberry Patch. Next morning I was out very early with my dog for I knew there were lots of Bears round and like a fool I let my dog get after a Grizzly Bear and the Bear soon cleaned the dog out. He came back to me with his head cut to the Bone by the Bear's claws--and that ruined my dog as far as hunting Bears goes.
    That is only one Bear story. I have seen men all chewed up with Grizzly Bears--disfigured for life--but I Forbear to tell any more Bear stories and come back to the mines.
    We got along very nice in ground sluicing and went to cleaning up the Bed Rock, for there we found the gold. We cleaned up all that we had ground sluiced off and we cleared near one thousand a Piece or three thousand dollars--Curran--Vickery and I. Uncle Hiram was still working on the upper end of the Bar and after we got our work done we went up and helped him out for I had got the notion in my head of going back to the states. Uncle said he wanted to go along. F. F. Curran--he took the notion of going so we all sold out to some Germans at two hundred dollars--fifty dollars apiece.
    Vickery and I kept Book of all the Gold we took out of Tyee Bar. It was eleven thousand six hundred seventy-seven dollars. Besides we took out over two thousand from the upper Bar. Vickery and I had over fourteen hundred dollars apiece. Curran and Uncle did not have as much. We were there three years. The experience was great--everything high, even the mountains were high. Curran--uncle and I left the last of August. We went out by the way of Roseburg down the Umpqua and at the mouth of the Umpqua we took ship for San Francisco and were three days going down to Frisco. I was seasick all the way to San Francisco. The ship ran on a Rock near Crescent City and uncle Hiram Wasson came running down where I was on my bunk and said the ship was sinking. I says let her sink--I did not move. Uncle looked at me with a sorrowful eye and ran up on Deck again--and the Ship got off of the Rock somehow without damage and went ahead. I did not care for gold or anything else. I had my gold in a Buckskin belt around me. Curran and uncle got along without much sickness.  
    We were in San Francisco ten days and I was seasick in my sleep. I thought I was on the ship and I rolled out of Bed. We put up at the What Cheer House. We left Vickery on the Bar. He stayed five days and went down to San Francisco by land on the stage. He got in to Frisco the day after we left for Panama. At the time we started back to the states there were opposition with two lines of ships. We went back to New York for 38 dollars second Cabin--the very best of grub. We took Passage on the Cortes ship and our rival ship was the Golden Gate. The two ships left the Docks at the same time--at three o clock in the evening but the ship Golden Gate run right away from the Cortes and Beat us to Panama but on the other side from Panama to New York our Northern Light Beat the other ship two days--that is got two of the lost days back. She was only one day ahead of us in to New York. As we were on the Cortes we run in to Acapulco Mexico to take in water. The water was taken into the ship by barrels. The Barrels were filled on shore and rolled in the Bay and a native one to each barrel and swam with it out to the ship. Then the Barrel was hoisted up by Tackle and the water emptied into the ship and the Barrel thrown back in to the Bay and the natives then took them back to shore--100 Barrels and 100 natives.
    While we were in San Francisco we run wild. There were a great deal to be seen. We were ten days in Frisco. We made it count while we were there. We went all through the U.S. Mint--saw gold by the tons both in Bars and coin--all through the Wells Fargo's Establishment--Theaters and Parks--the Bay--the sea shore--the Seal Rock--and ship yards.
    As we ran in to Panama Bay the English and the natives were having trouble so we were escorted by Soldiers to the Cars and put on train and run out of Town and up the mountain. Then our baggage was brought out of the ship and put on another train. We fooled along till the Baggage train caught up with us which was six or seven hours. Then we all went over to Aspinwall together seven hundred in number. At Aspinwall there were a ship in waiting for us to take us down to New York. I say Down for the Ocean Stream runs that way. We were nine days from Aspinwall to New York. Oh my what sea swells we had passing by Cape Hatteras--how sick I got as the ship would rise and fall over these great swells. Then as we were coming around Sandy Hook how our hearts did throb to see the great City of New York. Then as we came into the City and see the amount of people and the many ships--and when we struck Broadway it seemed as though all the Churches had just dismissed. Barnum's museum was the first place--then to see the City itself and to see all the pomp and splendor--and all the misery downtrodden of humanity was before our Eyes. Lord will it be Possible that those great Cities will be swallowed up by Earthquakes when God shall shake up this wicked world for their many sins.
    As we got on the train in Jersey City we took the New York and Erie R Road and run up to Dunkirk and laid over all day Sunday and what a day Sunday was to us Boys. Dunkirk appeared to dead in the shell. Sunday evening our train pulled out for Chicago by the way of Cleveland, Ohio. It was in the night when we passed through Cleveland. My, what a Depot . Then as we ran down through the Prairie into Chicago it began to look like old Iowa in landscape. We did not see much of Chicago. We left as soon as we got our breakfast. From Chicago to Burlington, Iowa some nice scenery came up to our view such as these rolling Prairies after being in the mountains five years. We landed in Burlington after dark and we landed wrong side too. At Burlington the Cars only run to the East side of the Mississippi. There were no Bridge and no Cars on the Iowa side. But the next morning we got writed up. Went down the old Sunderland House and found some of our old Virginia Grove friends and relatives there. F. F. Curran met his Brother David there.
    From Burlington we came out to the Virginia Grove. Friends on all sides greeted us. And as we came over the low Hills we came to Mother's my Sister and many Brothers--two Brothers I had never seen--David and Hiram--Half Brothers, then my whole Brothers Isaac--Joshua--Robert--Peter--Crammer--Joseph & James Mickey. The Virginia Grove Iowa was the land I played in when a Boy. It was there I had sorrow and pleasure--mirth and gladness--labor and rest--hard times and no money--youth and manhood. As I came up to the gate Mother says John you are welcome home money or no money and put her arm around my neck and kissed me.
    We know not what a mother's Love is--a Love next to Christ's love--love and charity is with a true Mother and if she is regenerated and filled with the Holy Ghost she loves other Mothers' Boys.
    The fall and winter of 1859 I spent in running round. I bought me a horse and sleigh and had what the world would call a good time. But along in the spring I got under conviction for Sin. I bought 80-acre farm and put my horse in as part pay--the Horse that I was riding when converted to my Saviour Christ my redeemer. There was a work wrought in me by reaching out to Jesus by faith--a faith that brings this Body up to Divinity--a faith that takes Christ as a gift unmerited favor grace--a faith that Purifieth the heart by love--a faith that brings Salvation now--a faith that lets Christ and the Holy Ghost do the work in us--a faith that takes out the swear and puts in Praises to his God. The devil and all Hell cannot stand up and say I was not Regenerated. Hallelujah.
    In the spring of 1860 I started back to California. Went afoot down to Burlington, Iowa. There I took the Boat for Hannibal, Mo. From there I took the Cars for Saint Joseph, Mo. From there I got in with a man by the name of Dodson for Denver City, Colorado. He took me out for 20 dollars and I walked. I fell in with a Southern Methodist Preacher by the name of Dodson and we had a good time on the Road. He would Preach on Sundays as we lay over--but Lo I did not know that the two Factions were at outs so. Well sir they hated each other like snakes--all going to heaven (not so as my Bible reads). He that loveth not his brother abideth in death. He that sayeth he is in the light and hateth his Brother is in darkness even until now. Hell is full of sectarian hates. It is no use of talking. Sect is of the Devil.
    From Denver I went into the mountains Prospecting for gold. I found myself up in and round Gregorys Diggins from there up near Longs Peak. There I took the mountain fever and came down to Denver City the 2 of July 1860 and lay sick for one month in Denver. Then I went back up in the mountains and took a relapse and came back to Denver City and run a dray in Denver for six weeks. By this time I had spent all my money and got homesick. So I got in with a family that were going to Mo. I got wood and water and helped Cook for my Board--but the woman and I fell out and I told the old Man to set my trunk out and leave me. This was 40 miles East and south of old Fort Kearny on  the headwaters of the Blue River. It was all a Desert then. There was a man came along with two yoke of Cattle to one wagon and took me and my trunk in. His name was Edwards. He took me to Nebraska City and from there I took it afoot across Iowa for home. The houses were very scattering and sometimes it was very late before I could find or get a place to stay all night. My money was running very short and I could not find a place to hire out. I went in to one house to hire and get my dinner. There were two big girls and their mother. I told the old lady I wanted to hire for a while. She said they wanted a hand but they were afraid of a stranger. She said her man was out with the sheriff after one hired hand that had stolen the old man's money. I said I was from Pikes Peak. The thief said he was from Pikes Peak so I was out. No work could I get.
    But finally I got back home with ten cents in my Pocket. Then to hard work I went cutting cordwood out of oak timber in the snow and the cold. Worked all winter in the cordwood business but little pay in it. In the spring I was in need of money to buy lumber to fence my south 40 acres. To get the money I hired out to Myers Jarvis for 6 months 12 dollars per month 78 dollars paid in advance. My Brother Joshua put up the fence. My Brother Robert worked for Jarvis the same summer and two other men. Them days we farmed in the old Primitive style. One Horse to one corn Plow--plant our corn by hand--sow our wheat by hand whether the wind blew or not. The summer went through with a drag. After my time was out I worked on for the same man at same price and while I was there Mrs. Jarvis Hired a girl by the name of Susan E. Ashbaugh. She took my eye and heart but there was another Fellow--a friend of mine that had the inside track of me as I thought and I did not want to interfere with my Friend for I thought he had a dead hold on the Girl. As it happened one day as I were at work she looked out. I threw a kiss at her and she threw it back. My how my cheek burnt. I began to think my friend's hold on the girl was slim. So I asked her one day if she and Mr. were under obligation to each other. She says nothing binding. And still I did not want to interfere with my friend. So I laid low for two or three months to see if there were any progress with the two.
    At this time her Father lived up on a hill and a spring down below the house near the roadside. I was on my way to a camp meeting afoot and as she saw me coming down the road she grabbed a water Bucket and came down the hill to meet me at the spring and as I saw her coming down the hill I began to sing in my mind there comes my Susanna down the hill. Well we met like Jacob and Rachel--Genesis 29-11--but not like Jacob in many things. Jacob had four wives and one was enough for me. Well She got me to stay all night that her Brother Simeon was going up to camp meeting in the morning with a Big wagon and we would all go up together. I have no recollection of the Preaching that day. The Camp meeting is all a dream to me. I guess my Susanna had me hypnotized. Well to cut it short we got married on 13 of February 1862. Rev.Joseph Paschal tied the Knot.
    At this time the Rebellion was in its rage between north and south. I felt that I was exempt from war. So wife and I went on our little farm February 25, 1862 with many thoughts in the future. The war brought on hard times. I had got married on Borrowed money and was to pay it back in one year. I raised corn at ten cts. per Bushel to pay off my debts--five hundred and fifty Bushels of corn for fifty dollars and interest--wheat at 35 cts. per Bushel and haul it 30 miles. I got my wife a calico dress for 20 Bushels of corn. The south had cut the cotton off and Calico went up. The first year we got out of debt. The next year we began to get things around--pigs and chickens and plenty of corn. I always could raise corn if my neighbors had any.  
    May the 4th 1863 our first Born came, a girl Dora May. With her came the Cares of a family ties. And at the same time the war was running hot and uncle Sam began to Draft for men in the army. I expected my name would be called at any time but it was not. If I had wanted get rid of my wife and Baby I had lots of chances. Go to the army you see--the war helped out many a Divorce case. The men went to war and to Hell. General Sherman said war was Hell. War is hatched in Hell.
    Time ran on and we made money and stuff was accumulating around us. The more we got the less salvation we had. We were tending the Methodist Church House but few of them had salvation--more Methodist than Christ or Salvation--Masonry kept creeping in on all sides and as masonry come in Christ went out.
    March 7th 1865 our second Child was Born, Edward Nelson a Boy. Then I began to look ahead for a happy time with my little family--and still getting further away from God. Run on up to the 19 of April 1867 and we lost Edward Nelson. His decease was Spinal Meningitis. It was an awful disease to die with. When we lost him we lost all. It just appeared as though I would go into the ground at every step. No Boy--no Christ--no Salvation--no hope--all gone--what an awful place to be in. I could not say I can meet my Boy up yonder. For weeks after his death I was in a dark despair. But as I began to look up the light began to come back to me and I begin to see myself in a different light. The Lord giveth and the Lord taketh away--of such is the Kingdom of heaven. I got back to my Redeemer and I was a new man. The love of Jesus begin to flow into my Soul as I would Consecrate my all to Him.  
    We had many doctor Bills to pay not knowing the doctor was a humbug. Next Born a girl Addie Leona July 9, 1867--a sweet little Child. She was with us one year one month 9 days--died August 18, 1868--another plant in heaven. Next come to us was James Warren. I did not know how it would go with him. I just consecrated him to the Lord. He never was very robust. Next Born Mary Mina October 19, 1870. My affection went after this child more than any other. She appeared to be my angel. Her love for me was great. She hugged me when dying. She was only with us one year eight month and eight days. I believe the child knew she was going to die. I have faith she is in the upper school and when I see her I will know her.
    Next Born John Alexander named after his Grand Father Ashbaugh--Born April 10, 1874. He was a Boy Religiously inclined--ah me that is the kind the devil wants. The devil is only after those that are after Christ. All that I can do is to consecrate him to God.
    Next Born Dowd Branwell June 27, 1878--one that takes after his mother's side of the House. He is his mother's Boy.
    Next Born Eldred E. Oh so small, never was well. He was with us two months and 13 days. Born December 2 and died February 15th 1883. These four that have died are lain in the Iowa Winfield cemetery--on the sunny slope. I often wish I could be there of the morning of the Resurrection and go up with my little ones to meet the Lord in the air. My children are no better than other Children--all are Christ's and it is our Privilege to live to meet them in Heaven.
    1874--9th day of July 1874 was a grand day to me. The Holy Ghost came and cleaned up the soul. A soul without spot is grand to have. I came to the Lord and we reasoned together and He made me white as snow--Isaiah 1, 18. By faith I saw the stream. I Plunge and oh it Cleanseth me. Hallelujah. Some say Feeling is not in Christ's Religion. It is all Feeling. You take hold of the Battery by faith and you won't know that you are in connection with the battery if you did not get the shock. It is faith that brings us up to a point that God can use the Holy Ghost on us and when he comes he lets us know the trials of a religious life are wonderful.  
    Satan is only after those that are after Christ. He comes in many forms--sometimes as an angel of light. Hell is full of make believe--full of sects and Divisions. The work of the Beast is on all sides. Sect is Beastly. Man wants to rule even those that claim to be saved. The devil has his men all ready to rule so called Religious Bodies--or Political--all the same. How men love to Rule instead of letting Christ rule in their hearts. It is hard to find out the ways of God with the devil and all his Imps working right the reverse to God's words and Precepts.
    When first converted to Christ and his religion I went in to a sect called Methodist. I soon saw there were two Powers at work in that sect. Then wife and I drifted into the Free Methodist sect and the Beast was there all the same. Beastly power to rule. Then I began to study the New testament and to my amazement I never found where one man was to rule over another man in religious matters. They all admit that Christ is the head of his Church and that is so, for he is the head of his Church. Has Christ a chance to rule in this sectarian araingment. No, no, no. Is it Christ that places his members in his Church. Yes. The devil has upset many. He tried his hand on Christ and Christ came off more than conquer. Praise his name. And if we are in Christ we are safe and we are not safe without--even if we are one of a sect.  
    The point with me for a long time how are we Baptized into Christ. No other way but by the Holy Ghost. Jesus said John truly Baptized with water, but ye shall be Baptized with the Holy Ghost not many days hence. A new dispensation was to set in--Pentecost. We hear of Peter trying to make an apostle for to fill Judas' Place before Pentecost. The Ruling power was visible even in Peter's days. And the wall of the city had twelve foundations and in them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb. I would like to know their names. Question was Paul one of them. It will not do to do business for God without the Holy Ghost Acts 1st-15. The question comes to me are we to give up and take John's Baptism or shall we take the one that comes after John and let him Baptize us with the Holy Ghost and with fire. The word is too plain for me to give it up as John's Baptism. For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body--1st Corinthians-12-13. Why should I throw away my experience and his word and why not have an Experience in divine things.  
    Wife and I used to think that secret societies were of the devil and I think so as yet. It is strange to think how some folks' mind do change. Masonry and Oddfellows are now all right even with ministers and that to usurp Jesus Christ. Take away his Baptism. Jesus Christ in his own Church He does his own Baptizing.  
    Every plant which my heavenly Father hath not Planted shall be Rooted up. Let them alone. They be blind leaders of the Blind. Both shall fall into the ditch. Ephraim is joined to Idols. Let him alone. Mason Preachers have their Idols. How can I love Masonry--and still I must love a mason--poor deluded man--I will love him for Jesus' sake. Jesus died for all and he may save a mason.
    Oh how my family is Divided. Who is to blame. May the Lord help my poor soul. I will say to my Children Jesus and him only can save. Jesus and Him crucified. He was stripped and nailed to the Cross. Died on the cross--rose again by the power of God--then he will raise us up by the same Power. I will not doubt. I love the way. [John continues to decry sectarianism]
    [1890]--We sold out in old Henry County, Iowa in 1890. Chartered a car for Portland, Oregon. Took on three Horses, two cows--two sows and one male Hog--three dozen chickens besides kitchen and Household Furniture. John went with me in this car. Ma and Dowd went by rail by the way of Alliance, Nebraska to Portland, Oregon. There we met and on loaded our car and moved out to Battle Ground. Bought 160 acres of timber and stumps and went in to clearing up land. Had two hired hands besides John and Dowd Mickey for two years. And the fires never went out in that time--winter and summer. What a fool a man is. I had not been there one year before I saw I was sold and badly sold. Those fir stumps are a Tiresomeness even to look at. It is just awful to think of clearing up a farm out here in the West Coast. Mud up to the knees three or four months in the year. The lack of good Roads are a detriment to this Country. The frost runs in streaks. It is according to the way the wind is Blowing. It makes it uncertain about fruit bearing.  
    In 1908 we sold out our Battle Ground farm to McRunnels and moved to Vancouver, Wash. Bought out J. W. Studer all of lot eleven (11) in Block four (4) in Prospect Park and also lot twelve (12) Block [illegible] . We live on lot 12. The lot eleven (11) is vacant as yet.
    Vancouver lacks being an Ideal town. The Commercial Club is a deteriorate [detriment?] to Vancouver. They work to their own interest and not to the People's. The same is the City Council. They are all in on the same grab for self. It is too Bad. Eminent Domain is another graft of the devil. 50 dollars for higher ground. If I was living on a low piece of ground and I would raise my house and fill in around with dirt the City would charge me up with a benefit of 50 dollars (see). If I pay out my own money for the raising of my house and filling in around I be a fool to pay the city extra. Such is life in a city. One man was not made to rule over another--nor a set of men.

1912                      
    Shut shut the door good John: fatigued I said
    Tie up the Knocker. Say I'm sick I'm dead
    Not so my good Susan: say I'm weak in the flesh.
    Paul said when I am weak: then am I strong: He comes with a flash.
   
    Jesus is coming. He comes to make us strong.
    Let not your hearts be troubled.
    Ye believe in God. Believe also in me.    
    I am come to receive you unto myself.
   
    Jesus said to Martha
    Whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die.
    Praise God for the resurrection Power and that is
    Jesus shall never die no never.
   
    Don't say Shut the door John--nor tie up the Knocker.
    He is coming. It won't be long. I hear his footstep.
    Don't you see his star--the light is shining.
    The Earth is sinking and I am rising.
   
    Open the door John and let the good Angels come in.
    I see his chariot wheels. He's coming Hallelujah.
    Swing wide the gates John. I have left the Fatigue
    Sickness and death behind.
   
    Justified I--my soul mounts higher with the moon under my feet.
    My Jesus I see and the mansions in sight.
    The world is on fire and I am going higher.
    There is the Father and Jesus--Abraham--Isaac and Jacob on his right hand.
   
    The 4 Gates are wide open. The River is past.
    The fruits are Ripe and River of life with its Pure waters flow.
    Father is Rich and I am a joint heir with Christ.
    Well Hallelujah. I am in a sea of Bliss with all my kin Folks--we are all one in Christ.
   
[John continues describing his own Resurrection Day] 
    Oct. 1st 1912--Vancouver Wash. At this time there is great Preparation being made to down the saloons and Catholicism. The so called Churches have consolidated and have Built a big Tabernacle on 13 st. of Vancouver and got some Big caliber guns to Bombard the whole shebang. If they done anything toward the will of God I failed to see it. Sect Churches cannot unite in God. It is possible for Christians to unite in God Because Jesus prayed that his People might be one. 17 of John 21 verse that they may be one: as Thou Father art in me and I in thee that they also may be one in us: that the world may believe that thou has sent me. I claim that real Holy Ghost people are already united in God if they have been Baptized by the Holy Ghost they are all one in Christ. [more of the same]
    Sold my farm in Iowa Henry County mid-prairie. Moved to Battle Ground, Washington. Bought 160 acres of timber land and went into hard work. What a fool I was. Battle Ground is 16 miles North East of Vancouver. I found the place overrun by grange Halls and they ran into dance Halls with a very little work of the devil. [more about the problems of sects versus the true God] .
    I can't see as I ever done any good in around Battle Ground. It was hard work and no pay. And still my heart runs out to many around that Place. I have Boys there. I have friends there--the Lord Bless them is my Prayer.
    To get here from Iowa I chartered a car and loaded it in Morning Sun, Iowa. Took out three Brood mares, 2 Cows, three hogs, one male hog, 2 dozen chickens, 1 dog and my Boy John A. Mickey with all the old furniture the car would hold. Wife said to me she would not go without I took her Furniture. So we have some of our old Furniture as yet. When my car got to Portland I wanted it run on up in Medford, Oregon. The south line would not take a northern car without I would unload and put my stuff in a southern car. If I had stayed in Portland it might have been Better.
    Our trip out, 1890--As I said we started from Morning Sun, Iowa. Had a Northern Pacific Car ran up through Minneapolis. There we were side track till the company could put on some red tape. There I had to get a ticket for John and him have permission to ride in the car with me with the cows and horses. Next time we stopped over at Bismark lay over for some cause. Thence on to Cordelane [Coeur d'Alene] Lake. There we were side tracked for two days thence on to Spokane. There we were side tracked and the tramps almost got possession of us. I called on the Police and they scattered on. Keep your Eye on Pasco was all the go. Thence on through north Yakima thence on to a station in the woods. Then we got in a train wreck. Nine cars ahead of mine were wrecked. The car next to mine was loaded with Hops that let my car off lightly. My crazy bone was dislocated. It was sore for a long time. Thence on through the Big Tunnel in the mountains. Thence down to [Pasco?]. There we lay over one day. Thence on to the Big Columbia River. There our cars were run on to a Big ferry Boat and crossed the River thence on to Portland, Oregon. What a time we had. The reason I sold out in Iowa I had the Grippe and it settled in my head and my head was out of Balance and I can't tell if I am righted up as yet. There has been a ringing in my head ever since the 1899 La Grippe.
    1912 Oct 1st--My trip Back to Iowa. James and I got our tickets for Chicago $72.50 round trip. From Vancouver to Spokane north Bank Railroad. Visited the city five hours. Saw the greater part of the city. The falls on the River quite a scenery. We took the street car and ran south upon the height. The air was pure and we could see away north. Took the Great Northern up to Rexford thence on to Shelby thence Great Falls--thence Billings--Edgemont--Alliance, Nebraska--Grand Island--Lincoln--Plattsmouth--Burlington and Chicago. Burlington looked quite natural the same old Jefferson street and the Hawkeye [crest?] up where the Hodges were hung [Rands?] lumber yard. I was helping my Father hauling oats. We had two Wagons and as we were going down Jefferson street I ran onto a stump, that was in 1842. Oats were worth eight cents per Bushel then.  
    We found Chicago away up twenty stories high. When I was there in fifty-nine she ran from a story to five stories high and the Lake was part of the town. We were up there on the thirteenth of October 1912 and that night the wind came up with Rain and thunder. I expected to hear of them tall Buildings Lying on top of some of those lesser Buildings and the wind a howling and the thunder Roaring and it seemed something would happen. Just in the worst of it here comes the voice of Clyde B. Hayes from away up in the Balcony calling off train departures. What a mixture of sounds. It would make a man think some menagerie had broken loose. Oh my what a hayseed man gets into. All that noise just upset me and I came away. Took the cars back to Burlington, Iowa. Next morning the Hawkeye paper showed up thirteen accidents in Chicago four deaths and some with legs and arms broken. Such is life.
    Next morning I ran up to Morning Sun. Morning Sun has come to a standstill, the weeds and rubbish are taking the town. The old Schenk Block Burnt down ashes to ashes. Parts of the old Virginia Grove look natural. The old timber all cut off and the brush Burnt up. Sowed in Blue Grass. The squirrels have left the timber and gone out on the Farms and farm houses. They have gone into small towns and gnawed into Church houses. I took a look over my Father's old home place. The Meadow Brook the Spring Branch with its many crooks the old oak tree where it used to be. The Elm the maple the walnut the best of all the Sugar tree. The sugar camp, Oh my that was when I was a Boy. Then there were the Wild turkeys the [quails?] the Prairie Chickens--the Deer and the Rabbits--the Raccoon and the Opossum--the skunk with his beautiful tail--all these were on my Father's farm when I was a Boy.
    From there I went out to see my only sister Eighty years old. We found her very sick not able to get up out of bed. The Doctors are very skillful nowadays. My sister had a nice big farm and there the Doctor was holding my sister down at three Dollars per day by his narcotics. The same with a nephew of mine. The Doctor Doctored him twelve years before he died. From my sister's I went over to my old Prairie farm. I had planted out all kinds of trees fir spruce pine walnut cedar and maple and osage hedge. But when we were back there they were pulling up the hedge with a big Donkey Engine and putting in platted wire fence. Old hedges came too expensive to keep up. The corn crop was immense. For all that Iowa has no charms for me. Winfield Town has grown nicely. Things looked as though people were alive. Plenty of money. The almighty Dollar is their god as it looked. If I would say it was their idol it would be too bad. The Book says without are idolators. The love of money is the Root of all Evil.    
    I was somewhat disappointed in my visit some places as I swung round from place to place and still I met many dear friends--warm and full of love--those had the Holy Ghost and a love for their fellow creatures--love for God and his cause. The next day after we landed at my sister's her son-in-law died. He married my sister's oldest Daughter Alice Dryden. When I got to my nephew's he was past knowing me. But as I was trying to console his wife and showing up the plan of salvation and the love of God towards us and so on Ed looked up to me and said uncle John them are the very words I heard you say three days ago. And he began to praise the Lord. Then he called for his wife and bid her goodbye--then his Children. But one of the Boys refused to take his Father's hand. I saw a cloud pass over the Father's Brow. I said to Ed don't let this cheat you out of the Kingdom. You just give the Boy over to God. Then I turned to the Boy and said you are in God's hands just now. I said to my nephew goodbye then he died without a struggle and all was over. But as the funeral came round this same Boy was all broken up. And when the last look came the Boy fell on his knees by the side of the Coffin and implored for forgiveness. What a sight. The Boy had to be pulled away for the funeral to move on to Ed Munshower's resting spot. And as it is appointed unto men once to die--but after this the Judgment.
    At Ed's funeral it was a high day for me. All or nearly all of my old Sunday School Children were there but they were 22 years older and all had grown beyond my knowledge but they all seemed to know me. I praise God for the sight. Lots of times I wonder if I gave them the pure word of life. All my work shall be tried with fire--glory to God my faith takes hold of God that I will have some fruit that will stand the fire.
    James and I ran up to Fredonia, Pasdrf through Wapello the County seat of Louisa Co. Found my Brother Isaac Mickey's family at his wife's with all her family except Bamford. Isaac Mickey Grandsons were running a Button factory in Fredonia. Jess Mickey, Isaac's youngest Boy, Superintendent the factory. They make buttons out of mussel shells found down the Mississippi River Below New Orleans in Beds from 10 to 20 feet deep and 70 miles long 50 feet wide or more. Shiploads are shipped out of there. Fredonia is an old town. I was there in 1840 with three head of horses. My Father and Samuel Grubb were building a flat Boat there in the forks of the River at that time for a man by the name of Smith. He loaded her with corn for New Orleans. The Iowa and the Cedar Rivers Fork at Fredonia.
    Isaac's Wife Children and grand Children were there for dinner. They spread it on heavy, Beef--fish--fowl and many good things. Then we came back to my sister's and from there we went to Winfield, Iowa our old home town. Met many of our old friends. John Chrisinger and his Father. Casper Schenk and part of his family. Casper married a cousin of mine. Ed Hinkle the Beacon man Jerome Mullen Wm. Miller played together when very small Boys--Fred Lyman and family--Robert Davidson--John Anderson--Dan Mosley--the Crawfords and many more. Mrs. Goodspeed and some of her Grand Children. The old Church where I used to worship sold out and made in to a Theater--a Church dedicated to God yes yes so so. Paul says there will be a falling away yes. They have built a new so-called Church but the squirrels has taken possession of it--gnawed through the gable. There they lay up for the winter. The Church hibernates more or less.
    I hired an automobile and ran down into Des Moines County where my grandfather Wasson used to live. He moved out there in 1833--my mother's Father and Mother. I went to the old Miller grave yard. There I saw many graves but something seemed to say to me my mother was not there. Then I got up and began to think my Mother was a strong Believer in the Son of the living God. She had certainly wended her way to heaven and Jesus had gone on to Prepare a Place for her. [a discussion of the promise of the Resurrection] No Mother is not in the grave. She has been Resurrected.
    I visited some of my Cousins. They seem to be uninterested in the next world and they don't seem to know they have a soul and that there is a God or savior Jesus. Then we came on out to my Brother's T. C. Mickey. He lives in Macedonia, Iowa. As it were I had no visit with him. He said there is no God and that Jesus was a snide and an impostor. How could I enjoy such talk. He got mad and could not sit still. It was just awful--when Jesus is so real to me and the Holy Ghost was causing the love of God to be Burning in my soul. I know yes I know I hear his voice in my heart.
    The world is getting awful for wickedness. James and I saw theft happen in Lincoln of Nebraska. The trap was a Burlington car. We changed cars in Lincoln. After night the thieves jammed the Passage or hallway of the car and then climbed over the Passengers and the Passengers came out minus of watch and money or any valuable. One man lost all his money his watch and a ticket back to new Boston. And it was all done up in three minutes time. And no one to call to. Railroad hands were all in it, no doubt with them. Too bad to be led into such traps. Those thieves got on the cars at Billings--three men and two women--so I was told by a Railroad detective. Now when a Rail Road detective sees those thieves on his train he goes to them and tells them they must behave themselves while he is on all right. Oh how rotten. So the detective is in with the thieves also. I believe God gives me Power and grace to read the Character of some men--for as soon as those thieves came in the car I said to my Boy James keep your Eye open on them chaps they are no good. Then two women could be read by the same rule. They came in and sat down just behind us and let on to be strangers. They commenced getting acquainted. One said she would have to change cars at Lincoln. The other was on her way to St. Louis. One asked the other if she was married. She said no. Then the other said what kind of a man would you want--O a medium size dark hair describing James exactly. James never looked around. It is singular what Men and Women will do. Beings Created after God's own Being. There is a place where such People don't inhabit. Christ says lay up for yourselves treasure in heaven where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt and where thieves do not Break through nor steal.
    1917 April 20--Today is the 83rd year of my Pilgrimage. It seems but a short time since I was a Boy around my Mother's Door and in the garden of the Eden of my life. But as I grow older and the outward man perish yet the inward man is renewed day by day. I am coming back to my Childhood Days.
    [This final entry continues for another two pages in which John describes his joyful faith in God.]

Last revised March 13, 2024