GENTLEMEN:--After this long silence, I proceed to improve the passing moment by giving you a few items in relation to the Coos Bay enterprise.
    Two years have passed since first I found my way into this new region. A year and a half ago I told you of its existence, and of the progress I had then made in its exploration. The Bay was here then--the stone coal was here--the white cedar timber was here--and the gold was here. But the resources of nature, like the marble in the quarry, lay dormant. The wild savage was the lord of the soil and the sea, and the white man was as unknowing to the place as its natives were to him. The scene is now changed. Five miles from the mouth of the Bay Empire City is located, and before its wharf vessels are lying, discharging their freight and receiving their lading. Small boats are plying from it to all parts of the Bay, and pack trains and wagons are loading at it with supplies for the gold diggings, which are only a few miles off. In a word, we have here a city which already presents the appearance of an active seaport town.
    You will recollect that I told you in a few years all this would come to pass. You then doubted it, and so did many others. When raising and forming Coos Bay Company, at Jacksonville last spring, I stated the same. I told them that all these resources were here, and I showed them specimens. They believed it only in part. I told them what would be the result of a settlement here; but they doubled my predictions. Yet they tried the experiment, and the result has exceeded the expectations of all. Indeed, the Coos Bay and Coquille country present at present the most fruitful field of enterprise anywhere to be found on our great western border. The Bay is large and beautiful--the climate is salubrious--the soil unusually productive--its resources for superior white cedar timber, and for stone coal of excellent quality are unsurpassed--while it is here that the northern extremity of the California and Rogue's River coarse gold range terminates. As a mining region there is, in our opinion, no field in which the laborer is at once so richly rewarded for his toil, so comfortably situated, and so readily and cheaply furnished with supplies, as in the Coos Bay Diggings.
Shasta Courier, March 4, 1854, page 2


Editor of the Umpqua Gazette:
    DEAR SIR: Observing from the last number of the Gazette that not one of the Coos boys have come forward to tender their services in rendering you some account of what is now doing or likely to done at the Bay, I believe that I must endeavor to do so myself, craving at the same time your indulgence for a correspondent not accustomed to write.
    As some idea of the different routes from hence to the mines may interest both yourself and your readers, some of whom may probably wish to travel this way, I believe I cannot do better than give a sketch, although a rough one, of a trip I lately made by one of those routes to the Coquille, and from thence to Randolph and Coos by another of them.
    Towards the end of April, I started from Empire City up the Bay, in company with a friend; and in going along we did not fail to keep our eyes open. At the distance of six miles from Empire City, we reached a coal mine, on a claim owned by Mr. Lockhart. This mine has been opened, and lately supplied thirty tons of coal to the schooner Cynosure, now at the entrance of the Bay; but has been since abandoned, at least for the present, by the miners, who are now at work in Mr. Marple's mine, below the city, getting out coal for the steamer Crescent City.
    From the coal mine we proceeded up to Mr. Tolman's residence, where we passed the night, and were most hospitably entertained by that gentleman and his lady. I consider that claim the head of navigation for sailing vessels or for steamers of any size; and being sheltered from the strong N.W. winds that generally prevail at Coos during the summer, I conceive it to be a good site for a town; and understanding that Mr. Tolman designs to make it one, I wish him every success in his undertaking.
    From Marshfield, the name of Mr. Tolman's town, we proceeded next morning twelve miles further, which brought us to the Isthmus, or Panama, as it is styled. The channel from Marshfield to Panama is both narrow and intricate, but I believe navigable by such a boat as the Washington. At Panama we were entertained with the greatest hospitality, by our friend and fellow traveler, Mr. Carter, who fed us on bar meat, which I enjoyed exceedingly, and could not help saying--"Life in the woods for me." Mr. Carter is one of the boys whose tent is always open to friends and travelers, and the only remuneration I could make him for his kindness was to assure him of a warm reception when he visited Empire City.
    From Mr.Carter's, who, by the by, holds the claim at Panama, we walked across the Isthmus next morning; a mile and a half, and reached the head of a slough leading down to the Coquille River, and about four miles in length. In passing through this slough, which we did in a good boat, called the Kate Noble, we encountered many obstacles in the way of brush and overhanging bushes, so that we had to keep a sharp lookout for our eyes; and we also met with frequent obstructions in the shape of beaver dams, which, notwithstanding our respect for the industry of these little animals, we were obliged to demolish before we could pass. I could not help being struck with the industrious habits of these four-legged animals, from whose example I think the two-legged ones might sometimes take a useful hint. In the space of one night, the beavers in this slough will repair all damage caused by the ruthless hand of man; so that they must either be very industrious, or their name is legion.
    On arriving at the mouth of the slough, the Coquille opened to our view. We immediately engaged a canoe and descended the river to its mouth; and a more beautiful river, or one better fitted for steam navigation, I have not yet seen in Oregon. I am informed, also, that for twenty-five miles further up, that is to the forks, it is exactly the same. From the slough to the mouth is called twenty-five miles. On arriving at the mouth of the Coquille, we slept there, and next morning examined the entrance, which I consider impracticable for sailing vessels; but I doubt not but that in calm weather a small steamer might enter with safety--always, of course, choosing the proper time and tide. From the mouth, or a little above it, we were ferried over the next morning, and traveled along the beach to Randolph. During this walk, and on nearing Randolph, we had an opportunity of examining the mines, and the men at work in them. From what I have seen and learned there, I am of opinion that a considerable quantity of gold will be produced there during the summer; but the produce will principally be derived from a few claims--the scarcity of water rendering many otherwise valuable claims almost if not entirely useless.
    On arriving at Randolph, we were much pleased on two accounts--the appearance of the city, and its situation, which is really pretty; but our greatest reason to be satisfied was with the idea that our journey, for that day at least, was at an end--as however romantic it may appear to walk along the beach, the feet appear not to go into that idea at all.
    We remained one night at Randolph, where we met with every kindness from Major Ball and Mr. Conolly. The latter of these gentlemen keeps a hotel, which certainly does honor to a place of such recent growth as Randolph, and might even make places of far longer standing bow their heads and acknowledge the corn--as witness Scottsburg.
    From Randolph, we started next morning for Coos, mounted on a couple of horses furnished by the kindness of Major Ball, and took the mule trail, which I must say is a rascally road for the first half of the distance from Randolph, and made both ourselves and horses groan during the performance. At the same time I give full credit to the Coos Bay Company, to whom, I understand, belongs the honor of first projecting and carrying out this route, and which must have been some expense. We reached Empire City in the evening, so thoroughly tired out that I only managed with difficulty to descend from the saddle.
    I have now, Mr. Editor, given you my views from personal experience of two routes from Empire City or Coos Bay to the coast or Randolph mines, and of the two I greatly prefer the route via Panama and the slough, notwithstanding the beaver dams and other obstructions. The company here have lately commenced building a wharf, which seems to be going ahead; and at Marple's coal mine work also seems to move along--at all events, they have the right sort of men at work there to dig and produce coal, if it is to be found in the bowels of Coos Bay; and from what I have myself observed, I begin to believe that it may yet be forthcoming.
Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, Oregon, May 12, 1854, page 2


To the Editor of the Umpqua Gazette:
    SIR: Should all the citizens of Southern Oregon form the same opinion of your enterprise and exertions, displayed in your first number, they will, as I now do, congratulate you on its appearance; and without flattery, of which I am never guilty, I think you deserve great praise for your items of local, and selection from foreign news contained in that number, making due allowance for not yet having yet had time to regulate your exchanges. The printer and his deed are also entitled to their full quantum of praise.
    I had long ago adopted your own motto, as expressed to your subscribers, Liberality and Justice to all parties, both as regards politics and locations; and I had also formed the same opinion of farmers; so that we seem to have jumped to the same conclusions. Farmers are undoubtedly the bone and marrow of Oregon; but at the same time they must be liberal, in order to keep up with the times; and be so not only in patronizing the Gazette, but also in allowing us poor merchants to suck a little of their marrow, especially when we sell cheap. With such sentiments, Mr. Editor, as I have just endeavored to express, you will find, I believe, that all my communications will savor more or less of Liberality and Justice.
    I am glad to observe that the citizens of Scottsburg are pushing along their wagon road, which, in my opinion, cannot fail to reward their exertions, and remunerate them and settlers for the expenses incurred in carrying it into effect. Every public road made, or every public road improved, I look upon as a benefit to Oregon in general, and to take a more just and expansive view of the matter, even to great Uncle Sam himself; and if he is now entitled to the appellation of great, which he assuredly is, he may thank the enterprise of his citizens for it.
    It pleases me greatly to see things move ahead on the Pacific Coast, and I think Coos Bay well deserving of notice. There is now here an extensive wharf in progress of erection, several stores are going up, and coal is being taken out; so that a brisk trade is only wanting to show that the Coos Bay people are prepared to do business.
    Randolph is also worthy of notice in your paper. It has grown up like a mushroom, so rapid has been its rise; and I trust it may have a much longer duration. Little & Co. have opened a saloon there lately that would not disgrace even San Francisco.
    It strikes me that the Scottsburg and Coos Bay citizens should unite in procuring an Indian to carry an express to and from the mouth of the Umpqua, in order to receive and forward letters and papers regularly, as here we have now Monday, and still no appearance of the Gazette, nor of our letters by last Friday's mail. I shall cheerfully contribute my mite towards such an arrangement, and I believe it will prove of great benefit both to yourself and readers.
    Wishing you, Mr. Editor, every success in your praiseworthy undertaking, I am
Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, Oregon, May 12, 1854, page 2


    FRIEND BUSH:--There passed over this place last week one of the most terrific storms, accompanied by thunder and lightning, that was ever known on this coast. The brig S. R. Jackson, lying at anchor near the mouth of the bay, waiting an opportunity to go to sea, was struck by lightning, and her mainmast completely destroyed, the [electrical] fluid passing through the deck, entering the cabin, displacing chairs and tables, tearing off the side of a berth, and shivering the steps of the companionway to atoms. It then entered the hold of the vessel, destroyed in its course some hundred bushels of potatoes, and passed through the side above water.
    The most remarkable fact is that no one was hurt or affected in the slightest manner, except the captain, and he only feeling a jar and a slight numbness for a few minutes. One of the passengers who had retired had a bottle of gin under his head, which was broken without his being aware how it was done. There were eight or ten persons on board at the time. A portion of the mast, in falling, pierced the deck of the cabin some two feet, yet no one was hurt. The gaff-topsail was pierced through and through by the lightning, and looked as though it had been eaten by the rats. The damage done is estimated at eight hundred or one thousand dollars. She was obliged to put back for repairs. There was a tree struck in town during the same storm, without doing any particular damage. On the other side of the bay from here, the scow used for the ferry was moored with a rope cable; it was found on this side next day, all stove in pieces. How it was so completely broken up in one night, unless struck by lightning, is hard to conjecture.
    The present winter thus far is said to be [the] most unpleasant ever known here. Snow fell in sufficient quantity to cover the ground, for.the first time this season, last night; it remains still, and more is occasionally falling. The thermometer stands tonight at 36--six [sic] degrees above the freezing point. This place is at present quite dull, owing in some measure to many being gone to the new mines, and waiting there for the waters to run down, when all expect to do well. I think, from what I can learn, there can be no doubt but they will meet with good success; all that have visited the mines speak highly of them; they are distant from here about two days travel.
    There are a few way down here in Coos that regret very much the impossibility of being with the Democracy at Salem on the 8th. Distance and bad weather must be our excuse. Consider us there in spirit and feeling; we have just heard down here that Mr. Buchanan is elected. The true lovers of the Union as it is are much rejoiced at the result. Yours, truly,
Oregon Statesman, Salem, January 20, 1857, page 2


    COOS COUNTY.--From a letter published in the Advocate we obtain the following in regard to Coos County:
    Empire City is a pretty little seaport town, situated on the south side of Coos Bay, about four miles east of its mouth. It is quite a thriving town; has three stores, two saloons, and three hotels. The county of which Empire City is the county seat consists of Coos River Valley, which is settled twelve miles above its mouth, and Coquille River Valley, which is settled for seventy miles from where the river empties into the ocean. There are two large saw mills on the bay, which employ from twenty-five to thirty hands each, besides many who are employed in rafting and cutting logs to supply the mills. The two valleys alluded to are being settled up fast and the large trees are made to feel the woodman's ax, that room may be made for the cultivation of the rich soil. Randolph is another place of some importance. It is situated near the mouth of the Coquille River. There are some good mines here. There is a report that new diggings have been discovered near by, but I shall not place implicit confidence in it until confirmed by more thorough investigation. The Coquille River is navigated by one small vessel, of forty tons, and it is reported that another will be put on, to ply between its mouth and San Francisco, next summer.
Oregon City Enterprise, April 6, 1867, page 1


    COOS BAY.--We quote the following from a letter from Coos Bay, dated July 12th: "Coos Bay is about fourteen miles long by one and a half to two and a half miles wide. The main bay lies northeast and southwest, with an elbow in the upper bay running north and south. At its mouth the United States have established a lighthouse, with a fine light of the second class. The bar at the entrance has from fourteen to sixteen feet of water at high tide, enabling vessels of a large class to enter. At the head of the bay Coos River comes in. which extends inland some twenty-five miles, affording fine bottoms for farms. On the south shore of the bay, four miles from the ocean, Empire City is situated, which contains Captain Luse's fine steam lumber mill with sufficient capacity for turning out fifteen or twenty thousand feet of lumber per day. It also contains three stories, three hotels, a line schoolhouse, public hall for the Good Templars of which they have a thriving lodge two organized churches, etc. Empire is also the county seat of Coos County, with the county officers all in a prosperous condition. Business is quite brisk here, with a demand for more laborers. Nearly opposite the town a new company have recently started a fishery. Further up the Bay four miles around the Elbow, in a sheltered place from the winds of winter, is the thriving point called North Bend, owned and built by Capt. A. M. Simpson, who runs a fine mill with the capacity of thirty to forty M. feet per day. The Captain also runs his lumber in his own vessels, of which he has four and another nearly completed, which is the largest sail vessel ever built on the Pacific Coast. Four miles above North Bend Mr. Bushbecker is building a new mill which is to cut twenty M. feet per day. The latter place is named Marshfield, near which the coal mines are located, from which they ship six hundred tons per month to S.F., making in all quite a large show of shipping from Coos Bay. At the three points named they employ seven vessels constantly, ranging from two hundred to three hundred tons burden, and one huge steam tug for towing vessels in. Two more tugs are to be built on this Bay this summer, and another vessel. Coos Bay coal seems to be abundant everywhere in the divide between Empire City and the Coquille; yet mostly undeveloped for want of capital and labor. Lumbering and coal mining, and indeed all the industrial enterprises of Coos Bay, are yet in their infancy. Time and energy will bring forth and garner her hidden resources.
Oregon City Enterprise, July 27, 1867, page 2


    ED. STATESMAN.--As I seldom perceive any communications in your excellent paper from this place, I propose giving the numerous readers of the Statesman an occasional view of matters and things on Coos Bay.
    Some time ago a report reached this place that numerous persons upon the Bay, and identified with the lumbering interests, had been presented before the U.S. grand jury for the crime of cutting timber on government lands. As regards the probability and the truth of this allegation, nothing definite is known by your correspondent; yet, in view of all the facts connected with the manufacture of lumber on the Bay, and the timber taken from government or unsurveyed lands, ungracious and unjust would be the jury or court that would procure the conviction of persons so situated, for numerous reasons, a few of which I hope you will allow me space to mention. Universally, since the settlement of our frontier territories was commenced, the most liberal inducements and friendly aid have been afforded and pledged by the government. Coos Bay was settled by a band of hardy pioneers, at an early day in the history of Oregon. There is but a small portion of tillable land included within the limits of the county, and the immense forests of timber afforded many facilities for the manufacture of lumber, and persons became therefore necessarily engaged therein, and some of them, by hard labor and incessant toil, have secured quite a competency. Every effort they could devise to have the lands surveyed and brought into market they have not failed to employ. Petition after petition have been sent to the heads of department praying for a survey of these lands, but they have been unheeded. These persons are willing and ready to pay a reasonable price for the lands and the timber thereon; and now, to indite, prosecute and embarrass them is not only unjust and reprehensible, but villainous and mean. The annual fires raging in these forests destroy more timber in one day than the mills can or have manufactured since their commencement. Such is a limited view of this matter, which interests and involves many of the "hardy sons of toil" known as "the loggers."
    The schooner Alaska, Capt. Godfrey, was wrecked on the 30th day of November last, while trying to get out over the Coquille River bar. The cargo consisted of lumber, which, with the vessel, will prove a total loss. The wreck was sold at auction, and purchased by the Johnson Bros. for a nominal sum.
    The health of Dr. Herman continues in a precarious condition, and his many friends and acquaintances are much alarmed for his recovery. He certainly has their earnest sympathies in his prolonged suffering. Favorable reports continue to come from the gold mines on the coast. Some persons of Empire City are interested in them to a large amount, among whom I may mention Mr. T. G. Sockart, Mr. A. Moody, our efficient Sheriff, and Mr. H. Wyckoff, our County Treasurer.
    The Independent Order of Odd Fellows have a flourishing lodge in Empire City, which was organized some time in August last with eight members, and now numbers near fifty. The Masons have a lodge just organized at Marshfield, some eight miles from this place.
    The weather continues fine up to date.
Oregon Statesman, Salem, December 17, 1869, page 2


    ED. SENTINEL:--A few items from our coast may perhaps add interest to your paper; if so, you are welcome to the following:
    Coos Bay is a beautiful sheet of water, situated in Coos County, Oregon, about twenty miles long and one mile wide. The bar, at the mouth of the Bay, is considered very good for vessels drawing twelve to fourteen feet of water. The lumbering business is carried on to a considerable extent, there being three large saw mills in full operation, one at Marshfield, one at North Bend, and one at Empire City. Last week fifteen vessels crossed the bar, loaded with lumber and coal, bound for San Francisco and San Diego, Cal. On the 17th inst., the brig Ida C. Rogers was wrecked, while entering this harbor. Owing to the thick fog the captain of the tug boat Fearless, who had her in tow, could not see the channel. The Fearless also came very near being wrecked, and would have been, had she not received assistance from the tug Escort, which, in answer to the sign of distress, hastened to relieve her. The Ida C. Rogers sank in thirty feet of water, just inside the Bar, with several tons of merchandise belonging to Messrs. Flanagan & Mann, owners of the Eastport coal mines. The vessel went down so quick that the crew had barely time to launch their lifeboat. They were all saved, but lost all their clothing, &c.
    Dr. Herman, an old and highly respected citizen of this county, died on the 16th inst., at his residence on the Coquille River. The Doctor was respected as a good citizen, a skillful physician, and a kind neighbor; he is a great loss to his large family and to the people of this county.
    We are having a mild and pleasant winter here, and times are quite lively.
Empire City, Dec. 19th, 1870.
Stat.Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, January 1, 1870, page 2


    ED. STATESMAN:--The Scriptures informs us that where "little is given little is required." So in our case, where little transpires, but little news may be expected. The good people of Coos Bay were somewhat panic-stricken a few days since to see appear in our midst the U.S. District Attorney, Mr. Cartwright, and U.S. Marshal Young. Fears of warrants and arrests--visions of dungeons and prisons--hastily flitted across the public mind. But a genial smile and pleasant greetings soon dispelled the accumulating fears; and it is believed by the parties at present that a satisfactory arrangement of this affair concerning the taking of timber from the government lands can be had.
    The community of Empire City have been honored with a visit from Col. Craig, the "bilk." He soon commenced his confidence operations, representing himself as a physician, Confederate surgeon, missionary, &c. If the good people of Corvallis, Salem or Albany want a writ of arrest, now is a favorable opportunity, for officers are ready and willing.
    Empire City is improving very rapidly. Many substantial buildings are being erected; among others may be mentioned a town hall by A. C. Rogers, 32x60. Empire contains at present six hotels, four saloons, four dry goods stores, two drugstores, three law offices, and a number of fine dwellings. The Independent Order of Good Templars have a flourishing lodge of some sixty members. The second quarter of the district school under the supervision of Miss Annie West is near its close, and has been very acceptable to patrons generally. The weather is fine at present. More anon.
Oregon Statesman, Salem, January 28, 1870, page 2


    ED. STATESMAN:--Since writing my last, there has been a dearth of news items. The people are talking of the approaching election, and both political parties are marshaling and mustering their forces for the campaign. The Union Republican Party are confident of carrying Coos and Curry counties by increased majorities. The defunct, rotten, polluted carcass of Democracy will be totally demolished, and the putrid remains be scattered forever. The success of the administration of President Grant has lowered their topsails. The Union party is united, and will be as one man in the approaching canvass. The course of Oregon's noble Senator, Geo H. Williams, has given entire satisfaction to us, as well as to all other sections. Candidates are getting numerous as the convention approaches. Among those mentioned in connection with the nomination for joint representative with Curry are S. S. Mann, D. L. Watson, Esq., and others. Coos River precinct is the banner precinct in Coos County, as there is but one Democrat in a poll of nearly 50 votes. I lately had occasion to visit that part of the county, and was much struck with the great beauty of the country and fertility of the soil. Vegetables are produced upon Coos River, that for size, quality and quantity will successfully compete with any in the world. There are many fine locations on the river, and some beautiful dwellings; among others I may mention Martin Davis' and Hanson Rogers'. Mr. A. B. Colver has the mammoth orchard of Oregon, I think, containing over ten thousand large and bearing trees. Mr. Colver exports large quantities of fruit every year. The hearts of the good people are as large as their orchards and vegetable productions, as your correspondent can testify from the amiable and clever way in which they ministered to his wants. The young ladies, blooming and fair, made quite an impression upon my companion, who was an "unprotected youth from town," and upon the voyage homeward was somewhat "looney." After so much nonsense, Mr. Editor, I will add a few sundry items.
    On the 21st day of' the present month the bark Charles Devens, while going out over the bar, in tow of the Fearless, made a shear and struck upon a sand bank known as North Spit. The sea being rough, she was thrown with much violence against the bank, and all attempts to save her failed. She, with her cargo, consisting of lumber, will prove a total loss. The Charles Devens has quite a history. She was built in Newport, R.I., twenty-three years ago, and was the first vessel that ever made regular trips between San Francisco and Portland. After an eventful career and many narrow escapes, she now lies at the mercy of the waves, at the entrance of Coos Bay. The birthday of Washington was properly observed here; the flags were displayed from the town and vessels in the harbor, and in the evening a ball was given by A. C. Rogers, Esq. The lovers of fun seemed to enjoy themselves, and "tripped the light fantastic toe" until near morning. A splendid supper was prepared by mine host, Mr. Bushnell, and his amiable lady, which was duly appreciated by all, as well as your correspondent.
    The weather is rather stormy, and is unfavorable for shipping. More anon.
Oregon Statesman, Salem, March 11, 1870, page 2


    These counties, situated in the southwest part of the state, on the Pacific Ocean, are so nearly alike in their soil, climate, and general resources that the Committee have thought best to give a general description of both under the same head.
    The united area of these counties is 2,132,000 acres, their population about 1,300, and their united assessed property valuation $364,083. The estimated amount of land under cultivation is between five and six thousand acres.
    The following statement is made by Ex-Gov. A. C. Gibbs, who has traveled over the country, and is familiar with its character and resources:
    Curry County is the southwestern county in the state, and includes Cape Blanco, the most western point of land in Oregon, at which point a lighthouse is to be erected during the present year. The Pacific Ocean forms the western boundary of the county. This section is generally hilly and broken, and mostly covered with timber, though there is a number of very rich prairies and valleys. Some of the prairies extend for a number of miles up and down the cost, and are covered with a heavy growth of nutritious wild grass. There are other prairies further back. The soil is rich, even to the tons of the hills. The timber is fir, spruce, alder, oak, soft maple, and white and red cedar. The white cedar is the best finishing lumber to be found on the coast, and while it has been a leading article of export for twelve years or more, still the supply is abundant, though lumbermen have to go further back to obtain it. It is common to find a cedar tree extending over a hundred feet without a knot or limb. It finds a ready market in California, the Sandwich Islands, and even China. All kinds of grain (excepting corn), as well as vegetables, are adapted to this section. The moisture from the ocean renders this county, like all others west of the Coast Range of mountains, better adapted to grazing than the country in the interior of the state. There is also less rain in winter west of the Coast Range than there is between the coast Range and the Cascade Mountains. The weather is also milder in winter.
    Large bands cf elk are frequently seen. During the early settlement of the prairies along the coast, it was common to see twenty grazing together. Deer are still abundant.
    At the mouths of the Coquille and Rogue rivers are harbors that have been used by small vessels, to some extent. At Port Orford there is good anchorage, and a roadstead well protected, excepting from the southwest. This is the principal shipping port, and steamers frequently stop in on their way up and down the coast. Coal, copper, silver and gold are found at different places. Gold mining has been found remunerative in many places, principally however along the coast just above the summer tide line, or where the sea has receded, in the sand. These mines are inexhaustible, as the high tides and seas of winter bring a fresh supply of sand mixed with dust, for the coming summer's work. The copper mines and quartz ledges will be worked to advantage at some future day. Recent developments of quartz ledges are said to be very flattering. Considerable capital is required to work such mines successfully.
    Besides the rivers named, there are several smaller streams putting into the ocean, in all of which, in the spring and fall large quantities of the finest salmon may be easily caught. They are a staple article of export, and the business of exporting them will largely increase as the art of preserving them fresh in cans is better understood. Cod and other fish are also caught with hook and line at Port Orford. There are also banks near the mouth of Rogue River where codfish may be caught. Much of the timber country is easily cleared during the long, dry summers, thus the best of farms are made along the streams, even where there are no prairies. Bees have been imported, and do remarkable well, and the honey is better than that gathered on the large prairies in the interior.
    There is a road from Crescent City, California, up the coast to the mouth of Umpqua River; also from Port Orford back into the Umpqua Valley. Another leads from tide water on the Coquille River to Roseburg.
    Coos County.--All that has been said in relation to climate, soil, timber, and products of Curry County applies equally well to Coos, which bounds it on the north.
    Coos Bay is the leading seaport in Southern Oregon. Empire City, about four miles from its mouth, is the county seat. There is a number of steam saw mills on the bay, doing a large and thriving business.
    Spruce and other timber has been found of a superior quality for ship-building. A number of vessels have been built at Simpson's mills, and it is believed there is no other place in the United States where as good vessels can be built for less money. There are extensive coal fields very near the bay, which have been successfully worked for over ten years. The principal market tor coal is in San Francisco, where the Coos Bay coal is said to command a better price than any other found on the Pacific Coast. These extensive coal beds add greatly to the commercial interest of the bay, and wealth of the county.
    There are rich gold mines in the southern part of the county, and the indications of silver, copper, and iron are seen.
    Congress made a grant of land for the construction of a wagon road from tide water on Coos River to Roseburg, in Douglas County, and a joint stock company has begun the work. With this road completed, Coos Bay will command the trade of Umpqua and part of Rogue River valleys.
    A greater variety of fish is found in the bay than at any other place in the state. That fact, though not fully appreciated at present, adds greatly to the prospective wealth of the county.
    These two counties are distinguished for their living springs and streams of pure, cold water, and the general good health of the country. Those in search of either, need look no further.
The Weekly Enterprise, Oregon City, April 9, 1870, page 1


    ED. STATESMAN: Dear Sir--I will avail myself the present opportunity to inform the numerous readers of the Statesman of matters and things in Coos County generally. Politics are the all-absorbing theme, and as much capital has been manufactured by the unterrified Democracy out of certain transactions and actions of the Union Republican Party in this county, I propose giving you some account of this matter.
    The Republican County Convention met on the 26th day of March and nominated a county ticket for Coos County, and D. L. Watson for joint representative. There was much competition for the officers, and as a matter of course some dissatisfaction was expressed at the action of the convention. This, together with some local causes and prejudices, being brought to bear, the respective candidates for County Judge, Sheriff, Clerk, Commissioners, School Superintendent, resigned. A new convention was called to fill those vacancies, which met on the 23rd of April and proceeded to fill the vacancies. Our county ticket at present is as follows: Joint Representative D. S. Walton, of Empire City, a young man of ability, who will, if elected, faithfully and truly represent the people of Coos and Curry counties in advocating their interests and that of the Republican Party. Our candidate for County Judge is the Hon. S. S. Mann, who has been Judge for this county for eight years, and I venture to say a more just and eminently qualified individual is not to be found among the judges of the state. For Sheriff, we have A. J. Moody. of whom I need say no more than that he has been elected sheriff three successive times, and is again before the people by the spontaneous action of the convention. For Clerk, Mr. Gilbert, a gentleman well qualified for that position. For Commissioners, J. Roulre and C. Warner; for Treasurer, A. C. Rogers; for Assessor, D. Giles; for Surveyor, T. M. Bridges; for School Superintendent, C. W. Tower, a graduate of Harvard, and well fitted for any position. For Coroner, M. N. Worth.
    This ticket is a very strong one and will be elected by a handsome majority, all the efforts of Lockhart (Copperhead) and company to the contrary notwithstanding. The Republican Party here is increasing in strength every day; new accessions to our ranks are continually coming in, and to our co-laborers in the state elsewhere, we send words of cheer. Our state and judicial ticket give supreme satisfaction, and we shall roll up such a majority from Coos and Curry next June as shall cause repudiation and repudiators to quake like aspen leaves.
    There is little news of importance. An Indian was brought before Justice Roberts a few days since charged with assaulting A. H Hunch with a knife, but after a hearing, was discharged.
    The parties engaged in trying to raise the J. C. Rogers, a vessel wrecked some time since, have abandoned the undertaking.
    The weather is somewhat stormy at present. 
Oregon Statesman, Salem, May 20, 1870, page 1


is navigable about ten miles. The "North" and "South Forks" unite about five miles from its junction with the Bay, and each fork is navigable for about five miles. The main river, and each fork, is walled in with high, precipitous mountains. The soil of the "bottoms" is very rich, but the bottoms are very narrow--not being more than half a mile wide in the widest places; and, in many instances, the mountains--several of them solid granite--come to the water's edge. The river is very crooked, and in its bends and narrow bottoms are many nice little farms. But farming here is very different from farming in the Willamette Valley. The largest farms here consist of about twenty acres of tillable land--some consist of five or six acres. The principal products are garden vegetables and apples. There are some as fine orchards as I ever saw in the Willamette. Some oats are raised, for hay, and a little wheat, for chicken feed. All the flour that is used here comes from San Francisco, as there is no flouring mill in this part of the country. No wagons are used on the farms. In fact there arc but two or three wagons on the river, and not more than that number of farms on which they could be used to advantage. Previous to last Sept. the farmers had to transport their produce to market in open boats, which was very laborious and, at times, dangerous. Two little steamers are now making regular trips, twice a week, up the river. Some apples are shipped to San Francisco, but a ready market is found for most of the produce at the towns and coal mines on the bay. Land on the river is valued at from fifteen to twenty dollars per acre.
    The weather is still remarkably pleasant, the thermometer ranging from 45° to 50°, and very little rain. Frogs keep up their croaking, and flies and gnats, though not as abundant as in the summer, are yet in sufficient quantities to make their presence known.
    There is some excitement about the "terminus"  on the Columbia River; and one of our wealthiest men talks of moving his business to that place about the first of next March. At any rate he will visit it at that time to sec what he can do.
    In my other communication, the place left blank should have been filled with fifteen thousand, as that is the number of feet our mills cut per day.
    The Register visits us regularly, and all appreciate it very highly.
Albany Register, Albany, Oregon, February 11, 1871, page 2


abounds on Coos Bay. Thirteen hundred acres of wild, mountainous land, on which coal has been discovered, sold recently tor fourteen thousand dollars. Last week another vein was discovered, on unsurveyed land, by two gentlemen who have since taken it under the homestead law. Ten thousand dollars will open this vein--so say men who are supposed to know. Fifty thousand dollars have been spent in opening one of the veins which is now worked, on the Bay.
    Last Wednesday evening
installed their officers for the ensuing quarter. Dr. North was installed as WCT; Mrs. E. H. Woodruff, WVT; Miss Eva Lockhart, WS; E. A. Woodruff, WFS; O. E. Smith, WM; Mr. Finch, WDM; Mrs. Philips, WT; Miss Florine Woodruff, WIG; Charles Getty, WOG; Miss Alice Stokes, WRS; Miss Ella Lockhart, WLS; Miss Addie Vandervort, WC.
    The lodge seems to be on the decline, yet it has done much good in this place. The weather last week was quite fine, but it commenced raining last Saturday, and it has been quite stormy ever since.
are now caught in large quantities by the Indians, and sold to the citizens of Empire at fifty cents a wooden pailful, or $1.50 per bushel.
Albany Register, Albany, Oregon, February 18, 1871, page 2


prevailed most of last week, which has rendered the bar at the mouth of the Bay quite rough, but this morning it cleared off and it now bids fair to be fine for some time. Four vessels were seen outside last evening, but the bar was too rough to permit the tugs to bring them in. Sometimes vessels have laid off the bar three weeks before the tugs would venture to bring them in. A few weeks ago, one came up from San Francisco in four days, and then on account of stormy weather had to lay off seventeen days.
    There are three tugs here, one owned by Mr. Pushbacker, of Marshfield, and the others by the North Bend Company. As
is very dull sale in San Francisco, times are quite dull here. Mr. Luse, the owner of the mill at Empire, has sent one of his vessels to Callas, in South America, to see if he can open the trade for lumber in that part of the world. If lumber does not "come up," our only hope of better times is in the coal mines; but as it is confidently believed that another mine will be opened this summer, by a company from San Francisco, we have not much to fear.
    As this is not an agricultural county, the land on the river being heavily timbered,
has to be well fed during the fall and winter, or they become quite poor. Most of the beef that is used here at this season of the year comes from the Coquille, distance thirty miles. It is not very good, yet a choice cut commands fifteen cents a pound.
    One great drawback to this country is the want of
to the Umpqua Valley. At present there is but an indifferent trail, but a route is now being surveyed for a road, and by next fall we hope to have a good wagon road connecting Roseburg with this place, or with Coos River.
was celebrated by a vessel, which was lying out in the bay, firing a fifteen-pounder occasionally during the entire day, and by an impromptu ball at the courthouse in the evening. By the way, almost every celebration or dedication has to close with a ball.
    We understand that the
owned by Mr. Lockhart, on the Coquille, near Randolph, bids fair to pay well. Hope it may, as he has spent a large sum of money on it.
Albany Register, Albany, Oregon, March 11, 1871, page 2


    The little steamer Argo, which plies on the Bay and its tributaries, was seized by a United States officer, for violation of law. It seems that she had, without a license, been carrying passengers. Her owner, Capt. Claugh, has gone to Portland to try to get her released. Hope he may succeed, as his all is invested in the boat, and he has a family depending on his earnings. Besides, the boat was a great convenience to this part of the country, as she made daily trips to North Bend and Marshfield, and weekly trips up the various tributaries of the Bay. Though she was not licensed, there are many mitigating circumstances in her case.
    The tug Escort, while trying to get out to bring in a vessel, a few days ago, stuck on the bar and knocked off about six feet of her false keel. This occurred in consequence of the stormy weather, causing the channel to close about up.
    When I wrote you last, I supposed the storm was over; but it has continued to rage, with short intervals, ever since. The last week was the most stormy of the season. No vessel has gone out for six weeks; more than a dozen are now laying in the Bay, ready for sea.. The tugs can bring them in when they cannot take them out, on account of their being more lightly loaded when coming in.
    A sad event occurred here last Saturday. A few weeks ago a man came down here from North Bend. He brought with him $225, a "Whitehall" boat, shotgun, and a few other items. He went into O'Conner's saloon and commenced drinking, and kept it up till the day of his death, which occurred last Saturday. In less than a week his money and property had fallen into the hands of O'Conner, who then went and notified the sheriff that the county must take care of the poor wretch. By this time he was afflicted with delirium tremens. The sheriff took charge of him, but left him in care of O'Conner. He lived two weeks after this. Last Saturday he died, and was buried Saturday evening at the expense of the county. O'Conner now brings in a bill of fifty dollars against the county, for taking care of his victim two weeks. He took the man's money, and property, and caused his death, and yet, as greedy as the grave, clamors for more. But as long as a government, that claims to be civilized, will license men to carry on such business, such conduct must be expected and tolerated.
Albany Register, Albany, Oregon, April 1, 1871, page 2


    There are at this time
in the Bay ready for sea, by far the largest number that has ever been here at one time. The southwest wind has prevailed so long that the channel has closed. At least there are three feet less water on the Bar than there was last summer; but a few days of northwest wind will again cut a channel, and calm down the bar so that vessels can again get out. Several accidents have occurred lately to vessels coming in, but nothing serious. A wave struck the stern of a schooner, broke the wheel and crushed the man at the wheel considerable.
    The ladies connected with the sewing society of the M.E. Church gave
last Friday evening, at the courthouse for the benefit of the parsonage, and realized about fifty dollars. The parsonage is a good one, and it will be well furnished, as the ladies have taken it in hand; and the ladies of Empire always accomplish what they undertake. The Methodists are raising funds to build a church. They expect to build this summer, and to have it ready for dedication by the first of September. At present there is not a church edifice in Coos County.
is now upon us in all its beauty. Gardens are being made, trees are putting forth their leaves, and many flowers are in full bloom. There are many more wild birds here than in the Willamette; and also more beautiful singers. One kind sings as sweetly as a well-cultivated canary. Hummingbirds abound. Speaking of birds reminds me of white wild geese that come here in the fall--perfectly white. They were very abundant last fall, but disappeared about the first of January.
Albany Register, Albany, Oregon, April 8, 1871, page 2


    After a few days fine weather, it commenced storming again last week, and it has kept it up to the present moment. The "oldest inhabitant" has never witnessed so "wet a spring" as the present one. Rain, rain, rain, almost continuously, since the first of February.
expect to have some sort of a celebration on the 26th inst. This order is well represented here. They have a good lodge room and is it well furnished; and arrangements are being made for securing a site for a cemetery. They are, with few exceptions, a noble band of brothers.
is being carried on by the pastor of this charge, assisted by Rev. J. Harer of Wilbur. There are but few church members here, yet the congregations are good and orderly, and the Sunday school is large and prosperous. At the quarterly meeting which was held last Saturday and Sabbath, the quarterly conference concluded to hold a camp meeting embracing the first Sabbath in June. This will be the first camp meeting held within the bounds of Coos County. You see that we are somewhat behind the times.
is being agitated, and the temperance men have resolved that they will be felt in our next election. We do not think that a third party could succeed, but if the Republican Party wishes our votes, temperance men must be nominated. That the Republican Party is entirely free from the vice we do not claim, but that a majority, a very large majority of those who manufacture, buy, sell, and use intoxicating liquors are Democrats, no honest, intelligent person will deny. Therefore the hope of the temperance cause is the Republican Party. Temperance men must attend the primary meetings, and select those to attend the county convention who will nominate true temperance men for office. This done, the temperance cause and the Republican Party will be successful. If a different course is pursued, both will be defeated, as a third party will be formed.
Albany Register, Albany, Oregon, April 29, 1871, page 2


    The schooner Margaret Crockard; Capt. Godfrey commanding, was
on the 18th inst., soon after crossing the Bar. She was loaded with lumber for the Society Islands. As she was being towed out to sea, she struck so violently on the Bar as to start every timber in her, but at the time it was thought no serious damage was incurred. The tug towed her out to sea, and returned. When she had gone about fifteen miles out, the steward came on deck and told the captain that water was coming into the cabin and he believed the hold was full of water. The captain went below and found water rushing violently into the cabin. He rushed upon deck, brought the vessel to, and ordered the deck load to be thrown overboard, but before this could be accomplished she careened and went over on her beams end. The crew had barely time to secure ropes with which to lash themselves to the vessel. As she went over they climbed upon the side and lashed themselves fast. This was late in the evening. They remained there over night. The next morning the captain of one of the tugs descried her from the Lookout, and two of the tugs went to her relief. By this time the tide had brought her within five miles of the beach. The tug took the crew on board, and worked all day in trying to right the vessel, but the sea was so rough they could not succeed. Captain and crew lost everything but the clothing they had on, but our kind citizens supplied their immediate wants, and they were furnished by the captains of some of the vessels plying between here and San Francisco with free passes to the city.
Albany Register, Albany, Oregon, May 6, 1871, page 2


    Our District Court closed last Saturday evening. This occasion always draws a great many persons to town, although there may be no case on the docket of much importance. Our Bar was graced this term by more than the usual amount of foreign legal talent. Corvallis, Eugene and Roseburg were well represented. The ladies held their
on Tuesday and Wednesday evenings. They realized, clear of all expenses, one hundred and fifty dollars, which for so small a community is remarkably well. The occasion was a very pleasant one.
    The steamer Alpha, and the tugs Escort and Merrimac were
last Thursday evening, by our Deputy Collector Woodruff, for violation of law; but they gave bail, and went on their way. The little steamer Argo, that was seized a few months ago, has been released, and she is refitted and is now making daily trips to Marshfield and other points on the Bay and river, to the great delight of our citizens generally. It has been
that Judge Skinner is to receive the appointment of Deputy Collector of this port in the place of E. A. Woodruff, who has resigned. A more suitable man, or one more deserving than the Judge, could not be found. He is a true man, and has ever labored for the interests of the Republican Party; yet he has received no office at their hands, while men far less deserving than he have been placed in power. Then his interests are identified with the people of this place, as he owns property here and expects to make this his future home. His appointment would give universal satisfaction. The Company that recently purchased the
has commenced operations, and the prospects so far are favorable. If it should prove as rich as it is expected to be, its development will be a great benefit to this county. Mr. Lockhart's
on the Coquille, has proved richer than even expected. Mr. Larre's claim is also paying better than ever. It is generally believed that there are good paying mines in that vicinity that have not been developed.
to our Bay, which for a time last winter was closed by southerly winds driving sand into the channel, is now open, and vessels are passing in and out daily. Southerly winds drive the sand into the channel and quite close it; but a few days of northerly winds cut it out and render it as good as ever.
Albany Register, Albany, Oregon, June 10, 1871, page 2


TO THE EDITOR OF THE OREGONIAN:
    The appointment of David Bushey of Roseburg, Douglas County, as Collector for this district, took the people of Coos Bay by surprise; hardly anyone could tell who or what he was, or what peculiar qualifications he possessed over Republicans of Coos Bay that he should be appointed to look after the shipping interests of this part of Oregon. But upon examination of the doings of the last Legislature it was found that he was a Representative from Douglas County, and voted right on the election of United States Senator. The appointment gives general dissatisfaction to the Republicans of this county. They think that someone should have been appointed that is familiar with the business and interests of Coos Bay, as there is quite a difference between farming and hunting Cayuse horses and measuring and registering vessels. The people of Coos Bay think that after having worked for a number of years to have the Bay made a Port of Entry it was nothing more than right that the appointment should have been given to some one of its own citizens, who is acquainted with the business and shipping interests of this part of Oregon, in preference to taking one from the cattle or sheep ranches of the Umpqua. But of course the appointment was not made to please either the people or Republican Party of Coos County. The Hon. Collector has not yet made his appearance here. His advent is looked for with curiosity.
Oregonian, Portland, April 14, 1873, page 1


    We have received the following correspondence from Coos Bay. We hardly think it is quite as bad there as our correspondent would make out, but publish it as a warning to some of our would-be travelers, who may be dissatisfied with their present homes. We know how it is ourself. It is not to be expected that a person can rush into a new county, and in a few months, perhaps, be a large land owner or a banker. Those days are past when we could "make money hand over fist." It is enough for us in these times, if we can make a comfortable living and lay a little aside for a rainy day. Thinking that this, perhaps, may deter some of our young men from straying off for richer fields, while they have so many opportunities at home, we give it for what it is worth:
    EDITOR ENTERPRISE--Sir: A few notes from Coos County may prove of interest to some few of your readers, especially so to those who contemplate a move in this direction, in the spring. As for the county, you have heard it "lauded to the skies" for a year or so. Well, there is no doubt that it is fully deserving of praise, as far as coal and timber are concerned. Both we have in abundance; but transportation is where the "tug of war" comes in. At the present time there are 11 vessels (10 sailing and 1 steamer) lying here, bar-bound. During the winter, it is nothing unusual to have a whole fleet bar-bound from three to six weeks. Here we are now, waiting for fifteen days, and no immediate prospect of being seasick. Another great drawback to the county is the scarcity of capital. In more than one of our coal mines, the miners have not been paid for eight or nine months, with the exception of goods taken out of the company's store, at three or four prices. Those who are lucky enough to get "an order on the city," and are not bar-bound too long, soon emigrate--if they get the order cashed before, they are in the biggest kind of luck.
    The loggers, if they do not accede to the demands of the mill men, have a difficulty of disposing of their logs. There are thousands of dollars worth of logs lying in the bay, in such a position that no one can touch them, all on account of the owners having enough manliness to stand up for their rights. Five or six capitalists are about all that are making money, and, to use a Coos Bay expression, "they run the Bay." If a friend of mine should ask my advice, I should say, stay away, until money is more plentiful; which there was in abundance a few years ago. But still, for a business man, with enough capital to give "long credit," Coos County is good, providing he can get on the inside of the "ring." No doubt the county will be good in time, as it has a great many resources. Coquille Valley is a rich agricultural valley, but there is nothing of it but a narrow strip on each side of the river, and that is nearly all taken up. It only takes about $50 an acre to clear off the myrtle and underbrush. After it is cleared, it is salable at $10 or $15 an acre. According to their accounts, five or six hundred bushels of potatoes to the acre is an average crop.
    Coos County, I believe, supports about one hundred saloons, and one church. Rain, mud and cold winds we have in abundance. The much-talked-of railroad from Roseburg to Coos Bay seems to be at a standstill; and in fact, why should it not be? Why should freight and passengers come this way, and take chances on getting by the Bay in two or three weeks or more? Oh yes! the five vessels lying outside now might run up to Portland and send us our freight by rail via Roseburg.
Oregon City Enterprise, January 21, 1876, page 2


    During my travels on the Northwest Coast I visited Coos Bay in the fall of 1873. The bay is a beautifully situated body of water, supplied by waters flowing from both branches of Coos River Isthmus and South Sloughs and a few minor branches and empties into the ocean. On the right, as you come up the Bay, after passing South Slough, is Empire City, a picturesque little village built upon a beach overlooking the sea.
    Here I concluded to "lay over a trip," and see the sights. Accordingly I engaged board at the Lockhart Hotel, and was soon ensconced in a comfortable room, where, unlike many another "seaside hotel," one was made to feel perfectly at home. Being a stranger, I for a time kept secluded, but in a town like Empire one need not remain long ere he finds congenial spirits, and it was so in my case. I soon made the acquaintance of that ubiquitous and ever-entertaining personage, the "oldest inhabitant," and from him learned many interesting incidents of the early settlement of this portion of Oregon. He told many weird legends of Indian massacres, hardships and privations endured by the pioneers, and hair-breadth escapes of hardy sailors who "went down to the sea in ships," and of the noble pioneer women, who walked side by side with the husbands of of their choice in the dark and dreary hours when each twig contained a foe and none were safe from the Indians that roamed the forests.
    He related all this to me, and after a few days acquaintance invited me to take a sail with him and visit some points of interest, of which offer I gladly availed myself.
    Coos Bay has many attractions, but the bar for me had the most charm. Why it was so can only be explained by the fact that, being a "tar," I was always restless when not within the roar of the briny deep.
    "Here," said he, as we reached the North Spit, "is the burial place of many brave hearts. And pointing to the angry waters, said: "Several years ago a 'kanim' ["canoe"] went over there and thirteen Indians met their death while endeavoring to reach the outer beach of Point Arago, and many others have gone down 'neath the billows of this bar."
    The following evening, in company with "Uncle Dave," I went to North Bend, and there fell in with a jovial crowd of sailors and mill men, among whom were Capt. Elliott, of the Emma Augusta, and Capt. McAllep, of the Orient, two as fine gentlemen and true seamen as I have ever met. Besides these two persons were Capt. James Magee, of the tug Escort, and Capt. James Hill, of the tug C. J. Brenham. During the evening, the conversation turned on the bar, and tale after tale relating to its treachery was told. Capt. Elliott stated that he believed he could save himself if washed overboard while crossing the bar, but how little did he dream that ere forty-eight hours had passed he would be numbered among the "dead of Coos Bay Bar."
    Two days after the evening's conversation, the Emma Augusta was ready for sea, and it being Sunday, Capt. Hill decided to tow her out over the bar. A crowd of seafaring men were on the dock when the tug started for the lower bay, where the vessel lay at anchor, and several invited guests stepped on board the C. J. Brenham for a trip over the bar, among whom was the writer. Having taken the Emma Augusta in tow, we proceeded towards the bar, which was anything but smooth. Gradually drawing nearer we could see the heavy swells tumble in and also break clear across, there being only a small space that seemed at all possible to pass. Capt. Elliott stood by the side of Capt. Hill, near the "manhold"--the protection placed around the wheel to more safely protect the "man at the wheel"--and appeared to be in an unusually fine frame of mind at the idea of being on his way to San Francisco to spend the holidays, and many a pleasant joke went round. As we neared the bar I saw the lynx eye of Capt. Hill looking steadily ahead, and having been used to the manner assumed by captains and mates in times when courage and determination were most demanded, soon perceived that behind this resolute exterior there was something which made him hesitate ere going too far in case a "turn back" became necessary.
    When off the point of North Spit steam was slackened and the Captain said: "The bar is very rough this morning for the Brenham; what do you think, Capt. Elliott; can we make it?"
    "Oh, yes," replied Capt Elliott. "I have crossed out on a rougher bar many a time. What do you think?"
    "All right," said Capt. Jim. And away we went. We had passed over the worst without accident, and had begun to breathe easy--for there is nothing so trying even to those accustomed to "bar work" as going over an angry bar where each breaker threatens to engulf the boat and bring death to all on board--when immediately in front of the boat a huge breaker began to "comb," and before we could prepare ourselves for the shock broke with tremendous fury over the Brenham, sweeping overboard Capt. Elliott and the mate of the tug, named Smith.
    Every effort was made to save them, but in vain. Poor Elliot was the first to succumb, and it is the impression that he was hurt by striking the rail of the boat when he fell into the sea. Smith was a good swimmer, and for a time it looked as if he would reach the beach, but it was not so ordained, and he sank beneath the waves, and his spirit soon followed Capt. Elliott's.
    The beach for weeks following was traversed to find the bodies. About two weeks after the accident the body of Smith was found and decently interred by the citizens of Empire City, "Uncle Davy" making the coffin; but the body of Elliott never was given up by the treacherous sea, and the "curlew's restless cry" is the only requiem chanted above his watery resting place.
    We safely returned to Empire City; but the sudden and tragical taking off of two noble, generous men in the full bloom of health had an effect upon all who witnessed it that could not be shaken off in a day. And even now, at times, comes vividly before me the scene of those two struggling bravely for life midst the breakers of Coos Bay Bar--struggling against hope; endeavoring to avert a destiny that could not be averted. Capt. Elliott! No truer, nobler man have I met. A true son of the sea, a careful and courageous captain, a gentleman of fine feeling, and--an honest man. May he ever rest in peace 'neath the "breakers" of that "harbor bar," until that day when the "sea shall give up its dead"; then may it be my lot to meet him and to know him on the other shore, as I knew him in the walks of life; for he was truly a friend.
    About a year after the above event I was again visiting Coos Bay, and was invited by Capt. Magee to take a trip on the Escort over the bar. Not being well, I declined; beside the image of the catastrophe I had before witnessed came too painfully to memory. At this time some thirty vessels were lying at anchor in the lower bay, awaiting a favorable depth of water to pass over the bar, and this day it had been arranged for both tugs, the Escort and Fearless (the latter having been put on this bar in place of the C. J. Brenham, which had been assigned to the Columbia Bar work) to go out and sound. As was usual on such occasions, the captains of the different vessels were anxious to proceed to sea, and several of them concluded to go down to the bar on the tugs, among them one Capt. Nissen, of the schooner Twilight. He was a fine young man, and had just returned from "the old country" with a young wife, and this was his first trip since his return. He stood high in the estimation of his employers and was beloved by his crew, and all who knew him appreciated his worth as a friend and gentleman.
    He, like Capt. Elliott, was anxious to sail for San Francisco, and went to take a look at the bar. Everything went well, and when the bar was reached it was not what one used to the sea would call "rough," although it was breaking. The Escort was in the lead, and unmindful of danger, Captain Nissen and Captain Lorentzen, of the schooner Letitia, stood side by side on the house, engaged in an animated conversation. Suddenly the waters began to rise and in an instant the Escort was completely buried under the weight of a treacherous breaker, and Capt. Nissen was floundering in the wrathful waters of that cruel bar.
    Captain Lorentzen would have shared the same fate but for the presence of mind of Captain Magee. As the water swept past him, he felt--for he could not see--an object going past him which he instinctively grasped and held firm until the boat recovered from the shock, when he found he had rescued a human being from certain destruction. Too much cannot be said in praise of the nerve displayed by Capt. Magee, and all who know him will testify that for stamina and true courage in times of danger, Capt. Magee has but few equals and no superiors. He is surely the right man in the right place.
    After the Escort had been relieved of the water, attention was turned to Capt. Nissen. To turn the tug upon the bar was an utter impossibility, but as he could be seen swimming, and the Fearless was a short distance astern, it appeared reasonable that he would be saved, so the Escort steamed over the bar, turned and started toward the struggling man. Life preservers from both boats were thrown him, but it seemed as though the fates had combined against him, for some drifted almost within his grasp and were washed past upon the angry billows. The current had taken the man toward the North Spit, and just as he became exhausted the Fearless came up and threw him a life buoy and a line, both of which he missed, though the buoy he missed by only an arm's length. During this trying ordeal Capt. Nissen never uttered a word. Capt. Hill saw that only one chance was left. To lower a small boat was impossible, and the only chance was to get as close as possible and try the line once more.
    Amos Herring, the mate (commonly called "Jersey"), had another idea, and when the tug neared the drowning man, he slipped a bow line over his body and giving the end to a bystander said: "When I catch him pull us up alongside." He instantly jumped overboard, but too late! Just as he reached the man he sank to rise no more, and "Jersey" was hauled on board more dead than alive. His act was rewarded, as was also Capt. Hill's, by the Master Mariners' Association with a gold medal, but money nor trinkets can ever repay such heroic acts as were that day enacted upon Coos Bay Bar, in order to save human life. The name of Amos Herring deserves to be placed high up on the list of heroes, and his brave deed of imperiling his own life to save that of another should stand forth in all its brilliancy for ages to come, and should be so preserved that his children and grandchildren may point with pride to Amos Herring, their ancestor, as a hero of the nineteenth century.
    Every effort was made to save Captain Nissen, but all in vain, and after twenty minutes of hard struggling for life he was numbered among the dead of Coos Bay Bar, and the next steamer bore to San Francisco the terrible news that his young wife was a widow, for all that was mortal of Capt. Nissen lay low at the bottom of the sea. His body never came ashore, and the probabilities are that as the tide turned ebb shortly after he sank that it was carried out to sea.
    Such is the history of two incidents that have come under my observation while visiting Coos Bay. The bar is a short one, but no more uglier one can be found when it is aroused by storms and wind. It is at most times easily and safely crossed, and so still and so placid that canoes and small boats can safely cross to sea over its bosom; but when it is in a passion no more majestic sight is seen. The breakers roll mountains high, and their roar resembled the distant thunder of a thousand battlefields. The angry waters are lashed into foam while the spray is thrown hundreds of yards into the air. From Point Arago one can commend a good view of the bar, and can for hours watch with intense interest its many changes. To the north stretch the sand spits, and all along the coast from Coos Bay to the Umpqua can be seen a dreary waste of sand, at times occasionally relieved by a small grove of evergreen firs. Here on a clear day the eye can discern the sail of craft, bound in, for many leagues at sea; here almost every phase of life is exemplified in nature--the calm and placid waters of the bar reminds one of the happy days of infancy when not a breath ruffles the days of early life; again the disturbed seas as they rise suddenly upon the bosom of the bar reminds us of our first great grief and disappointment that quickly revealed to our eyes being no longer a child we must arouse and, like the billows that arise upon the tranquil bosom of the bar, struggling against an unseen power behind them we, too, must struggle and bravely win the battle of life; and as the waves become more and more angry how forcibly are we reminded of the many fierce battles fought in life for man's mastery over himself, and of the struggles forced upon us all at one time or another in this life; and as the angry waves swallow up and kill everything within their reach, how vividly do scenes of this kind transpire each day among the sons of men? And again, when the bar has become peaceful and serene, does it not carry the mind to old age? Of one who has fought the battle of life, and in the sere and yellow leaf of declining years sits peacefully down content to wait for the summons that will take him hence to eternal rest that will never again be disturbed by the turbulent waves of this life?
    Coos Bay Bar! what sorrow ye have brought to once happy firesides. Know ye the anguish, the days and nights of sorrow that ye have caused once happy homes to endure, and if so, have you no moments of remorse? No, cruel waters, little care ye; but let us all hope that when the sea gives up its thousands, not one of the dead of Coos Bay Bar shall be absent, for 'neath you rests the tenements of noble men, whose spirits "went aloft" to their Maker through your treacherous and angry lashings. But who can say that it is not their gain, and that it was but destiny for those brave men to surrender up life to God amid the roar and turmoil of Coos Bay Bar? Peace to their ashes, and may we all meet them across the bar that divides the mortal and immortal sphere.
Empire City Guard, February 7, 1880, page 3


    Not long since we received a pamphlet containing an account of the early settlement and settlers of Coos Bay. On looking it over we find that it presents a great number of historical reminiscences of that part of Oregon, with personal sketches, description of eccentric characters, and other interesting matter. The author, there may be reason to suppose, is S. S. Mann, formerly county judge of Coos County. A rapid, even though it be a partial, summary of the contents of the pamphlet will be received with interest by large numbers to whom the entire sketch is inaccessible; and the Oregonian is the more desirous to present such summary because it wishes to take every opportunity to call attention to that important part of our state, than which no other part has greater resources or is destined to surer wealth and greatness.
    Previous to 1853, as the writer says, no white man had a residence on the fertile shores of Coos Bay. The aboriginal Indians alone enjoyed the wealth of game, fish, fruits and berries which were in such abundance as to make an Indian paradise. Prior to that time the locality had indeed been visited by a few whites. A small schooner, bound to Umpqua River, entered Coos Bay by mistake in 1852, and remained for several weeks, hunting for the settlements. At length persons from the Umpqua, learning their condition from the Indians, piloted them out of Coos Bay and into the place of their destination. During the summer of 1853, P. B. Marple, a resident of Jackson County, made an exploration to the coast, passing down the Coquille River. Learning the general character of Coos Bay from the Indians, he deemed it a valuable location. Returning to Jackson County, he formed a company of about forty persons, who, proceeding to Coos Bay, became the pioneers and early settlers of Coos County. Among these are mentioned Marple, Harris, Jackson, Lockhart, Coffin, Tolman, Noble and Boatman. Soon after their advent the discovery of gold sand mines at Randolph made a large addition to their number, and Empire City became the depot of supplies for a large mining population. Vessels with merchandise and men were attracted to it. In the end the mines proved less rich than was anticipated, but the population and capital induced by the excitement remained, and was added to the permanence of the settlement. Among the settlers of this period are named Northrup & Symonds, the originators of the Eastport coal mine; Rogers & Flanagan, pioneers of the Newport coal mine; James Aiken, the principal discoverer of these veins; A. M. Simpson and H. H. Luse, pioneer sawmill owners, Dr. Foley, Yoakum, Winchester and others. The first coal was discovered at North Bend. Soon afterwards similar discoveries were made in several other places. On further exploration these discoveries were abandoned and the mines were opened at other points.
    The lumber interest has always been an important industry at Coos Bay, though its growth of late years has not kept pace with former expectations. A. M. Simpson built the first saw mill. He has since built many vessels at the bay, which have been employed in the large trade created by the numerous saw mills since erected.
    In these early days, angel women, "uncertain, coy and hard to please," were commentably few and scarce. Bachelors' halls were in the majority. The occupants were under the necessity of being their own cooks and housekeepers, as well as attending to outdoor avocations. They could cuddle the imaginative "girl I left behind me," to their hearts, and "nothing more." An occasional ball gathered the few beauties, young and old, from far and near, in some rough-boarded room, brilliantly lighted with tallow dips. The "fair" and few shone gorgeously in calico. The bachelors in scores, arrayed in their best, looked on in admiring hopelessness. "Biled shirts" were proscribed as too pretentious. Whoever should dare to appear in one would have been the subject of ridicule. Freed from the ceremonious forms of fashionable life, they "tripped the light fantastic toe" in joyous hilarity "till daylight doth appear." The advent of a marriageable young lady produced a lively sensation. All the bachelors rushed in hot haste to secure a chance in the matrimonial prize. The fair one was perplexed to choose among her many offers; and could select her own time to restore the "lost rib" to some happy swain. This terrible lack of female loveliness and companionship made men desperate. There were many native maidens camped about, who could be purchased from their fond parents for a few pairs of blankets. Rather than live on, hopelessly languishing for fairer loves, many embraced the opportunity and provided themselves with companions from the wigwams of the "noble red man," and lived clandestinely without any marriage ceremony. Suddenly clouds arose, darkening the horizon of their domestic felicity. An order was issued from the Indian Department that all the Indians at Coos Bay should be removed to the Siletz Reservation. This order would ruthlessly include all those dusky companions to whom these men had become attached, turning them adrift again to solitary, single life. These Indian maidens, strange as it may seem, had wound themselves deeply into their affections. They looked with horror upon a separation. Lucky thought, happy discovery! Marriage would make them wives and American citizens beyond the control of Indian agents. The danger was imminent. The emissaries of the Indian Department were gathering the Indians together for removal. There was a rush of these couples to the justices of the peace in the county, and about thirty couples in this vicinity were joined in the bonds of wedlock. Some of them proved faithful wives, and some of their liege lords are respectable, honored, thriving citizens.
    From this point the pamphlet from which we are condensing is mostly taken up with personal reminiscences and anecdotes of the early settlers. These are of great interest to those who have been acquainted with the persons to whom the sketches and anecdotes refer. But we could wish that the writer had given us with them some further statement of the resources and material development of that important and growing part of our state.
Oregonian, Portland, January 31, 1880, page 2


Port Orford Post, May 18, 1882, page 1


    The following we find in the Portland Daily News, the contribution of a Bandon correspondent:
an extremely irregular body of water, about fifty square miles in area, with a number of arms penetrating for a considerable distance inland and adding materially thereto, lies north of the Coquille region and is separated from it by a watershed of low hills running parallel to the Coquille River. There is sufficient water in the bay to float the largest ship. The character of the land about Coos Bay is somewhat similar to that of the Coquille. Much marsh land is found here on tributary sloughs and creeks. The first vessel known to have entered the bay was a schooner, bound for the mouth of the Umpqua, which entered it by mistake in 1852. Today the bay is dotted with vessels of all kinds, going and coming, and a regular line of steamers run between the bay and San Francisco.
the county seat of Coos County, is situated about six miles from the mouth of the bay on the east side. Commerce, mining and lumber built up Empire. It is now somewhat decaying, and its rival, Marshfield, situated five or six miles further up the bay, is taking the lead in shipping and in business. Back of Marshfield lie the famous Coos Bay Coal Mines, which now are furnishing steadily coal for five or six vessels carrying that commodity on to San Francisco market, and especially since the Puget Sound mines were closed has the coal trade been very brisk, and the price has advanced considerably. This valuable resource furnishes work for many in its development. Two weekly papers are published at Marshfield. The Coast Mail (Republican) and the Coos Bay News (Democratic), which with the Coquille Herald (which is neutral as to politics) make three papers published in Coos County.
is very extensive, and at North Bend, lying on the bay between Empire and Marshfield, there is also a shipyard of A. M. Simpson & Bro., where many vessels are built. These gentlemen are the heavy lumber dealers of this region, and have many mills, stores, etc.
    Lately a railroad company has been formed and a railroad is to be built from the bay to Huntington, eastward, as has been quite thoroughly published before. It is an important step in the progressive scale for Coos County. The name of the county is supposed to be of Indian origin and of doubtful signification. The name "Cowes" has been used, also Cowans, and it has been spelled C-o-o-s-e. Coos County was incorporated in 1853.
    In the years 1871 to 1878, including two-thirds of the latter year, the total amount of coal and lumber exported from Coos Bay was $2,924,000. Shipbuilding was represented for the same time by the construction of forty vessels, aggregating 16,351 tons. The arrival and departure of vessels aggregated 1,388. The quantity of coal that is conveniently accessible from Coos Bay and its waters are almost incalculable. Within an area of ten miles of the bay there are at least 75,000 acres of good coal land, good for 450,000,000 of tons.
    Coos Bay and Coquille River both have bars more or less obstructed to navigation. The government has done much in the way of building breakwaters that have straightened and deepened the channels, and now the river and harbor committee has recommended liberally for the coming season.
are scarce and hard to build in Coos and Curry counties. The beach and the inland waterways are the several ways of travel. The county authorities are each year improving road facilities, however.
are abundant all along this coast. Every little stream is filled with the finny tribe, and from old ocean we catch halibut, cod, sturgeon, flounders, perch, etc., besides getting crabs, mussels and clams on the beach in superabundance. Salmon fishing in its season is one of the important industries in this region, all streams being well filled with this, the king of fish. Coquille River will be alive soon with fishermen's boats, and many a good and paying haul will be as of yore. The other day I accompanied a fisherman who fishes with a seine. We made a short haul at the mouth of the Coquille, and took out 147 large-sized perch of the silver-tinted variety. They were perfect beauties and were as delicious to the taste when prepared for food as they were pleasing in appearance.
    The grass is green, winter and summer, and stock and sheep can be raised without hay or feed or stabling, throughout the season.
    In the spring cattle buyers come to the ranches and buy all marketable stock, right at the door of the farmer and stockman, paying the highest market price and cash down. This spring Coos and Curry counties furnished cattle buyers who filled orders away in Montana, $40,000 worth of cattle at the least calculation, and, as this money was distributed in small portions throughout the county, and fell into many hands, much good was the result.
    There is an element here, as elsewhere in Oregon, of the mossback stripe, opposed to evolution or development of any kind, who maintain a dog in the manger policy towards all who come with capital or enterprising spirit to waken up the country and do something. There is, in my humble opinion, no better place in Oregon, all things considered, however, for housekeepers to come to. They must have some money and be prepared to put up with discomforts incident to life in a remote and considerably behind the times locality.
    It is only a matter of time, and comparatively short time, too, for energetic people, such as of the middle Northwest and the East, to make their way here, for the means of living can be gained with less exertion here than any place I ever lived in, and the climate is the same as to temperature the year round with but slight variation.
    The future for this region with all its undeveloped staple resources can but be of the best, and as capital and new spirit of enterprise and civilization pours in this will be the Eden spot of Oregon to live in.
    I had well nigh forgotten to mention the mining and mineral wealth of this region of country. Gold, glittering and dazzling, has been taken off from the ocean beaches here for the past third of a century, and in paying quantities, too. There is scarcely a spadeful of dirt anywhere from Yaquina Bay, perhaps, to Frisco along the coast that does not contain "colors." The only drawback seems to be to find dirt that has enough glittering particles in to pay.
    The celebrated black sand mines of Randolph and vicinity I have seen and examined, and many a "panning out" have I witnessed made by the ever hopeful and expectant prospector. Black sand mining has paid many here, and will continue to do so. But I must close, ere I spin this out as long as moral law. Books could be written on Coos and Curry counties alone, and yet the subject not be legitimately exhausted or justice done it. In this sketch you may well know I have been obliged to make a thin skimming only of a few prominent facts of authentic record and personal observation.
    At another time I may take up Curry County somewhat in detail, as well as deal in a general way with many things pertaining to this country yet unmentioned, but of a kind that may perhaps be both interesting and instructive to your readers, and especially to home-seeking immigrants.
Coquille City Herald, June 22, 1886, page 1


    EDS. JOURNAL:--Coos County can be reached from three directions; viz, steamers semi-weekly, direct to San Francisco; a daily stage line (Sundays excepted) from Roseburg, and tri-weekly stages from Drain. In coming here I chose the latter route. This county is comparatively little known to the outside world and, truly, I am surprised, for its resources are something wonderful. Bounded on the north by Benton County, east by Douglas, and south by remote Curry County, while the grand ocean extends to the west.
    Leaving Drain at 6 o'clock in the morning, the stage road passes through a varied farming country, mostly small farms and large hills. At Elkton, 25 miles from Drain, a substantial dinner is partaken and then on to Scottsburg, 10 miles further. Scottsburg is a pretty little place on the banks of the Umpqua, and fine ranches are passed between Elkton and Scottsburg. The latter town is at the head of navigation on the Umpqua River and, after eating a most enjoyable supper at mine host Farmer's house, you board the sprightly little steamer Juno; with a toot of the whistle and an "all clear, sir," we steam gently down with the tide--down one of the prettiest streams in Oregon. Everything so green and bright; mountains of queer and fantastic shapes; the stream winding around and through an ever-changing foliage. The boat stops now and then at some rancher's or logger's house and, finally, Gardiner is reached, 20 miles from Scottsburg.
    Gardiner is a lumber town, and a saw mill of 15000 capacity a day has just been completed. Salmon fishing is extensive in season and, opposite Gardiner, is located a large cannery. I forgot to mention that the Umpqua flows into Winchester Bay and Gardiner is at the mouth of the Umpqua. The steamer continues on down to the ocean beach, 6 miles from Gardiner, where you take stage and are driven for 20 miles along the hard ocean beach. Of course it is a grand sight--the billows chasing each other--and you look out expecting every moment that they will roll into the stage, for the driver skirts right along the surf, it being more firm to drive on, the sand when wet being hard.
    Finally this end of the beach is reached, that is, Coos Bay, and you take a small boat and are rowed across to the busy little town of Empire City. The town is located on Coos Bay and is about 6 miles from the Coos Bay bar. Apropos, a word about the bay. It is only one-half a mile long and at low tide has 16 feet of water, while at high tide 23. Be it remembered that the Columbia River bar is 7 miles long. At present the government contractors are at work building a jetty at the bar and are gradually improving the entrance.
    Empire City, the county seat, is a Port of Entry, Mr. Siglin being Collector of Customs. The Southern Oregon company have a large saw mill here, its cutting capacity being 125,000 daily. It is owned by Eastern capitalists, and the president of the company is Elijah Smith of the Oregon Short Line R.R. There are three good hotels in the town, three general stores, only four saloons and, altogether, its 600 inhabitants appear to be doing well.
    I next visited Marshfield, also on the the Bay, and 10 or 12 miles by steamer. Marshfield is the most important town in the county, has about 1500 population, stores of every description and good hotels, the Coos County Bank is just starting into business, has two newspapers--the Coos Bay News and the Coast Mail. But withal that there is a lack of enterprise apparent. I omitted to mention that on the bay between Empire and Marshfield are located the North Bend Mill and also Porter Mill, both with a daily capacity of upwards of 100,000 feet of lumber. About 3 miles back of Marshfield are the Newport coal mines, while all through the county, back of Marshfield and off east and south, are some of the finest veins of coal of good steam quality, too.
    I was greatly puzzled why the people have not endeavored to get a railroad into the country. After conversing with a prominent attorney of Marshfield, it was made plain to me though. He said, at present the main industry of the country was lumber and the rich mill owners and lumbermen were desirous of keeping the railroad out, while the merchants of Marshfield and other towns were, of course, under obligations to the mill men and, while they might want the railroad ever so badly, it behooved them to be silent. Then, also, Marshfield has a few "mossback" merchants who actually think a railroad would do the country no good. They say, as a result of a railroad, more stores would start up and competition would be close. Heaven knows it is not now, etc. They don't seem to think that it would be the cause of development of the immense coal mines, and bringing many hundred settlers and laborers into the county, who would offset the "close competition."
    Opposite Marshfield Coos River flows into the Bay. Coos River has two forks, north and south, and is navigable for 20 miles. Along its banks are beautiful farms, some large and some small. All are productive, the ground being well moistened the year around, and the soil is very rich. Steamers run daily on the rivers from Marshfield. The country all back is thick with timber, and loggers are numerous. I boarded the steamer Myrtle and went up as far as the steamer goes, King's landing, 12 miles above Marshfield on Isthmus Slough, where I took the stage for Coquille.
    I found Coquille City to be a pretty town. It is on the banks of the Coquille River, and during the past four years has grown wonderfully. It has about 700 inhabitants and growing rapidly. I met several Trinity County gentlemen there; namely, Mr. Lorenz, who is in the merchandise business and is doing well; Mr. C. W. White, superintendent in the saw mill; Mr. George Laingor and Mr. Louis Todd, all doing well. Mr Laingor is assistant manager of the Olive Hotel. I was more than pleased to see their friendly faces, and am satisfied that they will like the country and especially the town of Coquille, as it is one of the best in Coos County. A saw mill is located in the town, sawing about 15000 feet daily. Mr. White has had charge of the mill about a year.
    Ten miles above Coquille City, on the river, is Myrtle Point, the head of navigation, while 30 miles below Coquille and at the mouth of the river is the picturesque town of Bandon. Myrtle Point is surrounded by a large farming and orchard country, while considerable logging is done also. Bandon is quite a summer resort, the ocean being right at its feet, and daily steamers run between Bandon and Myrtle Point. Between Coquille and Bandon are located Parkersburg and Randolph, both having large saw mills. Between the two places are also 2 large canneries. Salmon run very thick in season near the lower portion of the river, and the fishermen come from Astoria every season. Does it not surprise one that a railroad has not found its way into this land of resources? Money seems plentiful on all sides, and an idle man is hard to find.
    Just imagine, with almost inexhaustible timber belts, the ground one entire coal mine (you might say) and extensive farming and dairying, fishing canneries, shipping ports to sea, etc. It will surely not be very long before a railroad company will see the feasibility of building into the country. However, there is one thing I will not forget to mention, and that is the "lumber trust." Owing to that vast monopoly the saw mills on Coos Bay run only three weeks out of the month. The poor laborer is loser thereby, while the trust is reaping an indirect benefit. Would that there were a law making "trusts" a criminality. Then the mills would either run steadily, or not at all, giving the workmen a chance to devote their time to something exclusively. That is the only drawback to Coos County's industries.
Trinity Journal, Weaverville, California, September 14, 1889, page 3