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A woman tavern keeper on Applegate Creek in Jackson County wrote to her niece in 1854: "Em, I should like to have you here, but a young lady is so seldom seen here that you would be in danger of being taken by force." Federal Writers Project, Oregon: End of the Trail, 1940, page 6 I've been unable to locate the source of the letter. Anyone? NEW TERRITORY.--The people in the southern counties of Oregon, and northern counties of California, are out in favor of a new territory, in which they propose to include Shasta, Trinity, Humboldt, Siskiyou and Klamath counties. The Yreka Herald says: Northern California and Southern Oregon--A New Territory.--The increase of population, the permanent growth, the steady progress of improvement, and the almost daily development of new resources of wealth in Northern California and Southern Oregon, have rendered this section not only the most wealthy, but given it advantages over any other portion of the Pacific Coast. Here we have a climate which for health is not surpassed by any in the known world. We are free from all fevers, floods, and pestilences of the Sacramento Valley. The farmer has a market at home for all his produce, with natural barriers against all competition from abroad forever. Our valleys are fast settling up, and the voice of the plowman may be heard, as he turns the virgin soil, mingling with the echo of the woodman's ax. The hardy sons of the farmer pioneers of the Western States are progressing with their improvements. They bring with them their families, and are making for themselves a home in this delightful country, where the monster poverty is easily conquered, and where fortune smiles upon all who persevere in industry and sobriety. The auriferous deposits are as rich and extensive as any in California, affording profitable employment to thousands of miners. In short, our population will in one year from the present time be immense. As yet we have received little of the benefits from the general government to which our comparative importance entitles us. The interests of Northern California and Southern Oregon are identical--while those of Northern Oregon and Southern California, with which we are now connected by state and territorial bands, differ from us widely in interest. For the better development of our numerous and extensive resources of wealth, it is necessary that this portion of the country should be formed into a new Territory. We want a voice in our national assembly, to urge upon Congress our immediate wants. We have never had any of the benefits of the appropriations either to California or Oregon. They are of course swallowed up, either by the dull monster of the north or the grasp of the south. Connected as we are with California and Oregon, although we pay our full proportion of tax, yet owing to our great distance from, and the difficulty of access to the capitols, we are a drag upon both state and territory. Our representatives both from Oregon and California, in the general government, have been so wrapped up in the mighty affairs of the older settled portions of the State and Territory, that they have neglected to secure for us even the benefit of a postal arrangement of any kind, with the exception of a one-horse mail from Oregon semi-occasionally. Our Indian affairs have either been grossly neglected or attended to in a halfway kind of style, which is far worse than entire neglect--leaving the hardy pioneer to defend himself and his family from the murderous hand of the savage as best he could, or be murdered like dogs--our cattle driven off and our property destroyed with impunity. Our bays and rivers are susceptible of great improvement. We want but to be properly represented in the general government to secure to us the aid to which we are entitled, and which is so necessary to the growth and development of this part of the country. We want a new Territory. The people of the Umpqua say so. Humboldt, Klamath, and Siskiyou are unanimous in favor of it. The Rogue River country join with one unanimous consent. A voice from Mendocino to the Umpqua cries, let us have a new Territory. It is caught up in the mountains and is resounded from the Trinity to the Calapooya. The people are unanimous. Nevada Journal, Nevada City, California, January 6, 1854, page 1 The Indians who were in custody in Jackson County for murder had made their escape. They were assisted by other Indians in the neighborhood. "News from Oregon and Washington Territories," Weekly Placer Herald, Placer, California, January 7, 1854, page 3 From Yreka.
We are
indebted to C. C. Beekman, of Cram, Rogers & Co.'s
Express, for the Mountain
Herald of Dec. 31st.We perceive that a call has been made, by prominent gentlemen, upon citizens of Jackson County, O.T., to assemble in general mass meeting at the Robinson House, Jacksonville, on Saturday the 7th day of January, 1854, at 4 o'clock p.m., for the purpose of taking into consideration the propriety of taking measures to effect the formation of a new Territory out of that portion of Southern Oregon and Northern California lying between the Calapooya Mountains on the north and the Trinity Mountains on the south; and also to appoint delegates to a general convention to be held at Jacksonville, on the 23th day of January next. A similar call has been made upon the citizens of Siskiyou, to meet in Yreka on the 14th inst., for the same purpose. Indeed, leading citizens of Jackson, Douglas and Umpqua counties, Oregon, and of Siskiyou and Klamath counties, California, have taken all the necessary steps to secure a full representation in the proposed general convention, to be held at Jacksonville on the 2th inst. The Herald advocates the movement. Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, January 7, 1854, page 2 NEW TERRITORY.--The citizens of Klamath and Siskiyou counties, in this state, and Douglas and Umpqua counties, in Oregon Territory, are to hold meetings in their several counties, and appoint delegates to a general convention to be held at Jacksonville on the 25th inst. The convention has for its object the formation of a new territory out of that portion of Oregon lying south of the Calapooya Mountains, and that portion of California lying north of the Trinity Mountains. Sacramento Daily Union, January 9, 1854, page 2 Items from the South.
Oregon Statesman, Oregon
City, January 24, 1854, page 2
Capt. Miller, of Jackson County, has permitted us to make the following
extracts from a letter received from one of his constituents:
Yreka, January 1,
1854.
Hon. John F. Miller--Dear Sir:--Being weary with the monotony of
Jacksonville, and having the temporary contract for carrying the mail
between here and Canyonville, I determined to spend a part of the
Christmas holidays in the queen of the mining towns. Everything is
brisk and lively here at this time. Provisions and dry goods plenty and
cheap. The tavern tables are loaded with the necessaries and luxuries
of life. This time last year the citizens could scarcely get a pound of
bread to eat at any price. What a contrast. Now 50 or 60 thousand
pounds could be had at 25 or 30 cents per pound. Flour sold yesterday,
by the trainload, at 20 cents.There are 7 stores or brick business houses on Main Street, 12 on Miners Street, and 4 more in different parts of town. There was a ball given at the Yreka Hotel, last Monday. It was the most brilliant affair that has ever taken place in Northern California. The citizens of Jacksonville, Jackson County, O.T., intend having a Jackson ball at the Robinson House on Monday, the 9th of this month, in honor of the Jackson victory over Packingham, on the 8th of January, 1815. Success to the Jackson jubilee. The first thing that took place of interest after your departure was the marriage of Hardy Elliff to Miss Melvina Baker, on the 15th ult. Good, better, best! If Hardy could get as young, beautiful, amiable and accomplished a girl as Miss Baker, what may not nika do? I am informed a correspondent of the Times heralded the marriage in it a week before it took place, while Hardy was compelled to remain a bachelor a week longer, much against his will. We would have had a good joke if the lady had told him afterwards you kant kome it quite. By the by, Mr. Elliff kept a good house at the east end of the Canyon, before he was married, for the accommodation of travelers, and now as he has a "live woman" at the head of the table, you may expect something extra. Call and see. I was at church this morning, and heard quite an animated sermon. I, however, could not learn his name nor the denomination to which he belonged, from his discourse, but I am informed that the is the Rev. Sutton, from Michigan, and that he and others have formed a new church here called the Yreka Union Church, which is a union of the scattering Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, Episcopalians, and Christians. He appeared to be in good earnest, and he is probably a very good fellow, as he sent us neither to hell nor heaven. The snow in the trail on the Trinity Mountains is 4 and 5 feet deep between here and Shasta City, and the snow and mud almost intolerable. Trains have recently been upwards of 35 days on the road from Crescent City to Jacksonville. The snow is now only 8 or 10 inches deep on the Siskiyou Mountains, which is as deep as it has been at any time this winter. From the best information we have there is a good harbor at Coos Bay, and plenty of water at all seasons of the year for the largest class vessels to enter the harbor with safety. Recently a road has been viewed from Coos Bay to Lookingglass Prairie, and they report that it is only 60 miles to Coos Bay from the west end of the Canyon, and that a wagon can now travel the route three-fourths of the way without any trouble. This will make Jacksonville only 125 miles from one of the best harbors in Oregon. If a good wagon road was made to Coos Bay, prices would change materially in Rogue River Valley. Flour would sell for 8 and 10 cents, and other freight would cost not more than 6 or 7 cents from San Francisco to Jacksonville while at present we pay 15, 20, 30 and 40 cents per pound even from Scottsburg and Crescent City. The citizens of this place and Jacksonville are in good, cool earnest about a new Territory, to be formed out of Southern Oregon and Northern California. Mass meetings are advertised to be held in a few days in Jackson, Umpqua, Douglas, Klamath and Siskiyou counties, to elect delegates to attend a general mass meeting to be held at Jacksonville, on the 25th of this month. This is right. I wrote and spoke three years ago that nature and nature's God had divided California and Oregon into 7 or 8 separate and distinct states. Then let one be made north of Columbia River and east of the Cascade Mountains, one south of the Columbia and north of the summit of the Calapooia Mountains, one including Umpqua, Rogue River, Shasta and Scotts valleys, one or two out of the balance of California, and in time three or four east of the Cascade Range of mountains. The sooner these divisions are made the better for Southern Oregon, yea, the better for every citizen of the Pacific Coast. Make each and all of these divisions, and then each state and Territory will have as many square miles as two-thirds of the states of this Union, and it would give us a respectable influence in the American Congress. If we had been represented by two or three delegates in Congress in place of one, our wants would have been better known in the States, and if our wants had been well known long ere this time we should have had a weekly mail between Oregon and California, which would have saved Southern Oregon and Northern California an enormous tax, which is weekly paid the express companies. But as it is, up to this good hour there is no mail carried between here and Shasta City, a distance of only 125 miles, and the officers of the post office department think 500 dollars sufficient to pay the expenses of carrying the mail on this route for 12 months, when in truth and in fact the actual cost would be four times five hundred. It only wants a few more members and delegates in Congress to let the members of the Atlantic States know what it costs to live in a gold country, for us to get justice done. The express companies bring 500 or 600 letters to this place every week and get two dollars for each letter, yet our government neglects, fails and refuses to pay more than five hundred dollars annually for transporting the mails from Shasta to this place, while the citizens pay double that to expresses every week. We have a good and generous government, that would scorn to neglect any of her citizens like Southern Oregon and Northern California have been neglected, if the members of the American Congress knew their true condition. Then let us have another Territory and another delegate to represent our interest; then, and not until then, may Southern Oregon and Northern California expect to get their proportional part of the distribution of the funds in the national treasury. THE NEW TERRITORY.--Mass meetings were to be held in this connection at Jacksonville, O.T., on the 7th, and at Yreka on the 14th inst. The convention will be held at Jacksonville on the 25th inst. Sacramento Daily Union, January 16, 1854, page 2
For the Oregonian.
MR. DRYER--Sir:--Enclosed
please find an extra from the Yreka Herald, received
here today with news of a late outbreak of hostilities with the Shasta
and Klamath Indians, in the neighborhood of the Klamath Cave. A company
of volunteers is organizing here to go to the assistance of the whites
in that vicinity. The Indians in this valley are perfectly quiet.
Business at this place is rather dull, caused through the scarcity of
water for the miners. So far we have had a very mild winter, and have
had but very little snow or rain. This weather has been of great
benefit to farmers, as they have lost no time in either plowing or
sowing wheat, barley and oats. The wheat crop will not be less than
3000 acres, and about half that much of barley and oats. A flouring
mill put up in this valley next summer is bound to make a fortune, and
if I understand the art of milling I would certainly risk a right smart
chance. The miners in this place and vicinity, who have water to wash
with, are doing well--making from $8 to $20 to the man. Provisions and
goods of every description are selling at low rates. Flour, 16 cents
per pound; bacon, 35; pork, 40; sugar, 30; coffee, 40; rice, 20;
butter, 75; boots, $4 to $8, and other goods in the same ratio.JACKSONVILLE, O.T., Jan. 17, 1854. The road from here through the canyon is very good; great improvements have been made on it by Mr. Jesse Applegate, who has been untiring in his exertions to improve it. Your excuses for not heretofore visiting this valley cannot be taken any longer, as the roads are passable from Portland to this place for wagons, carriages, buggies and good loping horses, and I am sure if you try it you will call it a pleasure trip of another sort to the one of last summer on the mountain. Come to this place first and return by way of Coos Bay and Scottsburg. Yours, truly, S.E. Oregonian, Portland, February 11, 1854, page 2 DIVISION OF THE TERRITORY.--We have been shown letters received by the southern members, urging upon them the necessity and expedience of making a move for the division of the Territory. A convention is to be held on the 25th of this month in Jacksonville, for the furtherance of this object. It is contemplated to make a new Territory out of that portion of California north of the Trinity Mountains and of that portion of Oregon south of the Calapooias. This question and the one in regard to the relocation of the public buildings have been prolific of considerable outdoor discussion. A majority of the members are opposed to a division of the Territory at the present time, but are willing to give the south the university if the southern members can agree on the location, but there seems to be but little probability of this, as the members of Umpqua and Douglas desire its location at Winchester, and the members of Jackson County at Jacksonville. "Legislative Summary," Oregon Statesman, Oregon City, January 24, 1854, page 2 Administrator's Notice.
Oregonian, Portland,
January 28, 1854, page 2NOTICE is hereby
given to all persons interested in the estate of JOHN
R. HARDIN,
late of Jackson County, deceased, that letters of administration have
been issued to the undersigned, out of the probate court of said
county, bearing date Oct. 17th, A.D. 1853, upon his said estate. All
persons having claims against said estate are requested to present the
same within the time prescribed by law, or they may be precluded from
the benefit of the same; and all persons indebted are requested to make
immediate payment.
JOHN W. McCULLY,
Adm'r.
Jacksonville, Jan. 2, A.D. 1854.Administrator's Notice.
Oregonian, Portland,
January 28, 1854, page 2NOTICE is hereby
given to all persons interested in the estate of JOHN
GIBBS,
late of Jackson County, deceased, that letters of administration have
been issued to the undersigned, out of the probate court of said
county, bearing date Oct. 18th, A.D. 1853, upon his said estate. All
persons having claims against said estate are requested to present the
same within the time prescribed by law, or they may be precluded from
the benefit of the same; and all persons indebted are requested to make
immediate payment.
JAMES H. RUSSEL,
Adm'r.
Jacksonville, Jan. 2, A.D. 1854.Administrator's Notice.
Oregonian, Portland,
January 28, 1854, page 2NOTICE is hereby
given to all persons interested in the estate of GEO.
B. REED,
late of Jackson County, deceased, that letters of administration have
been issued to the undersigned, out of the probate court of said
county, bearing date Oct. 17th, A.D. 1853, upon his said estate. All
persons having claims against said estate are requested to present the
same within the time prescribed by law, or they may be precluded from
the benefit of the same; and all persons indebted are requested to make
immediate payment.
JOHN E. ROSS, Adm'r.
Jacksonville, Jan. 2, A.D. 1854.Administrator's Notice.
Oregonian, Portland,
January 28, 1854, page 2NOTICE is hereby
given to all persons interested in the estate of WM.
R. ROSE,
late of Jackson County, deceased, that letters of administration have
been issued to the undersigned, out of the probate court of said
county, bearing date Oct. 18th, A.D. 1853, upon his said estate. All
persons having claims against said estate are requested to present the
same within the time prescribed by law, or they may be precluded from
the benefit of the same; and all persons indebted are requested to make
immediate payment.
A. S. BATES, Adm'r.
Jacksonville, Jan. 2, A.D. 1854.Administrator's Notice.
Oregonian, Portland,
January 28, 1854, page 2NOTICE is hereby
given to all persons interested in the estate of JAMES
MUNGO,
late of Jackson County, deceased, that letters of administration have
been issued to the undersigned, out of the probate court of said
county, bearing date Oct. 18th, A.D. 1853, upon his said estate. All
persons having claims against said estate are requested to present the
same within the time prescribed by law, or they may be precluded from
the benefit of the same; and all persons indebted are requested to make
immediate payment.
BENJAMIN HALSTEAD,
Adm'r.
Jacksonville, Jan. 2, A.D. 1854.Administrator's Notice.
Oregonian, Portland,
January 28, 1854, page 2NOTICE is hereby
given to all persons interested in the estate of THOMAS
FRAZELLE [Frizzell?],
late of Jackson County, deceased, that letters of administration have
been issued to the undersigned, out of the probate court of said
county, bearing date Oct. 18th, A.D. 1853, upon his said estate. All
persons having claims against said estate are requested to present the
same within the time prescribed by law, or they may be precluded from
the benefit of the same; and all persons indebted are requested to make
immediate payment.
JAMES P. FRAZELLE,
Adm'r.
Jacksonville, Jan. 2, A.D. 1854.AN ACT to establish a Territorial Road SEC. 1. Be it enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Oregon, That the military road from Myrtle Creek, in Douglas County, to Jacksonville, in Jackson County, be and the same is hereby declared a territorial road. SEC. 2. This act to take effect and be in force from and after the first day of June next. Z.
C. BISHOP,
I certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the original act.Speaker of the Ho. of Reps. RALPH WILCOX. President of the Council. JOHN
MCCRACKEN, Clerk.
Oregon Statesman, Oregon
City, January
31, 1854, page 1A NEW TERRITORY.--It seems the people in the northern portion of this state and the southern portion of Oregon are moving in earnest in favor of the creation of a new territory. They were electing delegates to attend a convention which was to have been held at Jacksonville, on the 25th instant. In referring to one of these meetings the Mountain Herald says: "On our first page will be found the proceedings of the mass meetings of the citizens of Siskiyou County. Able and enthusiastic remarks were made by Judge Robertson, John Cosby, Esq., H. G. Ferris, Esq. and others. The list of delegates from this county to the general convention at Jacksonville, on the 25th, may be found in the proceedings. Siskiyou will have a full delegation there. Never were the people more unanimous on any subject than are the people of the proposed new Territory on this. Let the sentiments of the people be heard at their general convention, so that our national, state and territorial representatives, in their respective legislative bodies, may fully represent our wishes in this important matter." Sacramento Daily Union, January 31, 1854, page 2 TERRITORIAL CONVENTION.--In pursuance to a call heretofore noticed, delegates from Siskiyou County, Cal., and Umpqua, Jackson and Coos counties, Oregon Territory, met in convention in Jacksonville, on the 28th January, and organized by the election of H. G. Ferris of Siskiyou, as president; E. Steele, of Yreka, and Samuel Colver of Jacksonville, vice presidents; and T. McF. Patton and C. S. Drew, secretaries. There were 21 delegates present, several counties not being represented at all. The convention resolved to use "every exertion to prevent the formation of a state government in Oregon with its present boundaries." Three committees were appointed to draft memorials--1st, to Congress; 2nd, to the California Legislature; 3rd, to the Oregon Legislature. A committee was also appointed "to draft a petition to circulate among the citizens of the proposed new Territory--said committee to consist of the sheriffs of the said counties." The convention then adjourned to meet at Jacksonville on the third Monday of April (the 17th). We are of the opinion that this movement is premature. However, the people of the counties directly interested ought to be the best judges of their wants. Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, February 11, 1854, page 3 For
the Oregonian.
New Territory!--Mass Meeting.
Oregonian, Portland,
February 11, 1854, page 2
In pursuance of a call, made and published in the Mountain Herald of
the 30th December, the citizens of Jackson County convened at the
Robinson House on Saturday, Jan. 7, for the purpose of taking into
consideration the propriety of organizing a new territory, and to
devise means to effect the same.
On motion, Samuel Culver, Esq., was elected President, and T. McF. Patton chosen Secretary. L. F. Mosher, Esq., was called upon to state the object of the meeting. On motion of Dr. Robinson, a committee of five were appointed by the president to draft a memorial to the legislative assembly, and also to nominate ten delegates to represent Jackson County in the general convention, to be held at this place on the 25th inst. The committee consisted of--Dr. Jesse Robinson, chairman, L. F. Mosher, W. W. Fowler, T. McF. Patton, S. C. Graves. The committee reported a memorial, which was unanimously adopted. It reported, also, the following names as delegates: W. W. Fowler, Wm. Burke, T. McF. Patton, Geo. Dart, A. McIntire, L. F. Mosher, C. S. Drew, Samuel Culver, John E. Ross, R. Dugan. On motion of J. A. Lupton, the secretary was requested to correspond with the different counties, and solicit a full delegation from each. On motion, the proceedings of this meeting were ordered to be published in all the Oregon papers--also the Mountain Herald. On motion, adjourned. SAMUEL CULVER,
Pres't.
T. McF. PATTON, Sec'y.New Territorial Convention.
In pursuance of a call made for a general convention, to discuss the
propriety of a division of the Territory of Oregon, and to devise means
to consummate the same, the delegates convened at the Robinson House,
in Jacksonville, on the 25th of January.
On motion of L. F. Mosher, the convention was organized by the election of H. G. Ferris, of Siskiyou Co., California, as president pro tem., and T. McF. Patton, of Jackson Co., Oregon Territory, as secretary. On motion of E. J. Curtis, a committee of three was appointed to examine credentials of delegates and report to convention. Committee consisted of Messrs. L. F. Mosher, Samuel Colver and C. N. Thornbury. On motion of L. F. Mosher, a committee of three was appointed to report permanent officers for the convention. Committee consisted of Geo. D. Snelling, S. Ettlinger and E. J. Curtis. On motion, convention adjourned until tomorrow, at 10 o'clock a.m. ----
THURSDAY,
Jan. 26, 1854.
Convention met pursuant to adjournment
and was called to order by the president.Mr. Mosher, from the committee on credentials, reported the following delegates: From Siskiyou Co., Cal.--Messrs. E. Steele, C. N. Thornbury, E. J. Curtis, H. G. Ferris, E. Moore, C. Wheelock and J. Darrah. From Jackson Co., Oregon--L. F. Mosher, R. Dugan, J. E. Ross, C. Sims, T. McF. Patton, S. Colver, D. M. Kenney, C. S. Drew, M. Angel and J. Robinson. From Coos Co., Oregon--S. Ettlinger and A. Little. From Umpqua Co., Oregon--G. L. Snelling. On motion, this report was received, and committee discharged. Mr. Snelling, from the committee on permanent officers, reported--for president, H. G. Ferris; vice presidents, E. Steele and S. Colver; secretaries, T. McF. Patton and C. S. Drew. The report was received and committee discharged. On motion of E. J. Curtis, a central committee was appointed for the purpose of corresponding with the various counties &c. Committee consisted of C. S. Drew, C. Sims, G. L. Snelling, C. N. Thornbury and L. F. Mosher. Mr. Mosher offered the following preamble and resolution, which was unanimously adopted: Whereas, The Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Oregon have introduced and passed an act providing for the sense of the people of said Territory to be taken in reference to the formation of a state government, Therefore Resolved, That we will use every exertion to prevent the formation of a state government in Oregon with its present boundaries. On motion, three committees were appointed, consisting of three each, for the purpose of drafting memorials: 1st to Congress, 2nd to the Oregon Legislature, and 3rd to the California Legislature. Committee to memorialize Congress--E. Steele, L. F. Mosher and E. J. Curtis. Committee to memorialize Oregon Legislature--G. L. Snelling, T. McF. Patton and D. M. Kenney. Committee to memorialize California Legislature--C. N. Thornbury, E. Moore and W. A. Robertson. On motion of E. Steele, a committee of six was appointed, consisting of the sheriffs of the several counties, for the purpose of circulating a petition for a division of this Territory. On motion, Samuel Colver was chosen chairman of said committee and vested with instructions to prepare the petition and forward the same to each of the sheriffs, as aforesaid, for circulation. The following resolution was introduced and adopted: Resolved, That this convention adjourn to meet at Jacksonville on the third Monday in April next (17th), A.D. 1854. On motion, the proceedings of this convention, signed by the officers, were ordered to be forwarded to the editors of the Mountain Herald, Oregonian, Oregon Statesman, Oregon Weekly Times and Spectator, with a request that they be published. On motion, convention adjourned. H. G. FERRIS,
Pres't.
E. STEELE, SAMUEL COLVER, Vice Presidents. T. McF. PATTON, C. S. DREW, Secretaries. Oregonian, Portland,
February 25, 1854, page 2
"LEGISLATIVE
HALL,
Salem, O.T.,
"Editors Mountain Herald: This Legislature is great on names. The name
of Albany is changed to "Takenah," Marysville to " Corvallis," Grave
Creek to "Leland," and Rogue River to "Gold River." We hope that
hereafter rogues will be more scarce and gold more abundant on this
river. Great efforts have been made to change the name of Salem, but
the friends of the measure cannot agree among themselves upon the name.Jan. 27th, 1854. "NEW TERRITORY.--A resolution was introduced today in the House of the Legislative Assembly, requesting our Delegate in Congress to use his influence to form a New Territory out of Southern Oregon and Northern California. Every member south of the Calapooya Mountain voted for the resolution, and everyone north of this mountain against it. So the resolution was lost, there being only five members south of the proposed northern boundary line of our new Territory. The northern portion of Oregon seems determined to hold on to the south and compel her to pay taxes, without an equal representation." INDIAN DIFFICULTIES.--The Yreka Herald says: "An intelligent citizen of Scott's Valley, with whom we had the pleasure of a conversation on this subject on Monday last, informs us th at the Indians in that Valley, who have for the last two years been perfectly friendly and inoffensive, since the affair at [the] Cave, have become quite impudent, and have commenced to steal blankets, &c. This state of affairs is one of the natural consequences of the withdrawal of the troops from the stronghold of the Shasta Indians before conquering them. "We are well assured, as we stated in our last, that unless these Indians are summarily dealt with, and that immediately, we will ere three months from the present time be involved in a general Indian war." THE ROGUE RIVER WAR, exclusive of soldiers' pay, is said to have cost $93,511.25. "Oregon and Yreka," Sierra Citizen, Downieville, California, February 25, 1854, page 3 Another Indian War.
It will be seen by the following letter, just received, that the
Indians in the neighborhood of Coquille are not inclined to remain
peaceable only while they have the fear of powder and American
promptness and bravery before their eyes. We are rather inclined to
think this the shortest Indian war on record.Randolph
City, Coquille Mines
Mr. Bush--Dear Sir:--We have had a difficulty with the Indians, the
details of which may be interesting to your numerous readers.January 29, 1854. The Indians located at the mouth of the Coquille have repeatedly warned the people residing here, and the miners scattered along the beach, that if they did not leave they would compel them to, or kill them. They have also committed several thefts, breaking into the houses of miners when they were absent at work, and stealing their provisions, ammunition &c. Two days since a messenger arrived together with an interpreter from the Indian agent at Port Orford and requested the Chief to come in and have a talk. He replied that he did not want to talk, that he wanted to fight, that he was an enemy to the whites and always would be an enemy. He also said that the Bostons were gone (meaning the soldiers) and that the rest of the Americans were all women and could not fight and that he intended to kill them all. Yesterday morning a small party from this place and vicinity together with a few resident at the Coquille attacked them at their rancharee and killed fifteen Indians; the rest fled--they then burnt the rancharee. The Chief was wounded, being shot through the shoulder. Two squaws were killed by accident. Eight squaws were taken prisoner. Later in the day the Chief came in and gave himself up. He said he was sorry that he was hostile to the whites and promised to behave better in future, that his heart was now changed. He also said that he had thought that it was only the soldiers who could fight, but that he had now found out his mistake. After some talk the prisoners were all set at liberty, some provisions were given them, and they were told that as long as they remained friendly and did not steal or molest the whites in their avocations they should be unmolested, and that if any white men injured them they should come in and make it known and have the matter investigated, and if wronged they should receive reparation. So the matter stands--war was declared, the enemy conquered, and peace restored in less than twelve hours. How long they will remain peaceable time will show. There was one thing which happened at which humanity shudders, but it is believed on all hands to have been purely accidental. After the firing had ceased a squaw was found in a swamp shot dead with her helpless infant lying by her side, so young as to be unconscious that its mother had ceased to live; she was endeavoring to get away with her child when a ball struck her which was intended for a man. Before the attack it was expressly agreed and understood that no women or children should be killed, and I repeat that it was purely accidental and is deplored by all. In connection with the case above named allow me to record an act of humanity: the men endeavored to persuade the squaws who were taken prisoners to go and bring in the child which lay by its dead mother, but they positively refused, saying that their chief would kill them if they touched it. One of the company then went out and brought the child in his arms and pulled off his shirt and wrapped it in it and gave it to one of the squaws and compelled her to nurse it. To the honor of the men concerned, be it recorded that there were none of those barbarous scenes enacted which make civilization blush for its name! No scalping or other desecration of the dead. They turned away feeling that they had performed a melancholy duty and sick at heart at the blood they shed. The people here are very poorly armed. A meeting was held in this place yesterday, the proceedings of which were ordered to be published, which I expect you will receive in due time. I will, however, give a copy of one resolution which was passed with but one dissenting voice. "Resolved, That if any person or persons shall sell, give, barter, or in any manner dispose of any gun, rifle, pistol, carbine or other firearms, or any powder, lead, caps or other ammunition, to any Indian or Indians, such person or persons so offending shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and for the first offense shall receive thirty-nine lashes upon the bare back, and for the second offense shall suffer death." Yours,
respectfully,
Undated
Oregon Statesman
clipping, NARA Series M234, Letters
Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, Reel
608 Oregon
Superintendency 1853-1855, frame 562.Wm. J. Berry. FOR
SALE.
Valuable Claims in Rogue River Valley. OUR CLAIMS, adjoining
each other,
comprising a section in one body, about three miles from Jacksonville,
about one hundred acres in timber (oak, ash, pine &c.); the
remainder the best of prairie land. The improvements are a good
two-storied new frame House, with hewn log back building, and a log
cabin; about sixty acres are fenced, mostly under cultivation with
wheat.
There are several fine springs on the claims, and a branch running through them; besides the fine range on the premises for stock, there are several thousand acres this farm will always have the advantage of. Wishing to devote our whole attention to a flouring mill, we will sell a bargain, and will, if desired, take stock in part payment. Travelers through the territory say this is one of the best farms in it. Address "McKinnell and Hoffman," Jacksonville. This house is on the road to Yreka, and would be an excellent stand for a tavern. Oregon Statesman, Salem, February 21, 1854, page 3 NEW TERRITORY.--A resolution was introduced today in the House of the Legislative Assembly, requesting our Delegate in Congress to use his influence to form a new Territory out of Southern Oregon and Northern California. Every member south of the Calapooya Mountain voted for the resolution, and every one north of this mountain against it. So the resolution was lost, there being only five members south of the proposed northern boundary line of our new Territory. The northern portion of Oregon seems determined to hold on to the south, and compel her to pay taxes without an equal representation. Mr. Jackson, from Clackamas County, then introduced a resolution requesting our Delegate to use his influence to prevent the formation of a itory, which passed by a large majority; however, every member south of the Calapooya Mountain voted against it. This vote will be an advantage to the friends of the itory, as it shows that the whole southern delegation are united, and determined to have a itory. The votes of the members north of the Calapooya Mountain, during the whole session, have been oppressive to the south, and well calculated to compel the people to form a itory, and set up for themselves. Mr. Martin from Douglas County introduced a bill sometime last week, locating the University of Oregon at Winchester. This bill was summarily laid on the table. Soon afterwards, a bill was introduced in the Council, moving the whole of the public buildings farther south, locating the Penitentiary at Oregon City, the Capitol at Corvallis, late Marysville, and the University at Winchester, for the purpose of doing the southern part of Oregon ample justice in the distribution of the public buildings. But this bill was too just and equitable to pass this august and selfish body. So it was indefinitely postponed yesterday, which gives it a quietus this session. Southern Oregon has now nothing to expect from the Legislative Assembly of Oregon, and a division is inevitable. Southern Oregon has more than one-third of the population of the Territory, yet she has only five members in the House out of twenty-six, and only one member in the Council out of nine. As five is to twenty-six, or one to nine, so are the rights, privileges and interests of Southern Oregon respected in this Legislative Assembly. She will pay one-third of the taxes of the Territory, yet she is denied the location of the University, notwithstanding not a dollar has yet been expended at Corvallis. What then has she to expect from the Territorial Legislature? Nothing. But we have one consolation left. We can and will have a itory, without their assistance. Northern California and Southern Oregon have the resources within themselves to make a large, respectable and wealthy state. The proposed itory has fertile valleys, rich mines and good harbors that is equal to any on the Pacific Coast, and she has at this time population enough to support a respectable state government. The sooner a itory is formed, the sooner Northern California and Southern Oregon will become a prosperous, wealthy and happy state of the American Union. I have the honor to remain, yours respectfully, B.F.D.
[B. F. Dowell?]
"Late and Interesting from
Oregon," San Francisco
Evening Journal, February 21, 1854, page 2--[Cor. Yreka Her. The Jacksonville correspondent of the Herald, writing on the 21st, says that on Sunday last a man named David Haynes (a discharged soldier) was shot through the body by a man named Mount, belonging to a company of infantry stationed at Fort Lane. Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, March 4, 1854, page 2 JACKSONVILLE, OREGON.--A correspondent writes from this point that new diggings are being discovered on the right-hand fork of Jackson Creek. On the claim of Osborne & Co., among other specimens, one was found weighing 16½ ounces. "Mining," Sacramento Daily Union, March 8, 1854, page 2 MARRIED.--In Gold River Valley, at the residence of her father, Feb. 23rd, by Reverend M. N. Stearns, Mr. Patrick Dunn to Miss Mary M. Hill, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeh Hill. "From
Yreka," Shasta Courier, Shasta
City, California, March 11, 1854, page
2
The cost of the Rogue River War, exclusive of the pay of soldiers, is said to have been $93,511.25. The Legislature has changed a number of the names of rivers and towns: for instance, Rogue River is now Gold River; Grave Creek, Leland Creek; Albany, Takenah; Marysville, Corvallis &c. A law has been passed prohibiting labor and public amusements on Sunday. Further difficulties had occurred with the Indians on Coquille River. Some alleged outrages by the red men were avenged by a party of fifty miners, who attacked an Indian village and killed 16 of the aborigines. "Oregon," New York Times, March 13, 1854, page 3 We would call the attention of the farmers to Mr. M. Wheat's lot of grape vines, with roots. They are from the celebrated vineyard of E. L. Beard, San Jose, Cal. He is established at M. Fout's, Canemah. Mr. W. will travel through the Territory, visiting the farmers and the several towns. This branch of horticulture deserves the attention of the people of Oregon. Oregon Spectator, Oregon City, March 24, 1854, page 2 MARRIED.
Sacramento Daily Union, March
24, 1854, page 2(Married in Oregon.)
At Portland, March 13, by the Rev. Mr. Lyman, Mr. HENRY
BROWN, of Jacksonville, to MISS
SARAH ROUNTREE.
There has been a movement in Southern Oregon of some significance, working to the erection of a new state in that quarter. Meetings and conventions have been held, and memorials will go forward to Washington urging the proposition. Charters have been granted for a railroad from Umpqua to Portland, and for two roads around the Clackamas Rapids. There are favorable reports from the mines in the south. The miners about Jacksonville have commenced a canal to bring Applegate Creek to that town, through a rich mining district. The canal will be fourteen miles long. "Oregon Territory," New York Daily Herald, March 26, 1854, page 2 JACKSONVILLE.--The mines in this vicinity are rich and extensive. Want of water has prevented extensive working. The enterprise of bringing the waters of Applegate Creek to these diggings has been long talked of, and will eventually be accomplished. ROGUE RIVER.--The bars are auriferous, but few have been worked advantageously. SAILOR DIGGINGS.--Extensive placer diggings, supplied with water from Illinois Creek by two races. ALTHOUSE and Sucker creeks are of considerable mining importance. The former yielded largely in places last summer, and will be worked successfully in the bed of the stream the coming season. The latter is generally bank diggings. NEW DIGGINGS.--A correspondent, writing from Jacksonville, Oregon, says that new surface diggings have been discovered near Fort Lane, which bid fair to prove rich and extensive. The miners there are doing exceedingly well, better than has been done since the first discovery of gold in Rich Gulch, some two years ago. It is thought this region has not been fairly prospected. Rich diggings are said to have been discovered on Rogue River, below the "ferries," and several gentlemen of Jacksonville have gone to visit them. "Mining," Sacramento Daily Union, March 27, 1854, page 2 The agitation in the north for the formation of a territory out of the Klamath country still continues. Another convention had been called for, to meet at Jacksonville, O.T., on the 7th of April. "Two Weeks Later from California," Putnam County Courier, Carmel, New York, April 1, 1854, page 2 Letter from Oregon.
Randolph City,
Oregon Territory,
Messrs.
Editors:
I will give you some few items as they have transpired here. I wrote
you last fall giving you the general news up to that time (November).
Since which time nothing of importance has taken place of a general
character, except we have had quite a severe winter for Oregon; snow
fell about Christmas to the depth of two feet upon a level about the
seashore, and a great deal deeper back in the mountains. I was on Cape
Blanco at the time; this is the most westerly point of land on the
Pacific Coast in the boundaries of the United States, and about two
hundred feet above the level of the sea. While there the Indians gave
us some trouble. (And this brought to my mind what my father had often
told me, that I would keep going west until I come to the jumping-off
place. I thought then I
had found it.)
There is at present a great deal of mining done on the seashore. Miners
could do but little during the winter months on account of high tides
caused by the southwest wind and a current in the ocean, that sits down
the coast or south, but during the summer months the prevailing wind is
from the northwest and blowing with the current causes much lower tides
than in winter. These beach diggins are the best I have seen since I
have been in this country. Miners make from one ounce ($16.00) to four
hundred dollars per day (but
few of the latter,
I understand). All the mines are full and hundreds prospecting for new
diggins and many young men preparing to go to Sonora and
Lower
California, and if the United States does not purchase the above
places, I do not know where we will tramp to next. We all like
traveling, but we want the protection of Uncle Sam.April 29, 1854. I expect to quit mining after the summer and return to the old North State; times are getting quite dull in Oregon; wheat is only worth $2 per bushel; butter 3½ per pound; beef 12 to 16; potatoes 3 cents per pound; lumber will not pay for sawing, &c. There are several new towns springing upon on the coast of Oregon, at Port Orford, Paragon Bay, Coos Bay, &c. There is but little doing in politics except President Pierce's trouble to get judges in Oregon to suit him; he first appointed Judge Deady, and then thought he would not do; removed him and appointed O. B. McFadden of Penn. to fill his place. Some of the unwashed Democracy here did not like this and wrote to Gen. Lane and Pierce; they then removed McFadden and appointed Deady again his place. I suppose by this time he has the latter removed again. I occasionally come across a stray Carolinian; I saw yesterday Mr. James Bynum, whose father lives near Germanton in Stokes County. I will close for the present, but I will write you occasionally while here. I remain yours, &c. BUNKUM.
The
Greensborough Patriot, Greensboro, North Carolina, June
17, 1854, page 3MARRIED.
In Alfred,
April 27, by Eld. N. V.
Hull, Mr. Clark Rogers, of Jacksonville, Oregon, to Mrs. Emma S.
Stillman, of Alfred."Summary," Sabbath Recorder, New York City, May 4, 1854, page 187 Judge McFadden.
We are happy to state that Judge
McFadden's
family have received a letter from him during the past week. At the
date of the letter, he was in fine health and spirits, and delighted
with his Oregon home. He is now permanently located at Jacksonville,
Jackson County, Oregon Territory. His friends wishing to write to him
will please note the address as we have given it. Judge McFadden
designs returning to Washington on a visit sometime next fall or winter.
Washington Examiner, Washington, Pennsylvania, May 20, 1854, page 2 MARRIED.
On Tuesday,
April 27, by Rev. T. F. Royal, Dr. Jesse Robinson of Jacksonville, to
Miss Lutitia [sic]
Constant, of Jackson Co.
On the 9th inst., by Judge T. McF. Patton, Mr. J. H. Russell, to Miss Ann H. Hill, all of Jackson County. Oregon Statesman, Salem, May 30, 1854, page 3 NEW PAPER IN OREGON.--The Umpqua Weekly Gazette is published at Scottsburg; D. J. Lyons, editor, and Wm. J. Beggs, publisher. Indian difficulties, says the Oregonian, are not at an end in the Rogue River country. It seems that nothing short of extermination will suffice to prevent Indian murders and thefts. New York Times, June 24, 1854, page 2 J. Applegate and party will leave about the 20th inst. to explore a road from the south fork of the Coquille to the Rogue River Valley, which, from all accounts, will be found practicable. A party from San Francisco [illegible] to build a railroad to connect the south pass with the Coquille, which can be done at little expense, as it will not exceed four miles over level ground or nearly so; the greatest rise does not exceed 30 feet, and width 300 yards--I have been over the route myself. Letter from Nathaniel Crosby, dated April 9, Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, May 12, 1854, page 3 Jacksonville,
O.T., May 5th, 1854.
Mr. Editor:--A few days since, information was received here that
the Gazette
would make its appearance on the first of May. Presuming that to have
been the case, I venture to give you an item or two concerning matters
here.
Our valley, for the past year, has been seriously affected by the Indian war--so much so that a great pressure has been felt during the past winter, throughout the entire valley, both in money and in merchandise, but at this time things are improving, and will, if they continue, soon be placed upon the same footing as they were in the prosperous days of Jacksonville. The valley never looked finer, and in no part of Oregon does there appear to be an equal amount of enterprise, and, considering the destruction of property the last year, great credit is due to the residents here, for the spirit and determination manifested. The Indian troubles are no doubt at an end, and the efforts of our efficient Indian agent, Mr. Culver, are untiring to keep them so. Our merchants are much encouraged by the appearance of miners, who are daily returning to their old but never-failing field of labor, with strong hopes of success in the mines about here. The present week has been one of some little interest, it being court week. Yet I believe that but little business of importance was transacted. One Patrick Starr, a soldier, shot David Harris, with intent to kill him, in February last. The grand jury found an indictment against him, at this court, upon that charge, upon which he was tried, convicted and sentenced by Judge Deady to hard labor in the penitentiary for ten years. Starr was defended by S. C. Graves, Esq., and Messrs. Brenan and Prim. The prosecution was conducted by S. F. Chadwick, Esq., Prosecuting Attorney, assisted by L. F. Mosier, Esq. Lieut. Ogle, after ten days' search for Tyee Tipsy, returned without finding him. The continuance of peace depends in a great measure upon the death of this rascal Tipsy, who is the perpetrator of nearly all the thefts in the valley. Capt. Smith, of Fort Lane, is very mindful of his duty, and the settlers have full confidence in him, and believe him equal to their demands at any moment. The political conventions have met, and for district offices nominated the following gentlemen. The Democrats nominated R. E. Stratton, Esq., of Douglas, for Prosecuting Attorney. The Whigs nominated Mr. Prim, of Jackson, for the same office. Ex-Judge McFadden received the nomination for councilman at the Democratic convention. This was intended as a mark of respect to Judge McFadden, with the understanding, as I am credibly informed, that when made the Judge would resign in favor of another gentleman of his party, Capt. Mosier, which was accordingly done, and Capt. Mosier is in the field. The Whig convention nominated Dr. Cleaveland, a gentleman of ability and standing, who, it is said, will decline to run, should Judge McFadden change his mind. A committee of Dr. Cleaveland's friends have waited on Judge McFadden to receive an answer from him on the subject of his running. There will be a ball at the Robinson House on the 10th inst., which no doubt will prove a good one. It is regretted very much that it could not have come off during the session of the court, thereby giving our friends from abroad an opportunity to enjoy themselves. Mr. Ives, Deputy Surveyor, has arrived in our valley, and began his work on the meridian line. Yours, Z. [Jesse Applegate]
Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg,
May 12, 1854, page
2 Jesse Applegate also signed his letters to the Oregon Spectator "Z."U.S. District Court, May Term.
Jackson
County, O.T.
HON. M. P. DEADY, Judge.J. W. DREW, Esq., U.S. Marshal. R. E. STRATTON, Esq., U.S. Attorney. S. F. CHADWICK, Esq., District Attorney. ATTORNEY IN ATTENDANCE--Messrs. T'Vault & Kenney; Messrs. Graves & Pierson; Messrs. Brenan & Prim; R. E. Stratton, Esq.; S. F. Chadwick, Esq.; T. McF. Patton, Esq., and S. F. Mosier, Esq. Territory of Oregon vs. Thomas Anderson. Indictment for rape. Not found. Discharged. Territory of Oregon vs. Isaac Constant. Recognizance discharged. Territory of Oregon vs. Jacob Dobson. Indictment for murder, alias bench warrant. Territory of Oregon vs. Rouse. Indictment for maliciously killing hogs; alias bench warrant. Territory of Oregon vs. Mitchell. Indictment for murder; alias bench warrant. Territory of Oregon vs. Patrick Starr. Indictment for shooting with intent to kill. Tried. Verdict, guilty. Sentenced to ten years' hard labor in the penitentiary. Territory of Oregon vs. Samuel Kenney. Indictment for aiding and abetting. Continued. Samuel Smith vs. P. U. Stowe. Motion to quash suit. Allowed. Samuel Kincaid vs. Morgan W. Davis. Judgment for plaintiff, $61.80. T. S. Harris vs. James Rostel. Continued. Samuel Weeks vs. John F. Miller. Continued. Wm. Yates vs. Daniel Langdon. Assumpsit. Defendant withdrew plea and demurrer. Damages assessed by Clerk of the Court. R. W. Shockley vs. John Huber. Dismissed. Avery Stearns was admitted to the bar upon certificate. Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, May 12, 1854, page 2 From Yreka.
We are under obligations to Cram, Rogers
& Co. for the Mountain
Herald of the 6th; and also for a file of Oregon papers.Rhodes & Co. likewise furnished us with a copy of the Herald of the 6th, from which we extract the following: "The Legislature is to adjourn on the 15th inst. We hope Mr. Whipple's bill to make an appropriation for the survey of the northern boundary of this state will pass. The inhabitants of Illinois Valley and the Althouse country are yet in doubt as to whether they are in California or Oregon, as will be seen by reference to our Althouse correspondence. Also, those of the upper end of Rogue River Valley, many supposing that the line runs within a very few miles of Jacksonville. If such is the case, there is a long, rich and thickly settled country between that point and the mountain, belonging to California, the people of which now vote at the Oregon elections." We are informed by Jack Horsley that he passed a drove of 1700 sheep, on their way from Rogue River Valley to the Sacramento. They were brought across the Plains last season, and wintered in Oregon. Shasta Courier, Shasta City, California, May 13, 1854, page 2 The Spirit of Southern Whigs.
The
following is clipped from the Yreka, California Herald, of
April 16, purporting to be from the hand of a correspondent in Jackson
County, Oregon, signing himself "Philom." It reveals a combined action
of the Whigs everywhere, to defeat the early formation of a state
government, and to secure a
division of our Territory, and
leave Oregon in a state of colonial vassalage for ten or fifteen years
longer, while she ought, for her own good, and the development of the
Pacific Coast, to be exerting an influence, and taking an active part
as a sovereign state of our Union:"Our annual election takes place in June--this county is entitled to four members of the Legislative Assembly, and one councilman--no candidates are yet in the field, and it is hoped by many that none of our citizens will degrade themselves by asking this community to elect them to a legislature in which they have no voice; they can vote, 'tis true, but their votes avail nothing so long as we are attached to this walla-walla nation. If any candidates do present themselves for any office whatever, to ensure success, they must be with us on the itorial question. "To give you some idea of Oregon misrule, I will only cite one act of those who have held absolute sway over Oregon the last few years. They (the Durhams) have not been content with opposing every matter of interest to Southern Oregon, at all times and on all occasions; they have even gone so far as to insult our representatives in the legislative chambers, and that, too, within the past winter--yet they are not satisfied! They have now aimed their poisoned arrows at the appointees of the present administration, and through intrigue and misrepresentation, no doubt, have effected the removal of Hon. O. B. McFadden from the district judgeship of the first judicial district of this Territory, and have secured the reappointment of M. P. Deady to that office, from which he was sometime since removed. "Of M. P. Deady, as a private citizen at home (in Willamette Valley), we have nothing to say, but that he should hold such a responsible position among us while he is yet subservient to the will of our enemies we have serious objections, for it is a well-established fact that M. P. Deady, as a member of the Durham clique before alluded to, has opposed every measure of importance to Southern Oregon, while on the other hand Judge McFadden, though but a short time amongst us, has made for himself many warm and true friends from the fact that he has identified himself with the interests of this county, and of this section of Oregon generally; we trust he may yet spend many happy days among us, notwithstanding the hostility of the 'Durham Democracy.' "The question is, how long shall we be the unwilling servants of this certain clique styling themselves the 'Democracy of Oregon.' Let the ballot box answer on the 9th of June next, when it is hoped that every voter who feels an interest in Southern Oregon will see that 'against convention' is on his ticket before casting his vote. More anon. Yours,
Saying nothing of the bad spirit of the above article, there is a want
of truth, as usual, in Whig productions, in the material allegations.
Jackson County, in proportion to its population, has the largest
representation in our Legislature of any county in the territory. This
cannot, and will not, be denied. The delegation from that county last
winter were men of character and influence in the Assembly. They
obtained the passage of every single measure they claimed for Southern
Oregon, with the one exception of the location of the university south
of the Calapooia Mountains. And they had the strength to effect this,
but the members south could not agree among themselves where it should
be located. As to insults
to those gentlemen, we will only say they were men
who did not take insults.PHILOM." Judge McFadden was transferred to Washington Territory at the solicitation of his own friends in Pennsylvania, as he himself intimates in his note [below] to the Democratic convention in Jackson County declining a nomination for the council, published in today's paper, and not through the "intrigue" of "Durhams," as this owl-eyed critic imagines. Judge Deady purchased a farm and became a substantial citizen of Douglas County, in the center of the Southern Judicial District, before entering upon the important duties of his office as judge of that district, and long before Judge McFadden ever came to Oregon. The injustice of this absurd attack upon Judge Deady is palpable. The whole object of this scribbler is by low appeals to the prejudices of the people, created and led by willful misrepresentations of facts, to defeat a vote for convention in order to strengthen his disunion project. We hope our citizens of the south, as well as the north, will look at this matter in its true light. Oregon Statesman, Oregon City, May 23, 1854, page 2 Jackson County Democratic
Convention.
According to previous notice the Democracy of Jackson County assembled
at the Eldorado, in Jacksonville, on Wednesday, May 3rd, 1854, for the
purpose of organizing the Democratic Party, and nominating suitable
candidates for offices to be filled at the next June election:
Whereupon the meeting was called to order by Col. W. G. Pierson. S. H. Taylor was called to the chair, and Lycurgus Jackson was appointed secretary. The chairman stated the object of the meeting, and On motion of W. G. T'Vault resolutions were adopted in favor of organizing the Democratic Party in Jackson County, and nominating candidates to be supported at the next June election. On motion of Dr. Geo. H. Ambrose, the convention proceeded to the nomination, which resulted as follows: For the Territorial Council--O. B. McFadden. The following letter was addressed to Judge McFadden informing him of his nomination: Jacksonville, May 3, 1854.
Dear Sir:--I have the honor to inform you that at the Democratic County
Convention, held at this place today, you were declared the unanimous
nominee of the Democratic Party of Jackson County for the office of
Territorial Council of Oregon, to be supported at the approaching
general election. With an expression of the general anxiety for
Democratic friends that you will be pleased to accept favorably this
evidence of the confidence reposed in you by the Democratic Party, I
trust you will also accept the assurance of the high regard of your
friends,S.
H. TAYLOR, Chairman.
LYCURGUS JACKSON, Sec'y. ----
Jackson County, May 3, 1854
Dear Sir:--Your kind favor of the 3rd instant is now before me, informing me that the Democratic Convention which assembled in Jacksonville on today have nominated me as their candidate to represent Jackson County in the Territorial Council, and asking my acceptance of the same. This manifestation of kind regard on the part of my Democratic fellow citizens of Jackson County is as flattering to my feelings as it was unexpected. It is to me a most gratifying circumstance that during my short sojourn amongst you, I have been able to receive the friendship and confidence of the entire Democratic Party of this county. A representative may well be proud of such a constituency as Jackson County presents. I would desire no more glorious position than to be your standard bearer in this your first effort for the organization of the Democratic Party of this district. In accepting the nomination which has been so generously tendered to me for the first and most honorable position in your gift, I feel that no personal sacrifice on my part would be too great, but I feel that I would be placing my friends at home in a position not warranted by their repeated acts of kindness to me. For reasons which at the time were entirely satisfactory to me, I requested my Pennsylvania friends to ask President Pierce, if compatible with his views, to transfer me in my official position to the Territory of Washington. The President has been kind enough to accede to the request, and has honored me with a judicial position in Washington Territory. The acceptance of the nomination which you have so kindly tendered me might seriously embarrass me in my future movements. I must therefore decline the proffered honor; whether I remain in Jackson County or seek my future home in our sister Territory, believe me, sir, I will ever cherish the friendship which I have made in Oregon, and more especially the kind regards which have ever been manifested to me by the generous and big-hearted citizens of Jackson County--a county new in her settlements, but rich in the good fellowship of her citizens, and destined to a glorious future. The nominees of the Convention will most assuredly receive the cordial support of the entire Democratic Party. In the accomplishment of this very laudable purpose will the labors of your humble servant be directed--I have the honor to be very truly your friend, O.
B. McFadden.
Thereupon L. F. Mosher was nominated for that office.For Representatives--Patrick Dunn, Jesse Walker, Martin Angel and Daniel Newcomb. For Sheriff--Thomas Pyle. Prosecuting Attorney--E. R. Stratton. Judge of Probate--S. C. Graves. County Treasurer--Lycurgus Jackson. County Commissioner--Henry Rowland. Assessor--A. J. Kane. Superintendent of Common Schools--T. F. Royal. Coroner--Eber Emery. Colonel--John F. Miller. Lieut. Colonel--Thomas Smith. Major--James H. Russell. On motion of W. G. T'Vault, resolutions commendatory of the judicial course of judges McFadden and Deady were adopted. On motion of S. C. Graves, the chair appointed the following gentlemen a Central Committee: George W. Parson, John F. Miller, Dr. George H. Ambrose, Samuel Culver, G. H. Davidson. On motion of Major J. A. Lupton, the Convention adjourned. SYLVESTER
H. TAYLOR, President
Oregon Statesman, Oregon
City, May 23, 1854, pages 2-3Lycurgus Jackson, Secretary From Oregon.
We have had dates from Portland up to the 15th of May.
The Applegate and Rogue River Indians were about going to war with each other at the last accounts, and Gen. Palmer, Indian Superintendent, has gone tot he southern portion of this Territory to effect a peace, if possible, and induce the Indians to take to agriculture. The coal of Coos Bay and Bellingham Bay, in Washington Territory, is found to be of very good quality, and preparations are being made at both places for extensive mining. New York Herald, June 9, 1854, page 2 THE WAGON ROAD.--The work on this road is still progressing, and each day we hear of its rapid advancement. We prophesy that in a few years the trail will cover a portion of this road, and heavy trains, laden with produce and provisions, be running from Scottsburg to Portland. This prophecy to many may appear chimerical, and savor a little of gas. Nevertheless it is sure to come to pass, as the Umpqua Valley is the only natural outlet from the interior of Southern Oregon to the Pacific Ocean. Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg,
May 26, 1854, page 2
C. S. Drew, Esq., Jacksonville, is authorized to act as agent for the Gazette. Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg,
May 26, 1854, page 2
Jacksonville,
O.T., May 10, 1854.
Mr. Editor: Permit me to tender you my acknowledgments for the receipt
of the first number of your paper--The
Umpqua Weekly Gazette.This portion of Oregon, since its early settlement, has labored under very many serious disadvantages for the want of a medium through which its citizens might advocate their own rights and make their wants known to the world, and to this object I have no doubt you will lend a helping hand, inasmuch as such a course, if properly pursued, would prove of vital importance to every citizen of Southern Oregon, to say nothing of its beneficial results to the northern counties of California. It is true the Mountain Herald has generously espoused our cause, and has at all times and on all occasions used every exertion to promote the best interests of this section of the country. Yet from the fact of that valuable sheet being located south of the forty-second parallel, in a country of more than ordinary interest, whose citizens are noted for their enterprise, industry and generosity, we must not claim nor expect to receive the boon to which they are justly entitled. Southern Oregon and Northern California possess superior advantages over any other portion of the Pacific coast, and in view of its agricultural and mineral resources, its metes and boundaries fixed by the God of Nature, together with the general good feeling existing among all classes of its citizens towards each other, it seems to be almost a Nation of itself. Nothing can appear more beautiful to the eye than a glance over our exceedingly rich and fertile valleys--to gaze with wonder and delight at the permanency of our improvements, which have sprung into existence in the short space of three years--the indomitable energy of our citizens in securing to themselves homes, not inferior to those they left behind them--while on our placers and in our ravines and mountain gorges you behold the "hardy miner," toiling on, toiling ever--constantly looking for his "pile," which will enable him to return to his loved ones at home, or perhaps furnish the means of bringing them to their future home in this land of gold. With my best wishes for your success in your laudable undertaking, I remain Respectfully yours, Philom. Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg,
May 26, 1854, page 2
STAGING.--Parties have been examining the road between Yreka and Jacksonville, with the view of establishing a daily line of coaches. The transit of the mountains will be made by horses and mules from the foot of the Trinity mountain to Callahan's ranch at the head of Scott Valley. The road will previously require repairing. Sacramento Daily Union, May 27, 1854, page 2 A LONG STAGE ROUTE.--The Jacksonville correspondent of the Mountain Herald says Messrs. McLaughlin & McComb have been examining the road between that place and Shasta, with the view of establishing a line of coaches to connect with the stage line from this place to Sacramento. Their plan is to run coaches from Shasta to the foot of Trinity Mountains, where they will keep a supply of good horses and mules to convey passengers over Trinity and Scott mountains to Callahan's Ranch, at the head of Scott Valley, and thence coaches again from Callahan's to Yreka, and from Yreka to Jacksonville. The same writer says as soon as the wagon road is opened from Illinois Valley to Crescent City the line will be extended to that place. If Messrs. McLaughlin & McComb effect this arrangement--connecting Sacramento with Crescent City by a line of stages--it will perhaps be the longest stage route in America--the distance between the two points being considerably over four hundred miles. Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, May 27, 1854, page 3 W.
G. T'VAULT
D. M. KENNEY.
T'Vault & Kenney, ATTORNEYS & COUNSELORS AT LAW AND SOLICITORS IN CHANCERY. WILL practice in the various courts in Oregon Territory, and promptly attend to the collection of debts, accounts, etc.
Office in the sheriff's building, on California Street, Jacksonville, O.T. Feb. 3, 1854 Mountain Herald, Yreka, California, June 3, 1854, page 1 ROBINSON HOUSE,
JACKSONVILLE, O.T. The
subscriber would respectfully inform the public that he has leased the
Robinson House, and is always ready to accommodate all who may be
pleased to favor it with their patronage. His
TABLE AND BAR
will be supplied with the best the market affords.Connected with the above house is Robinson's STABLE AND CORRAL,
with stalls for 25 horses, kept by Jesse Robinson, where animals will be taken care of by a tip-top hostler.HAY AND GRAIN,
of the best quality, always kept on hand.JOHN McLAUGHLIN.
March 8, 1854.Mountain Herald, Yreka, California, June 3, 1854, page 3
ADAMS & CO.'S
CALIFORNIA AND ATLANTIC STATES EXPRESS
Leaves the office in Shasta daily for all parts of California, and
twice a month for the Atlantic states and Europe, by the Pacific mail
steamship company's steamer.
We also forward and receive regular Expresses by the Nicaragua steamers; and shippers by us can have their choice as to which route they will have their treasure, packages, or letters forwarded. We have the most extended Express in this state, and to the Atlantic States our facilities for transacting Express business are unequaled. Our rates are lower than those offered by any other house having the same security. We sell Drafts on all the principal cities in the Union; and have made arrangements by which our Drafts are cashed by any of the Banks in the Western States. We ship gold dust fully insured to all parts of the world. Our Drafts on Edwards, Sanford & Co., London, are cashed by any of the Banks in Europe. CRAM, ROGERS & CO.
are
our agents in Weaverville, Yreka and Jacksonville. At any of their
offices our Drafts can be obtained. Gold Dust shipped or letters and
packages forwarded. They sell checks at par on all our principal
offices in this state. All packages forwarded by them go through direct
to destination.
E. W. TRACY,
Shasta, Oct. 23, 1853.Agent at Shasta. Mountain Herald, Yreka, California, June 3, 1854, page 3
CRAM, ROGERS & Co.
CALIFORNIA AND OREGON EXPRESS Commencing at Shasta with ADAMS & Co.'s well-known and unrivaled Pacific, Atlantic and European Express.
C.R. & CO. would most respectfully inform the public that they have made arrangements to forward a Weekly Express to and from the following places, in charge of our regular messengers: PRINCIPAL OFFICES:
Yreka, Shasta,, Jacksonville, Weaverville, Althouse, Pittsburgh, Pit River ALSO Trinity River, Scott River, Scott's Bar, Scott Valley, Klamath River, Salmon River, Rogue River, Indian Creek, Deadwood Creek, Humbug Creek, Greenhorn Creek, Hungry Creek, Cottonwood Creek, Cherry Creek, Bestville, Hamburgh, Sailor Diggings, Crescent City, Canyonville, Winchester, Salem, Portland, and Oregon City. We sell, at either of our principal offices,
SIGHT DRAFTS
on Adams & Co., in the Atlantic States and Europe.
CHECKS AT PAR, on Adams & Co.'s offices throughout the States. DEPOSITS Received, special or otherwise. The highest price paid for GOLD DUST. Treasures, Valuable Packages, Letters, &c. forwarded by our regular messengers with the utmost dispatch.
Particular attention paid to Collections. Orders for goods, parcels or packages promptly attended to, and forwarded according to instructions. All business entrusted to our care will be faithfully and promptly executed. CRAM, ROGERS & CO.
Mountain Herald, Yreka, California, June 3, 1854, page 3
Cram, Rogers & Co.
WEEKLY EXPRESS TO CRESCENT CITY. C.R.
& Co. will hereafter forward a weekly Express in charge of our
messenger to Crescent City, via Cottonwood, Jacksonville, Sailor
Diggings, Althouse and Sucker Creek, and all intermediate points.
All business in the Express line promptly attended to. CRAM, ROGERS & CO.
Yreka, April 14, 1854.Mountain Herald, Yreka, California, June 3, 1854, page 3
RHODES & CO.'S
E X P R E S S, WILL CONTINUE the Banking and Express business as formerly carried on by Rhodes & Lusk at
SHASTA,
WEAVERVILLE, YREKA, JACKSONVILLE, and throughout the northern mines. Connecting daily with
WELLS, FARGO & Co.'s
unrivaled Express to the Atlantic States and Europe.
CHECKS on Messrs. Lucas, Turner & Co., San Francisco, and Sacramento City Bank. BILLS OF EXCHANGE on Messrs. Wadsworth & Shelden, New York; Lucas & Simmond, St. Louis; Ellis & Morton, Cincinnati; Bank of Commerce, Boston. Gold Dust and Bullion bought at the highest market value. RHODES & CO.
Shasta, March 4, 1854.Mountain Herald, Yreka, California, June 3, 1854, page 3
THE INDIAN DIFFICULTIES IN SOUTHERN OREGON.--The Oregon Statesman of the 9th inst. says: The latest intelligence of the Indian difficulties in Southern Oregon say that Capt. Smith's party of U.S. Dragoons had engaged Tipsy's band of 120 Indians, but the result of the battle was not known. A general Indian war is not expected. The wagon road from Scottsburg to Winchester is being pushed vigorously. FROM CRESCENT CITY.--Business continues brisk. Three buildings are being erected, which will be occupied by J. W. Stateler, and Friedman, Ottenheimer & Co. The schooner Laura, that was blown ashore some time since, has been gotten off and [has] taken in a cargo of timber and sailed for this port. The brig Kate will be launched in a few days, and will also be loaded with timber for this port. Miners at Althouse Creek, Sailors' Diggings, Smith's River and its tributaries are doing well. The diggings discovered at Myrtle Creek, within ten miles of Crescent City, prove to be rich, and a large number of men are now employed at that point. 'Oregon," New York Daily Tribune, June 24, 1854, page 5 Oregon Intelligence.
A
correspondent of the Statesman,
writing from Jacksonville under date of May 5th, furnishes various
interesting items from that section of the Territory. Crops look lively
in the Valley; the late rains are highly favorable to late sown wheat.
It is estimated that three thousand acres have been sown in the valley
the present season. Two flouring mills are in process of erection and
will be ready to manufacture good flour before Christmas.A May ball came off at Jacksonville on the 10th inst. Business was more lively, and as the miners were returning, new discoveries were anticipated. The Umpqua academy has commenced its first session under the superintendence of Rev. J. H. Wilbur. The following graphic description of its location, surrounding scenery &c. is from the pen of the same correspondent: "The location which he has chosen for the academy is a most charming, romantic spot. It is in an angle of two public roads, equidistant from each about two hundred yards. Luxuriant shade trees all around--tastefully arranged just as nature planted them. The background is a low mountain covered with pines, firs, laurel and oaks. It commands a fine view of a lovely valley in front several miles in extent, with a succession of hills on the right and left of the main valley, rising as they recede in the distance one above another in majestic grandeur. One half of the farther end of the view is closed up by a high mountain with a perpendicular front, along the base of which flows the beautiful North Umpqua, running out through the right-hand corner of the landscape, and so winding its way down through the hills and smaller valleys westward to the Coast Range; which stands out prominent above all the rest, with its brown forests, numerous peaks and snow banks, forming a dark rich evergreen border and variegated fringe to this picturesque scene. "A healthier location perhaps has never been found this side of Eden. The base of the mountain on which it stands can never be wet or muddy--being hard and gravelly--this making beneath those shade trees the most delightful play and promenade grounds. The water, as pure as ever gushed from mountain rocks, rises just high enough above to be easily conveyed in pipes to every part of the building. It is far remote from stagnant pools and marshes. The streams of the surrounding country are all 'just such as they have in Umpqua,' rapid, clear, cool and as pure as melting snow. In the heart of midsummer the air is modified by the fresh, wholesome breezes from the ocean and snowy peaks. "In short, the proprietors, the location, the air, the water, the scenery and all the circumstances combined are well calculated to make this everything that parents could desire as a suitable place to send their children to receive an education. Everything connected with it is wisely arranged, and this spot is pointed out by the finger of God as the radiating point of light, and sanctified learning for all Southern Oregon. So may it be." Sacramento Daily Union, June 1, 1854, page 2 MARRIED.
On the
27th of April, in Rogue River Valley, by the Rev. T. F. Royal, JESSE
ROBINSON, M.D., formerly of Otsego, N.Y.,
and Miss LAVINIA J., daughter of Isaac
Constant, Esq., formerly of Springfield, Ill.--all of Rogue River
Valley.The friends of the Doctor in this place, of which he was formerly a resident, may congratulate him on his good luck, as we can bear witness that he has secured one of the fairest "Rogues" in all that valley. Sunshiny ever be your path, and decked with the flowers of bliss. Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, June 3, 1854, page 2 THE WAGON ROAD.--This work is nearly completed. All the bridges along the line, with the exception of the Elk Creek bridge, will be finished in a very few days. Come on, then, with your wagons, gentlemen! There is in Scottsburg a good supply of groceries, provisions and merchandise, which can be had on reasonable terms. Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg,
June 9, 1854, page 2
More Indian Depredations.
We find the following account of Indian depredations in the North in
the Yreka Herald of
the 20th inst.
"On Wednesday evening last, a gentleman of reliable veracity informed us that on the night previous five fine American horses, and one mule, had been stolen by the Indians near the Siskiyou Mountain, from some gentlemen who were driving them through from Oregon to the Sacramento. They were run off during the night. The Indians stopped within half a mile of the camp of the whites, killed the mule, built a fire, roasted and ate part of his carcass, and left the remainder. The horses were choice American stock. "Late in the evening, a gentleman arrived from Cottonwood with the melancholy information that the train of Messrs. [Gage] & Clymer had been taken. Mr. Clymer arrived at Cottonwood in the evening. He stated that he was at the head of his train of fourteen pack mules, on the way from Crescent City--that the Indians attacked them near the top of the Siskiyou Mountain--that he saw his partner, Mr. [Gage], fall. They then fired at him. He fled, his mule fell, and he escaped to a log in the thicket, behind which he concealed himself until the Indians passed, when he made his escape to Cottonwood. He saw two men coming up the hill, and afterwards heard them hallo, and heard several reports from guns, which he supposes was the Indians killing them. "On receiving this information our Indian agent, Mr. Rosborough, repaired to the camp of Charles Adams, who is a resident amongst the Deschutes Indians, now on the war path against the Shastas. Adams informed him that the Deschutes Indians had removed their camp down the Shasta River to the crossing, in accordance with the request or orders of Lieut. Bonnycastle, now in command of Fort Jones. "Mr. Rosborough informs us that Lieut. Bonnycastle was encamped between the Shasta and Klamath rivers on the evening of the day of this sad event, and that upon being informed of the same promised to proceed to the Siskiyou Mountain for the purpose of protecting the trail. "THURSDAY EVENING.--Lieut. Hood arrived, and reports that the Indian sent to the Cave by Lieut. Bonnycastle, to demand the perpetrator of the late crime on Shasta River, had not returned. The Deschutes Indians join Lieut. Bonnycastle on Friday and proceed against Tipsy and Bill, who are supposed to be combined. Lieut. Hood takes a plentiful supply of ammunition. "FRIDAY MORNING.--The old Indian who was sent by Lieut. Bonnycastle to the cave returned this morning. Tyee Bill came with him as far as Mr. Price's ranch, and says he is ready to give up the Indian who committed the depredation on the river to Lieut. Bonnycastle at any moment. He states that it was Tipsy's band who committed the recent murders and robbery on the mountains, and that Tipsy has been trying to persuade him to join against the whites, but that he wishes to be friendly. "We believe it is the intention of Lieut. Bonnycastle to take the track of Tipsy where the recent murder was committed on the mountain, which he will be able to follow by the aid of the Deschutes Indians. This was the plan pursued against the Trinity Indians, when they were so effectually chastised. Lieut. Hood takes a plentiful supply of ammunition. "Tipsy has never been on friendly lerms with the whites, and never will be. He makes fair promises when in a tight place, but they are empty as the air, and only made to be broken the first favorable opportunity. "At Fort Jones we have lately had but a few troops, not over 25 privates, most of whom are on the sick list, and not fit for service. Twenty-five sick men are equivalent to no force at all. We want at least 150 men. "At Fort Lane, in Rogue River Valley, we understand there are 156 troops. Tipsy has been carrying on his work of murdering and stealing in that valley also, and why it is that the troops there do not clean him out we cannot comprehend. "Yesterday, about noon, Mr. Sandbauch, who resides at the Mountain House, on the new trail over the Siskiyou Mountain, arrived. Mr. S. says they found the body of Mr. [Gage], and twelve out of sixteen mules which were stolen, with the greater portion of the cargo, a part of which only was destroyed. The Indians, it appears, were in search of some particular material, ammunition, perhaps. Mr. S. thinks the Indians went up the Klamath, and that it was part of Tipsy's band. "A gentleman residing on the Shasta River has also arrived, and says some Indians came to his house and threatened his life last evening. Some excitement prevails amongst the people of our place, a party of whom, we believe, will accompany him to his house for the purpose of removing his effects to town and chastising the Indians if they remain in that neighborhood." Mr. Rosborough had received the strongest assurances that the chief "Bill" and all his tribe were coming to give up the Indian who has been demanded, and requested the citizens to keep quiet until the result was known. Sacramento Daily Union, May 27, 1854, page 2 "Thursday Evening" paragraph transcribed from Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, June 9, 1854, page 3 LATE FROM OREGON.--By the arrival of the Peytona, we have a few days later news from Oregon: THE ROGUE RIVER INDIANS, it is reported by Superintendent Palmer, have been persuaded to go on the reserves, with the exception of Tipsey's tribe. There are no Indians remaining between Jacksonville and Crescent City. On the Coquille River, disturbances had recently taken place in which two whites and several Indians were killed. The murderers were discovered and hung. Mr. Parish, Indian agent, had met two hundred Indians in council at Port Orford. The Indians complained that their women were ill treated by the whites. Twenty-four U.S. soldiers had been dispatched to Port Orford to prevent disturbances. The number of Indians in the Port Orford district is estimated at two thousand. Placer Herald, Auburn, California, June 10, 1854, page 2 GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
We understand
that the California Combination Stage Line intend running a line of
coaches from Yreka to Jacksonville. Our citizens have subscribed some
$6,000 for the purpose of constructing a wagon road from this city to
the latter place. Messrs. Stark & Co. intend putting on the road a
line of handsome coaches to connect the road from Jacksonville to this
city.OF JUNE 10, 1854 The latest from Jacksonville, O.T: New diggings have been discovered within the last week, about five miles north of Jacksonville, which are thought to be extensive, and very rich. Some of the claims prospect from $1 to $2 to the pan.… The election in Jackson County and Gold River Valley was held on the 5th inst. Jackson precinct polled over 600 votes.… The Indians are quiet. No late difficulties.… The miners are doing exceedingly well. The average is from $10 to $15 per day to the hand, and one claim for the past two months has paid at the rate of $40 per day to the hand. Del Norte Record, Crescent City, July 23, 1892, page 1 THE CITIZENS OF CRESCENT CITY have subscribed six thousand dollars to build a wagon road from that place to Jacksonville. A stage line is also to be established over the road. JACKSONVILLE.--The Crescent City Herald learns that very rich new diggings have been recently discovered about five miles north of Jacksonville, some of the claims prospecting from one to two dollars to the pan. The election in Jackson County and Gold River Valley was held on the 5th June. Jackson[ville] precinct polled over six hundred votes. The following named gentlemen are elected: Dr. E. H. Cleaveland, council; C. S. Drew, Alex. McIntyre, P. Dunn and D. Newcomb, assemblymen; Thos. Pyle, Sheriff; B. F. Davis, treasurer; probate judge, A. P. Stearns; prosecuting attorney, P. P. Prim. The Indians are quiet. No late difficulties. The miners are doing exceedingly well. The general average is from ten to fifteen dollars per day to the hand. One claim has been paying, for the last two months, at the rate of forty dollars per day to the hand. Daily Placer Times and Transcript, San Francisco, June 15, 1854, page 15 The military road connecting Umpqua and Rogue River Valleys is finished. It is of great importance to all Oregon, as being the thoroughfare to and from California, opening a communication by wagons from Willamette Valley to Yreka, or into the Sacramento Valley by the circuitous route of Goose Lake and the immigrant road. A route for a wagon road direct from Weaver to Shasta is yet to be discovered. Many immigrants enter Oregon over the southern route via Rogue River Valley, and will hereafter avail themselves of it, rather than cross the Cascade Mountains. They accompany the California immigration to the sink of Humboldt River, then turn to the right to reach Oregon. About two hundred wagons entered Rogue River Valley over this route last autumn. Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, June 17, 1854, page 4 For
the Oregonian.
Weekly Oregonian, Portland,
July 8, 1854, page 2
From Jackson County. JACKSONVILLE,
O.T., June 19, 1854.
MR. EDITOR--The
Democracy of this county have been almost totally defeated; they have
elected only one member to the Legislature (Walker) that they consider
to be a sound Democrat, while the pet measure of the "Durhams" (the
Convention) has sunk to rise no more, except to receive the sentence
"Depart from us, ye work of iniquity."Where is the would-be U.S. Senator Pratt now? Echo answer, where! He (poor man) has beat the Bush and secured only a broken reed; let him rest in peace. Perhaps, however, it may be well to state for the benefit of the mourners (if there be any) that even in the distant county of Jackson, there were found twenty of his faithful followers who did not desert their master in the hour of trouble. We would call their attention to the following lines: "That awful day
will surely come,
Umpqua and Douglas counties have gone Democratic and of course for a
"Convention." Coos County has elected Dr. J. H. Foster (Whig) to the
Legislature, also a Whig sheriff and county auditor and has given Prim,
the candidate for prosecuting attorney, a decided majority.The appointed hour makes haste." This speaks volumes for the enterprising citizens of our sister county; though recently organized, she has risen in her strength, and in language too plain to be misunderstood has bid defiance to the Tartar dynasty, the would-be rulers of Oregon. I herewith transmit to you a copy of the abstract of votes of this county, for which I am indebted to the Co. Auditor. Yours, &c.
[unsigned] A company sent out from Crescent City to survey a road to the interior report that they have found a route for a wagon road to Sailor Diggings. If this be so it will give importance to Crescent City, for it is impossible to make a wagon road to the mines in the interior from any other point on the coast. . . . An important canal, costing $100,000, has just been completed, to bring the fork of the Illinois River into Sailor Diggings, which include an extensive tract very rich in fine gold. These diggings have paid well heretofore without water; it is supposed they will pay much better with it. . . . From Oregon we have dates to the 10th. The returns of the election on the 5th are not all in, but enough is known to show that the Legislature is Democratic and the proposition to form a state constitution rejected. Eighteen miners are washing gold on the Yakima, in Washington Territory. It is reported that a quicksilver mine has been discovered in Rogue River Valley. The military road from Willamette Valley to Rogue River is soon to be opened. . . . It is reported that those engaged in opening a trail for pack animals from Port Orford to Jacksonville have found rich gold mines on Galice Creek, a tributary of Rogue River. "Two Weeks Later from California," New York Daily Tribune, July 10, 1854, page 5 According to the statements which appear in the Oregon papers, the extent of the Indian disturbances in that territory has been greatly exaggerated. We make the following extract: "Gen. Palmer, the Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Oregon and Washington, has just returned from a visit of near two months [to] the Indians. He informs us that he succeeded in getting all the Indians in the Rogue River vicinity to go on to the reserves under the treaty, with the exception of Tipsu's band. From Deer Creek and Illinois River the Indians have all removed, and there is now no tribe or band between Jacksonville and Crescent City. He found the Indians on the coast rather quiet. On the Coquille River, however, there had been some disturbances, in which two whites and several Indians were killed. The real murderers were afterwards found, and after trial, hung. He left Mr. Parrish, Indian agent, with his party at Port Orford. He met two hundred Port Orford Indians in council. The chief complained that the whites ill treated their women, by coming about their lodges in the night, and, in case of denial, the whites would threaten to shoot them. At Gen. Palmer's request, Wool has detached twenty-four men for Port Orford to keep the rowdies quiet. He thinks the number of Indians in the Port Orford district does not exceed two thousand." Evening Star, Washington, D.C., July 11, 1854, page 2 D.
B.
BRENAN
P.
P. PRIM
BRENAN & PRIM ATTORNEYS AT LAW Jacksonville, O.T. Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg,
June 16, 1854, page 3
GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
New diggings
have also been discovered on Indian Creek, a few miles south of Sailor
Diggings, which prospect from $2 to $3 to the pan. It has caused
considerable excitement in that neighborhood.OF JUNE 17, 1854 The Sailor Diggings' Canal, Milling & Mining Co. have just completed their canal, 11 miles long, and is capable of supplying 5000 miners. The average amount of gold taken from these mines is from $10 to $16 the hand. Upon Althouse Creek there are about 500 miners; the deposits are quite rich, the gold being coarse and water abundant. There has been landed, at this port, within the last month, nearly 10,000 tons of merchandise, with more on the way. It shows that our merchants sell more goods than any others on the coast. It speaks for the permanence of the place, when that amount of business is done. There is no steamer that touches here that does not land from 50 to 100 tons of freight. Talk about Scottsburg, or Port Orford as a rival for Crescent City; it's all fudge. Del Norte Record, Crescent City, July 30, 1892, page 1 Letter from Gen. Lane.
Washington City,
April 29, 1854.
My Dear Ladd:--
I
have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 10th
March, and am much obliged to you for much interesting news and
information.
I am glad to learn that gold is found, or is likely to be found, [in] plenty on our coast near us, and am also happy to know that vessels have found a good entrance to Coos Bay. Some time since I wrote a letter for publication in relation to the division of Oregon Territory, as proposed by the people of Jacksonville and Yreka, in which I gave my views in opposition to such division, and urged the establishment of a state government, for reasons that I think will be considered legitimate and proper. A itory cannot be made as proposed. The delegation from California don't think of entertaining the idea of clipping their state. Now, my dear friend, you may rely on my doing for Scottsburg all that mortal man can do. I feel the importance of that point, and the wants, necessities, interests and wishes of the people of Scottsburg, and all Southern Oregon, and I am as anxious as a man can be to procure such legislation as may be necessary for the advancement of their interests. I have a bill now pending for continuing the military road from Myrtle Creek to Scottsburg, and have the promise of the Postmaster General that the mail steamers shall stop and deliver the mail at Scottsburg, and in addition to this we have a bill pending for separating our services (that is mail service from the company's line at San Francisco and for letting all north of that point to an independent company, to stop at Port Orford, Coos Bay, Scottsburg and Astoria, and deliver the mail going and returning. Indeed everything has been and is being done that can be, for the promotion of our interests in your section, and all others of our Territory, and you may rest assured that I shall not neglect any portion of my duty, or of the Territory. Our Territorial business has been made the special order for the first week in May. I feel confident of success in most matters pending. I will give you the result. . . .
Your obdt. servt.
JOSEPH LANE. Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg,
June 23, 1854, page 2
We have files of the Umpqua Gazette to June 16. A good wagon road from Scottsburg to Umpqua Valley has been nearly completed by the inhabitants. A correspondent says the average depth of water on the bar at the mouth of the Umpqua, at low water, is 21 feet. The distance across the bar is only 350 feet. The steam tug R. B. Forbes of Boston could cross the bar, in or out, 345 days out of the 365. He thinks the Umpqua is bound to be the chief commercial point between the mouth of the Columbia and San Francisco. The Gazette of the 16th says business in Scottsburg has been increasing for the last three weeks. We understand that business at Empire City is very dull at present, and that the Coos Bay Company is about to be dissolved. The news from Randolph is quite favorable. Many of the claims that were deserted early in the spring are now paying well, and there is a fair prospect of a brisk trade during the summer. A new and valuable coal mine has been discovered at Coos Bay. "Oregon," New York Daily Tribune, July 24, 1854, page 3 NEW STAGE ROUTE.--We perceive by the Commercial Advertiser that Messrs. McComb and McLaughlin, two enterprising stage men of experience in this state, have taken up to Portland, O.T., a number of splendid coaches, which they intend to place on the route from Jacksonville, O.T., to Yreka, and from thence to the foot of the Scott Mountains. Sacramento Daily Union, June 23, 1854, page 2 Military Road South.
Major B. Alvord, of the army, has just arrived in our city from an
inspection of the military road in Southern Oregon. He reports that it
will be completed in about ten days. The appropriation has been
expended in improving the road from the mouth of the Umpqua
Kanyon to
the summit of the hills south of Grave Creek. It was located over new
ground, avoiding a majority of the vexatious crossings in the Kanyon,
and the steepest portions of the Grave Creek Hills. A good practical
wagon road is opened, but the travel by pack mules over it this spring
has made it very rough. On the 20th of May, a wagon with a load of
3,000 pounds passed through the Canyon [sic].
It contained iron castings for a mill in Rogue River Valley. The people
of Scottsburg are opening a wagon road from Winchester to that place,
and by August it is believed, wagons will travel between Scottsburg,
Jacksonville and Yreka.--Oregon
Times.
Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg,
June 23, 1854, page 2
GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
On Monday, May
23, a large Concord coach made the trip from Marysville, being the
first that has penetrated so far into the interior.OF JUNE 24, 1854 The Yreka Herald says: Jacksonville is all excitement, in consequence of the new and rich diggings discovered in that neighborhood some time since. Miners are flocking there by hundreds; some are leaving ten- to twenty-dollar diggings, in and around that place, for the new ones. Claims are paying from one to five hundred dollars per day to the hand. Q.--What were the expenses per head at Jacksonville during the winter of 1853? A.--Flour was sold at $1.50 per pound; salt, $3.00; bacon, when it could be had, $1.50; flour was at one time sold for $2.00 a pound. At Yreka, flour sold, when there was any, at $2.00; salt, $1.00 per ounce; tobacco, $5.00 per pound; potatoes, etc., at Jacksonville, were unknown. We were often told before this of the "beef straight and scarce," constituting miners' fare, in miners' phrase, of that season; but it was hardly credible that a community of 1500 or 2000 souls should have been reduced so nearly to starvation with an abundance so near them. Yet such was mountain life. Intelligence has just been received from the surveying party, under T. P. Robinson, County Surveyor, who was commissioned by the Governor to survey the boundary line between California and Oregon. Parties met the surveying party on the mountains and from them learned that the disputed territory belonged to Oregon, and not California, as was generally supposed. The territory includes two of the finest mining districts in the country, Sailor Diggings and Althouse Creek, besides some minor other places. The announcement has caused some excitement in that neighborhood, as the miners do not like to be so suddenly transported from California to Oregon. They have heretofore both voted in California and Oregon, although in the former state it has caused several contested election cases, and refused to pay taxes to either. It is also rumored around the city that Yreka is in Oregon. From observation heretofore taken by scientific men, Yreka was fifteen miles within the line, and the report can hardly be true. Del Norte Record, Crescent City, August 6, 1892, page 1 "Late and Interesting from Port
Orford."
This is the caption of a letter from Port Orford to the San Francisco Sun, dated
June 1st, and if one-half of it was true, there would be no other town
between San Francisco and the mouth of the Columbia River. We extract
the following paragraph to show how things may be exaggerated:
"Rich and extensive mines have been found on 'Galice Creek,' directly upon the trail which leads from this place to Jacksonville. There are now about six hundred men there, averaging from eight to ten dollars per day to the man, while some are making 'big strikes.' The distance from Port Orford to Galice Creek is about 75 miles, over a most excellent road. . . . The trail from Port Orford to Jacksonville is now completed--entire distance ninety-five miles. It is said to be the best trail on the coast leading to the interior." Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg,
June 30, 1854, page 2
SHASTA, YREKA, AND JACKSONVILLE STAGE LINE.--Mr. McComb passed through this place last week, en route for Yreka, with a large number of fine stage horses, intended to run on the road between Callahan's ranch, at the head of Scott Valley, through Yreka to Jacksonville in Oregon. Mr. McLaughlin started to Oregon several weeks since with the coaches, and it is their intention, if possible, to run free coaches from Yreka to Jacksonville on the 3rd of July, so as to enable such citizens of the former place as may desire it to celebrate the ever glorious Fourth with their Oregon neighbors. Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, July 1, 1854, page 2 FROM
CRESCENT CITY.
We have the Crescent
City Herald of June 24. . . .A line of coaches is about to be put upon the route between Crescent City and Jacksonville, in Oregon. DISPUTED TERRITORY TAKEN FROM CALIFORNIA.--The Herald says the surveying party under T. P. Robinson, County Surveyor, who was commissioned by the Governor to survey the boundary line between California and Oregon, report that the disputed territory belongs to Oregon, and not to California, as was generally supposed. This territory includes two of the finest mining districts in the country, Sailor's Diggings and Althouse Creek, besides some other minor places, not of much importance to either. The announcement has caused some excitement in that neighborhood, as the miners do not like to be suddenly transported from California to Oregon. They have heretofore both voted in California and Oregon--although in the former state it has caused several contested election cases--and refused to pay taxes to either. It is also rumored around the city, for which we will not vouch, that Yreka is in Oregon. But we hardly think it possible, from the observations heretofore taken by scientific men, which brings Yreka fifteen miles within the line. New York Daily Tribune, July 24, 1854, page 3 INDIAN AFFAIRS.--Gen. Palmer, the Superintendent of Indian Affairs of Oregon and Washington, has just returned from a visit of two months among the Indians. He informs us that he succeeded in getting all the Indians in the Rogue River vicinity to go onto the reserves under the treaty, with the exception of Tipsy's band. From Deer Creek and Illinois River the Indians have all removed, and there is now no tribe or band between Jacksonville and Crescent City. He found the Indians on the coast rather quiet. On the Coquille River, however, there had been some disturbance, in which ten whites and several Indians were killed. The real murderers were afterwards found, and after trial hung. He left Mr. Parrish, Indian agent, with his party, at Port Orford. He met two hundred Port Orford Indians in council. The chief complained that the whites ill treated their women, by coming about their lodges at night, and in case of denial would threaten to shoot them. At Gen. Palmer's request, Gen. Wool has detached twenty-four men for Port Orford to keep the rowdies quiet. He thinks the number of Indians in the Port Orford district does not exceed 2,000. Clearfield Republican, Clearfield, Pennsylvania, August 2, 1854, page 3 RECENT GOLD DISCOVERIES AT PORT ORFORD.--We have reliable information from private letters that the recent gold discoveries within 25 or 30 miles of Port Orford are yielding well, and are as rich as the best mines in California. Mr. Arnold, purser of the steamship Peytona, brought up a quantity of dust from these new gold mines, which resembles the coarse gold from Feather River, Cal. Oregonian, Portland, July 15, 1854, page 2 The steamship Peytona leaves for San Francisco and intermediate points this p.m. at 7 o'clock. This is a favorable opportunity for those who desire to visit Port Orford and the new gold fields to take passage. Oregonian, Portland, July 15, 1854, page 2 The company owning the new ditch in Sailor Diggings have completed it, and the water had been turned in, but at the time I passed had not reached the principal mines. Everything connected with the enterprise promises well. "Success on the Klamath Mines," Albany Argus, Albany, New York, July 25, 1854, page 2 The Mountain Herald contains the proceedings of the Democratic county convention, from which we learn that Robert M. Martin, Esq., of Shasta Valley, was nominated for the Assembly, and Columbus Sims, Esq., for District Attorney. "From Yreka," Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, August 5, 1854, page 2 DISCOVERY OF COAL ON THE COAST.--The Umpqua Gazette publishes a letter from the Empire City, which says: "I notice in your late issue that two coal claims have recently been discovered at Coos Bay--one belonging to Mr. Coffin, and the other to Dr. Boatman. This is true, but it is not the whole truth. There is here an extent of coal lands which would surprise even a Pennsylvania collier. The experiment made by P. B. Maple on the banks has proved successful; they are now in an active process of working, and the coals are delivered at Empire City. The above list does not include the nineteen Coos Bay Company claims, in most of which, if indeed not all, coal is known to exist. "COAL.--That article, so long needed, has at last been found in inexhaustible quantities on the Pacific Coast. A rich vein, of the bituminous nature, has been discovered on the coast near Rogue River. It has been thoroughly tested in this place, and pronounced by competent judges to be a superior article for welding and steam purposes. Messrs. Thorp, Regan & Co. have recorded some ten or twelve hundred acres of land on which the vein runs. We understand they propose to raise a joint stock company and work the lead, which we think, from the nature of the coal, they can easily do."--[Herald. Washington Sentinel, Washington, D.C., August 10, 1854, page 2 GOLD IN THE CASCADE RANGE.--We are hearing confident opinions expressed of the existence of gold in the Cascade Range. The Umpqua Gazette contains the following extract from a private letter on the prospect in the Cascade Mountains: "I have just returned from a three weeks' exploration in the Cascade Mountains, and am happy to say that the result of our trip has developed the hidden treasure of gold buried in the mountains, which will beyond a doubt pay better than any mines of recent discovery. I start back tomorrow in company with the Hon. B. Simpson and others, with the necessary outfit to test the matter fully. It is the opinion of Mr. Simpson that those mines will pay double those of Coos Bay." SALT SPRINGS.--At the Camas Swale, near Winchester, in Southern Oregon, there are twenty-four large salt springs. Sixteen quarts of the water produce one quart of excellent salt. MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT.--On Sunday, Mr. J. McLaughlin, one of the proprietors of the Yreka line of stages, was thrown from the seat of one of the coaches while going down a steep hill a few miles west of this city, and instantly killed. His fall was occasioned by one of the wheels pitching into a hole while he was in the act of putting on the brakes, and throwing him off on the left side of the coach, the hind wheel passing over his head, fracturing the skull very badly. He was from Springfield, Ohio, and about twenty-three years of age. Mr. McLaughlin was formerly a resident of Marysville, in this state. From the Umpqua Gazette of June 23rd we extract the following with regard to the news of Southern Oregon. SCOTTSBURG.--Business at this place continues brisk, and heavy sales of groceries and provisions have been made during the past week. MEAT MARKET.--Fresh beef is selling at from 15 to 20 cents per lb.; mutton 25 cents; venison 15 cents; bear meat 10 to 15 cents. Rich Diggings on the
Coquille--Great Excitement at Port Orford.
The most important
news by this arrival is the reported discovery of exceedingly rich
diggings on the Coquille River.The Democratic Standard extra says: Miners are making from $20 to $150 per day. The character of the gold is much the same as the coarse gold of California, and is said to assay equally as well. One party of four men are said to have taken out some $6000 in the short space of two weeks. About $1000 of the gold from the new discovery was on exhibition at Port Orford when the Columbia was there. These diggings are to be found on the South Fork of the Coquille River. The distance on the road now traveled is 50 miles from Orford, but a more direct trail will be made, reducing the distance to 30 miles. The diggings are to be found in the bed of the river, which will have to be flumed, and the greatest obstruction will be the heavy boulders, rocks &c. Messrs. Leland & McComb, who have a regular messenger to these diggings on the arrival of every steamer, have favored us with the following letter, which we print as we get it, with fair notice that one or two of the irreverent expressions are to be charged solely to the account of the writer. Port
Orford, July 11th, '54.
Messrs. Leland &
McComb:--I got here several days since, and so far have not been able
to get off. Harry is to pay here now, in consequence of the reported
discovery of rich diggings about 45 miles east of this, on the waters
of the Coquille River. Several had been in from there during last week,
and brought quantities of gold, but nothing positive was heard until
the day before yesterday, when Tichenor arrived. He went out with Dr.
Allen. According to his account they are the best diggings in the
world, and in consequence of his report almost everyone here left
yesterday. The balance that can go will leave today, consequently the
place will be almost deserted until newcomers arrive. Caldwell is here,
and is off immediately. He was on his way to Coos Bay to qualify as a
county commissioner, but the golden tale took him off. All the county
officers in this section now have declined serving, consequently there
will be no organization.[unsigned]
"Important
from Oregon," Daily
Alta California, San Francisco, July 15, 1854, page
2GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
At Sailor
Diggings and Althouse Creek the miners were never doing better. These
mines vie in richness with any in California or Oregon. Labor is
scarce, and in high demand.OF JULY 15, 1854 We have received news from Jacksonville of the new diggings discovered there. There is no knowing of the richness of these mines. Everything is excitement. Labor cannot be had for price. Miners are making from $100 to $300 per day. Del Norte Record, Crescent City, August 27, 1892, page 1 GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
We are pleased
to learn that hereafter a passenger train will leave this place for
Jacksonville and intermediate points, on the arrival of every steamer
from San Francisco, adding thus greatly to the comfort of travelers and
ensuring regularity in our inland communication.OF JULY 22, 1854 Del Norte Record, Crescent City, September 3, 1892, page 1 A "passenger train" was a mule pack train that carried people instead of freight. Messrs. McComb & Co. have established a line of stages between Yreka and Jacksonville. The citizens of Yreka are highly elated at the result. On the arrival of two of their coaches, on the 20th inst., about forty of the citizens were favored with a ride up to the saw mill and back. Upon returning, they had a grand champagne supper at the Yreka Hotel. The company have three large coaches which they intend running between the head of Scott Valley and Jacksonville, and one light coach to run over the Siskiyou Mountain. "From Yreka," Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, July 29, 1854, page 3 FROM OREGON.--Mr. Barstow, of Cram, Rogers & Co.'s Express, arrived from Jacksonville and Althouse on Thursday evening last. He is entitled to our thanks for the following items: The people in Rogue River Valley are anticipating another outbreak of the Indians. On Monday and Tuesday nights signal fires were seen in the vicinity of Table Rock. On Wednesday a man was shot at by the Indians on Bear Creek, about six miles from Jacksonville, and a week ago last Tuesday they stole four animals from a packer near the Mountain House, on the other side of the Siskiyou. Culver, the Indian Agent, on receiving information of the above, proceeded to the Cave, found the animals, and told the Indians that if they did not give them up he would send the troops and whip them. They delivered the animals up on Wednesday evening last. The water is fast falling at the new diggings near Jacksonville. Thirty soldiers have deserted from Fort Lane since they received their pay, in about two weeks [sic]. A race for $2000 a side is to come off in the valley, between the horses of Messrs. Hanley and Ish. There is about $10,000 bet on the race already. The farmers have commenced harvesting, and the crops look fine in the Rogue River Valley. Daily Alta California, San Francisco, August 1, 1854, page 7 INDIAN AFFAIRS.--Gen. Palmer, Superintendent of Indian Affairs in Oregon, has lately returned from the south, where he has been visiting the various tribes in that direction. At present, all is quiet and peaceable, but there are some slight indications of a rupture with the Upper Rogue Indians. The extent of country along the coast susceptible of cultivation is not large; it is mostly covered with a dense growth of fir and cedar. The Indians are comparatively few in number, healthy, sleek and indolent, subsisting mostly on berries and fish.--Statesman. THREATENED INDIAN DIFFICULTIES ON THE SOUTHERN EMIGRANT TRAIL.--Gov. Davis has lately received a dispatch from C. S. Drew, Q.M. General, resident at Jacksonville, stating that apprehensions are entertained in Southern Oregon and Northern California of Indian hostilities of a serious character on the emigrant trail leading into that section of country from the South Pass via Klamath and Goose lakes. Last spring several Indians of various tribes in these regions during difficulties in Siskiyou County were killed, for which these tribes, including the Applegates, Klamaths, Shastas and those in Scott's Valley, have left their usual haunts and retired into the mountains in the direction of the Modoc country. The Modocs also suffered the loss of two or three of their tribe in the Siskiyou difficulty. COQUILLE MINES.--The Spectator says: The Coquille mines are all a humbug. The Peytona brings back a large number of the disappointed gold-seekers--just as we expected. WAGON ROAD FROM SCOTTSBURG TO GREEN VALLEY.--The Umpqua Gazette expresses the expectation that the Scottsburg and Umpqua wagon road will be in good order before and during the next winter. SCOTTSBURG AND PORT ORFORD EXPRESS.--Mr. .Shorters has written to the Umpqua Gazette that he has stopped his express, having come to the conclusion that the muskrat and coonskin aristocracy of Scottsburg do not wish to support his express. "Arrival of the Peytona," Daily Alta California, San Francisco, August 3, 1854, page 2 GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
The great rush of Chinese to California is increasing, and vessels
cannot be procured to furnish transportation for all who wish to come.
Fifteen vessels bound for San Francisco have already engaged their full
complement of passengers, amounting to 10,000.OF AUGUST 5, 1854 A Wood Robins Nest correspondent under date of July 30 has the following: "Perched upon the mountaintops, the view below is indeed most charming to the eye. On either side of the crest, valleys fruitful and green show that the enterprising Yankee is and will continue to be busy; while the steady tread of the loaded mule train announce the fact that on the road there is also life. The bright Crescent in the west, and Waldo to the eastward, show signs quite evident that they are acting their parts in the great work of advancing those matters which ought to be the pride of every friend to his country. From your city to Sailor Diggings the trail seems literally crowded. Train after train stops to hear the carol of the birds and rest their weary feet, each proving conclusively to a disinterested observer that this (Northern California and Southern Oregon) is the El Dorado destined to become one among the higher sister states, from the very reason that here seems to be the center of all the desideratum of man--gold, health and happiness. Imagination aside, let me say to your readers that there is nothing to cause a doubt, but that this section of California is one of the richest this side or other side of the Rocky Mountains. Coal, iron and gold abound hereabouts, and the perseverance and indomitable energy of men in the Far West will develop that fact. At Sailor Diggings there is a scarcity of water, but [that] the enormous quantities of gold are in the immediate neighborhood 'nobody can deny' and say the truth. The passenger train does more benefit to all the country than was at first supposed it would do, and under the able conduction of the present arrangement all who travel are not only pleased but feel perfectly secure against even Indians." Del Norte Record, Crescent City, September 17, 1892, page 1 A "passenger train" was a mule pack train that carried people instead of freight. GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
Mr. M. Wheat arrived a few days since in our city from San Francisco,
with a variety of yearling grape vines. He intends visiting the farming
region of Jacksonville and of the Umpqua, for the purpose of
introducing their cultivation. He assures us that the climate of this
country is well adapted to their cultivation, and we have no doubt but
that, at some future time, they will become a source of pecuniary
benefit as well as afford a luxury for the table.OF AUGUST 12, 1854 Del Norte Record, Crescent City, September 24, 1892, page 1 MARRIED.
Sacramento Daily Union, August
18, 1854, page
2
In Salem, O.T., Aug. 3rd, Hon. T. MCF. PATTON,
Judge of Probate of Jackson County, to Miss FRANCES
M., daughter of E. N. Cooke, of Salem.
Another difficulty has arisen with the Applegate Indians, which it is probable will lead to open hostilities. It is thought unsafe to travel in that part of the country at present, without keeping a lookout. Capt. Walker started out of Rogue River Valley on the 8th inst. with a company of volunteers to protect the emigrant trail. "From Yreka," Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, August 19, 1854, page 2 CROPS.--The Oregonian says the wheat, oats, potatoes, onions &c. will be abundant the present year in Oregon and Washington Territories. The wheat crop is now being harvested, and from all we can learn is abundant. It is said that in Southern Oregon the smut will injure the present wheat crop considerably. "Additional from Oregon," New York Herald, August 26, 1854, page 2 A Ball Ticket.
"IT IS PRESENTED MERELY THROUGH RESPECT."
A ball ticket lately presented to a young lady in Oregon met with the
following reception. At first she thought she would return it, but, on
more mature reflection, she concluded, as it was sent to her through
one of her scholars, and known to all of them, she would write a short
essay expressive of her sentiments with regard to such tokens of
friendship and respect, and read it before her school on next
composition day. The following is what she read:
"This ball ticket was placed in my hands, with the apology, 'It is presented merely through respect.' "This new and unexpected mark of 'respect' suggests to my mind the following query: Why am I entitled to 'respect,' expressed in this form? Is it on account of any rare attainments I have made in the art of dancing? I made no such pretensions. I never was in a ballroom or a dancing school in my life, and never have learned the first principles of this branch of education and, therefore, deserve no 'respect' on that account. "Or is this tribute offered to the position I occupy as a teacher of the youth--most of whom are young ladies and little girls, whose parents have confidingly entrusted them to my care and guardianship, expecting me to teach them lessons, not only from books, and by precept, but by example? "Then, is it for my family's sake? True, my parents are worthy of the greatest respect, and I hope to honor them while I live, for my mother is a devoted Christian, and my father is a minister of the gospel. My brothers are all pious, and members of the Church of God, and two of them are preachers. "Certainly, it is not because of my religion, for I profess to be a follower of the meek and lowly Jesus, who teaches me to 'put on the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit,' to 'shun the least appearance of evil,' and to 'come out from among the world, and be separate.' "From hence I conclude that this ticket has either missed its way or was directed wrong, and, therefore, return it to its proper owner, hoping no offense will be given, as I have no reason to accept or right to retain it. M.E.F.R. " [Mary E. F. Royal]
To maintain a position like this, in a place where the popular
influence is in an opposite direction, requires decision of character,
but where all the
influence,
and all the inducements, and glittering rewards the world can command
are presented to allure the young Christian to the paths of pleasure
and amusement, it requires much grace and Christian fortitude to
resist, and such an example is worthy of imitation.T.
F. ROYAL.
Vermont
Christian Messenger, Northfield, Vermont, August 23,
1854, page 4Jacksonville, O.T. Western Chris. Advocate. The Yreka Herald states that the people in Rogue River Valley are anticipating another outbreak of the Indians in that vicinity. It says: On Monday and Tuesday nights of last week, signal fires were seen in the neighborhood of Table Rock. On Wednesday a man was shot at by the Indians on Bear Creek, about six miles from Jacksonville, and a week ago last Tuesday they stole four animals from a packer, near the Mountain House, on the other side of the Siskiyou. Culver, the Indian agent, on receiving information of the above, proceeded to the Cave, found the animals, and told the Indians if they did not give them up he would send the troops and whip them. They delivered the animals up on Wednesday evening last. Oneida Weekly Herald, Oneida, New York, August 29, 1854, page 2 STAGE LINE.--We refer the traveling public to the advertisement of the "California and Oregon Mail Stage Line." They have elegant Concord coaches on the entire route from Sacramento to Jacksonville, 400 miles, with the exception of that portion of the road lying between this place and Callahan's Ranch, at the head of Scott Valley. Over this mountain stretch passengers are carried by the mule train of Messrs. Greathouse & Co., running in connection with the stages. Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, August 26, 1854, page 2 GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
The Yreka and Crescent City Turnpike and Plank Road Company have been
expecting the arrival of the surveyor, P. T. Robinson, for several
weeks. Mr. Robinson was detained in San Francisco partly on business in
the Surveyor General's office and partly on account of a short illness.
He arrived, however, at Trinidad by the last steamer, sent his
instruments to this place, and expected to be here himself within a few
days. On his arrival, the proper arrangements will be made to have him
examine the two routes proposed and select the best for a special
survey. One of the routes thus far proposed by exploring parties
crosses the Coast Range in the direction of, and is partly identical
with, the present trail. The other lies further to the north, on or
near the line which divides Oregon from California, and as it is
comparatively unknown to the traveling public we will give such
information about its location as we possess. Mr. Fowler, a citizen of
Jacksonville, but also well and favorably known in this community, went
over this route in company with Mr. Crook, and writes from Turner's
ranch, Aug. 17, "that he found the divide they followed to be
considerably lower than the one the present trail runs on; but that it
is very uneven, extremely brushy, and portions of it very rocky." He
says that no serious difficulties will be met with in ascending to, or
descending from this divide.OF AUGUST 26, 1854 Del Norte Record, Crescent City, October 8, 1892, page 1 ROGUE RIVER AND JACKSONVILLE.--We learn that the crops in the Rogue River Valley do not turn out as well as we anticipated. The wheat crop, however, is generally good. The new mines near Jacksonville are paying pretty well, and give profitable employment to a large number of miners. There is not much apprehension of difficulty with the Indians this fall. DOUGLAS COUNTY.--The farmers are busily engaged in harvesting. The crops turn out well this season.--Umpqua Gazette. NEW LINE OF STAGES.--We are happy to learn, says the Gazette, that subscriptions to the stock of the new line of stages between Jacksonville and Scottsburg are rapidly coming in, more than half the shares being already taken. The stages will soon be placed on the road and, running in connection with the steamship America, will afford unsurpassed facilities for travel between San Francisco and Yreka, Jacksonville and other parts in the interior. TERRITORY.--The Crescent City Herald says that on the 17th there was a political discussion between the county candidates, and that during the evening the organization of a territory, to be formed out of the northern part of this state and Southern Oregon, was incidentally touched upon. The manner in which the sentiments of the speakers were received by the large assemblage present is but a slight indication of the deep enthusiastic feeling pervading our entire community in favor of the measure. "Arrival of the America," Daily Alta California, San Francisco, September 1, 1854, page 5 Rogue River Valley has been overrun this season by grasshoppers, and vegetables of all kinds have been wholly destroyed by them. The most promising gardens early in the season are now stripped of every vestige of vegetation. In two days they destroyed in one field 10 acres of oats. Melons and vines were eaten by them. The trees did not escape, for in many places they are stripped as bare as in midwinter. There is no estimate to be put upon the property destroyed, but it is said that there are no vegetables left in the valley, except potatoes.--Umpqua Gazette. Oregon Spectator, Oregon City, September 2, 1854, page 2 GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
We understand that that part of the Jacksonville trail lying between
Fry's and Mooney's ranches is to be made wider, the hillsides cut down
and the marshy places filled in and all kinds of obstructions removed.
It will be done by a private individual.OF SEPT. 2, 1854 A Sailor Diggings correspondent writes us: "There is every reason to congratulate those who have claims at Sailor Diggings upon their having done so, and as the rainy season is fast approaching, all who have not done so should be on the alert. All who are at work are making from ten to fifteen dollars per day. The influx of miners to this section is great." The Yreka Herald mentions as a proof that agriculture is a profitable pursuit in that section that nearly every man who has tried it this year is making preparations to put in large crops next season.… Another difficulty has arisen with the Applegate Indians, which it is probable will lead to open hostilities. It is thought unsafe to travel in that part of the country at present without keeping a sharp lookout. Captain Walker started out of Rogue River Valley on the 8th inst., with a company of volunteers to protect the emigrant trail.… New diggings have been discovered near the Coast Mountains, on Ice Creek, three miles from Cold Spring House. Some pieces of gold had been found as heavy as one dollar.… The regular trips of the California and Oregon Stage Company's coaches every other day to and from Yreka, both north and south, are adding considerably to the business feature of Yreka. We are happy to see that they come in loaded down. Improvement on the roads is progressing. Del Norte Record, Crescent City, October 15, 1892, page 1 NORTHERN MINES.--These, says the Mountain Herald, are attracting more attention than ever before. Miners come amongst us who are prepared to settle down and work a few years for a reasonable compensation, with the chances of a fortune. They find the diggings in Northern California and Southern Oregon ample for years of enterprise before they are stripped to a level with the present state of the southern mines, and new discoveries being made every day. This is now the best field for the enterprise of California--and they are commencing to find it out. Business in Yreka shows a weekly increase. Other places of minor importance in Northern California are picking up with equal rapidity. Our town is now the finest-looking place north of Marysville. Jacksonville, in Southern Oregon, is also looking up, and is destined to become a fine place of business. The new diggings in that vicinity, and the fine crops in Rogue River Valley, have had a fine influence on business in that quarter, which is beneficially felt by all. Daily Alta California, San Francisco, September 3, 1854, page 2 Reprinted from the Sacramento Daily Union, September 2, 1854, page 2 MOUNTAIN FLOUR.--Five thousand pounds of new flour from the Rogue River Valley mills have been sent to the Shasta market. Sacramento Daily Union, September 9, 1854, page 2
Five thousand pounds of new flour from Helman & Co.'s mill in
Rogue
River Valley has arrived in town, and may be found at the store of H.
T. Templeton & Co., who will hereafter have a large supply from
this mill. We are informed that it is of a first-rate quality.
"From
Yreka," Shasta Courier, Shasta,
California, September 9, 1854, page
2The Rogue River wheat crop is good, and will, it is estimated, sell for about $4 per bushel. Those who have estimated the quantity raised, and the quantity to be consumed, state that it will supply Jackson County and Yreka about five months. About this there is no certainty.--Umpqua Gazette. "Later from Washington Territory," Sacramento Daily Union, September 14, 1854, page 1 INDIAN DIFFICULTIES.--A correspondent of the Alta, writing from Umpqua Valley, under date of August 26th, gives the following recital of Indian disturbances in the north: "About the 1st of this month, it was rather the prevalent opinion in Crescent City, that there would soon be difficulties with the Rogue River Indians. On the ninth of Aug. I left, and arrived near Jacksonville on the 14th. With reference to the cause of the disturbance, I made immediate inquiries of some of the most respectable gentlemen of the valley, such as Dr. Ambrose and Judge McFadden. I conversed with these two gentlemen concerning the Indians, and they concurred in stating, as they were most credibly informed, that the difficulty arose from the most wanton and abandoned cruelties of two lawless white men. The first act was committed by a gambler: it seems that several Indians had been employed on Rogue River to move a family lower down the river in their boat; the husband. at the time the scene happened, was forty or fifty yards from the boat, and his wife was near; a stranger appeared upon the bank and conversed with her and the Indians as they were carrying the baggage to the boat; he turned shortly and went a little distance, hiding himself from Indian observation, and as the premeditated victim had passed in the path by him, unseen he came forth, and like a dastard, shot the poor Indian mortally in the back, and ran away, leaving the helpless woman and her little ones at the instant mercy of savage ferocity. The other act was committed, according to report, by Williams or Bob Williams, in consequence of an Indian being determined to protect his wife, and not yield her to the reckless and wanton debauchery of a fiend clad in awhite man's skin; that Indian was shot for that mere determination. What white man would hear all this and think himself a man? And lo! the poor Indian--ravish from his breast his dearest tie, then kill him and cast him to the dogs! I am informed that the difference in reference to the first act has been settled by paying the Indians two hundred dollars, all they demanded; and that now the other is under adjustment by the Indian agent, who is an active and efficient gentleman in the discharge of the functions of his office. Much do the citizens of Rogue River Valley owe to such an agent, where peace and plenty abound, instead of the horrors of a devastating Indian war." Sacramento Daily Union, September 15, 1854, page 3 THE OREGON BOUNDARY LINE--WHERE YREKA IS.--Mr. S. H. Marlette, Surveyor General, publishes in the State Journal a letter from Mr. Robinson, engaged in the northern survey, from which we learn that Yreka is situated about 18 miles south of the boundary line. Mr. Robinson writes June 10: "We are now encamped near a house on the trail from Crescent City to Sailor Diggings, about thirty-five miles from the former, and fifteen from the latter place. The line crosses this trail about three-quarters of a mile to the north of our camp on a high spur of the main divide, between Illinois and Smith's River, which divides the branches of the west forks of the Illinois. The work up to this point had proved very satisfactory; I think we are now nearly thirty miles from our starting point on the coast. The country over which we have passed up to this point is broken, barren and worthless, covered with rocks, bushes and burnt and falling timber; it is cut up into deep and ragged ravines by the water of Trinity and the North Fork of Smith's River, so that there is not an acre of level land on the whole line. I will give you a more accurate description of the country at some other time. The question with regard to the position of Sailor Diggings is now settled. The line from this on the summit of Siskiyou crosses all the sources of the Illinois, and will leave Sailor Diggings some three or four miles to the north." New York Times, October 7, 1854, page 9 NORTHERN MINES.--These, says the Mountain Herald, are attracting more attention than ever before. Miners come amongst us who are prepared to settle down and work a few years for a reasonable compensation, with the chances of a fortune. They find the diggings in Northern California and Southern Oregon ample for years of enterprise before they are stripped to a level with the present state of the southern mines, and new discoveries [are] being made every day. This is now the best field for the enterprise of California--and they are commencing to find it out. Business in Yreka shows a weekly increase. Other places of minor importance in Northern California are picking up with equal rapidity. Our town is now the finest-looking place north of Marysville. Jacksonville, in Southern Oregon, is also looking up, and is destined to become a fine place of business. The new diggings in that vicinity, and the fine crops in Rogue River Valley, have had a fine influence on business in that quarter, which is beneficially felt by all. Daily Alta California, San Francisco, September 9, 1854, page 3 In the autumn of 1854, while on a business trip to southern Oregon, I was overtaken by ex-Judge [Oliver C.] Pratt, on his way to Jacksonville to get acquainted with the people, as he intended to become a candidate before the Democratic convention to be held in the following spring to nominate a delegate to Congress. As I was for Lane and knew pretty well how he stood in the estimation of the people in the southern counties, I ventured to suggest to him that he would encounter much opposition in that section. He, however, nothing daunted, believed that he could readily overcome it. He was a man of rare qualities, a good lawyer and a learned judge. He was very proud and dignified, a fine talker and a very entertaining man. He was readily the peer of the foremost men of the Territory, and by many regarded the superior of all. We stopped at the Robinson House, kept at that time by its proprietor, Dr. Robinson, who was a Whig. He treated his guests with great courtesy and much consideration, as his name was well known, and he had been much in evidence in the papers of that day. I left the judge with the host, with the request that he introduce him to persons who might come into the hotel, which he promised to do, and I went out to see some people on business. On returning to the hotel later, I found the judge busily engaged in "making his canvass." He stood before the bar, a thing he was never known to do before in Oregon. He was arrayed in a faultless suit, including a silk hat and a high shirt collar. In the parlance of the times, he wore a "stovepipe hat" and a "biled shirt with a stake-and-ridered collar." His boon companions were miners in their rough garb, ranged along the bar on both sides of him. The judge was a good talker, and he was giving them the best he had for the occasion, and they were listening with apparent interest. As soon as they caught his drift, however, they looked at each other knowingly, as they were ardent admirers of General Lane, having met him during the Indian war of the year previous. One tall miner reached down to his boot, drew out a long knife and took the silk hat off the judge's head, saying, "This stovepipe is too high by a j'int." Suiting the action to the word, he slashed it into two parts, and slapping the parts together, put it back on the judge's head. Pratt took this all in good part and set up the drinks, which at this juncture was the only thing in order. Pratt had long, curly hair, black and glossy. The miner's next performance was to cut off a lock, saying as he did so that it was the "puttiest ha'r he had ever seed," that he must have just one lock for a keepsake, and that he hoped no offense to him, as he loved him. With that he threw his arms around the judge and gave him a good hug. With a wonderful exhibition of good nature and tact, Pratt took it all pleasantly. This somewhat nonplussed the miner, and if he had any further designs upon his victim he evidently abandoned them, as he remarked, on putting away his knife, that he would not take off the top rail of his "stake-and-ridered" collar. They bade each other good-night, and parted, apparently the best of friends. The next morning I complimented the judge upon his successful entrance upon his canvass, and he seemed to be very well satisfied with the outcome of it. He had seen much of the world, but this was the first time he had seen this corner of it. He went over to Sterling the next day and then returned to the Willamette Valley. . . . Pratt was defeated in convention. He felt very sore over it, and soon after left Oregon and permanently located in San Francisco, where he was several times elected judge, served in that capacity with honor to himself, and wore his stovepipe hat in peace. George E. Cole, Early Oregon: Jottings of Personal Recollections of a Pioneer of 1850, 1905, pages 66-68 and 83. THREATENED INDIAN DIFFICULTIES.--Gov. Davis has lately received a dispatch from C. S. Drew, P.M. General, resident of Jacksonville, stating that apprehensions are entertained in Southern Oregon and Northern California of Indian hostilities of a serious character on the emigrant trail leading into that section of country from the South Pass via Klamath and Goose lakes. Last spring several Indians of various tribes in these regions, during difficulties in Siskiyou County, were killed, for which these tribes, including the Applegates, Klamaths, Shastas and those in Scott's Valley, have left their usual haunts and retired into the mountains in the direction of the Modoc country. The Modocs also suffered the loss of two or three of their tribe in the Siskiyou difficulty. They therefore join with the other tribes, and breathe retributive vengeance on all whites who shall be so unfortunate as to pass through the infested district. Gov. Davis, in answer, has authorized Col. Ross, of the 9th regiment, to enlist a company of volunteers, and order them to protect the immigration, in case it is deemed necessary. He has also directed a communication to General Wool, asking his prompt attention to our Indian relations in that direction. We learn from Messrs. Leland & McComb's Express that their messenger reached Crescent City on the 30th July from Althouse. He stated that it was currently reported at Sailors' Diggings and through the Illinois Valley that the Indian agent had sent in word to the whites to be prepared for an outbreak of the Indians at the above settlements, as they had warned him unless Bob Williams (the mountain ranger who shot one of their number a little while since) is given up to them, they will break out and revenge themselves. They have collected on Desert Creek to some extent, and have sent their squaws into the mountains. Great excitement prevails in the valley.--Oregon Standard, July 25. THE CROPS.--Harvesting is going on in the south. Some of the fields of wheat sown late, on account of the Indian difficulties last summer, will not be worth cutting. Some smut in that direction, but wheat is not seriously injured. The farmers of the Willamette Valley are now in the midst of harvest, which will be abundant. PORT ORFORD GOLD MINES.--The accounts in regard to these mines are entirely contradictory--some representing them as very rich, and others as valueless. "Oregon," Buffalo Daily Courier, September 12, 1854, page 2 Oregon.
A great difference of opinion exists with regard to the Port Orford
mines, recently discovered. On one side it is asserted that they are
extremely rich, and that the miners are making fabulous wages, while
others assert that they are all a humbug. One thing is however certain,
and that is that the crowds who left San Francisco for the new diggings
returned very soon with their visages considerably elongated. All the
Oregon papers agree that the money market is tight, and that the times
are hard, and they all with one accord ascribe it to the laziness and
Micawber propensities of the people in neglecting to raise enough of
money to pay for what they import. Apprehensions are entertained in
Southern Oregon and Northern California of Indian hostilities of a
serious character, on the emigrant trail from the South Pass via
Klamath and Goose lakes. More disturbances were expected in the
Illinois Valley.
New Orleans Crescent, September 11, 1854, page 2 PROPOSED FORMATION OF A NEW TERRITORY OUT OF SOUTHERN OREGON AND NORTHERN CALIFORNIA.--On the night of August 17th, a large gathering of the citizens of Crescent City and vicinity took place, to hear the addresses of the various candidates for office. During the evening, says the Herald, the organization of a new Territory, to be formed out of the northern part of this state and Southern Oregon, was incidentally touched upon. The manner in which the sentiments of the speakers were received by the large assemblage present is but a slight indication of the deep enthusiastic feeling pervading our entire community in favor of the measure. At a proper time, the voice of the people in this region upon that question of vital importance to us will be heard, and that, too, with a unanimity astonishing to its few opponents. Empire County Argus, Coloma, California, September 16, 1854, page 1 The following items are from the Umpqua Gazette: ROGUE RIVER AND JACKSONVILLE.--We learn that the crops in the Rogue River Valley do not turn out as well as was anticipated. The wheat crop, however, is generally good. The new mines near Jacksonville are paying pretty well, and give profitable employment to a large number of miners. There is much apprehension of difficulty with the Indians this fall. Daily Crescent, New Orleans, Louisiana, September 23, 1854, page 2 SAILOR DIGGINGS.--A correspondent writes: There is every reason to congratulate those who have secured claims at Sailor Diggings upon their having done so, and as the rainy season is fast approaching, all who have not done so should be on the alert. All who are at work are making from ten to fifteen dollars per day. The influx of miners to this section is great.--San Francisco Herald, Sept. 16. New York Times, October 9, 1854, page 1 CRAM, ROGERS & CO.'S EXPRESS TRAIN.--It is scarcely necessary to call attention to the full-grown advertisement of Cram, Rogers & Co. in today's paper. It will be seen that this old and reliable firm has established, in connection with the express, a mule passenger train, to run daily between Shasta and Weaverville. By this arrangement they are enabled to run a daily express between Shasta and Weaverville, Yreka and Jacksonville. Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, September 23, 1854, page 3 GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
We remarked some improvement in the
trade during the
past week. Our merchants generally kept busy. About one thousand mules
were loaded and dispatched. Freights to Yreka range from 12 to 14 cts.
per lb., and to Jacksonville from 8 to 10, and to other points in
proportion.OF SEPT. 27, 1854 A correspondent from Althouse has the following in a lengthy article: There are now 200 miners on this creek, scattered from Rich Bar to 1½ miles above the Forks, a distance of 7 miles. With the exception of about one-fourth who are prospecting, they are makiug on an average at least $6 a day to the hand. The following is a copy of the Rich Bar Company's operations, taken from their books by permission: 10 days removing a large drift. 8 days cutting tail race and ground sluicing ditch. 24 days ground sluicing. 75 days washing up. 117 To labor of 5½ men 117 days--
Hon. O. B. McFadden, late Associate Justice of the U.S. District Court of Oregon, and Judge of this Southern District, recently sold his claim in Jackson County, and removed to Washington Territory, to enter upon his duties as an Associate Justice of the same court for that Territory. "Further from Oregon," Sacramento Daily Union, October 2, 1854, page 1 GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
The survey of the Crescent City and Yreka Plank and Turnpike
Road is
steadily progressing. The cost of building it has been estimated at
from $75,000 to $100,000. The importance of this road will at once be
appreciated, when we state that during the past six months at least
2,500 tons of goods have been transported on muleback by the present
mountain trail at the rate of 7 cents per pound or $140 per ton, say
2,500 tons at $140, $350,000. It requires on an average 8 mules for one
ton of goods, thus we have also 20,000 mules going and the same number
coming in six months, without taking in account a considerable amount
of traveling besides.OF OCT. 4, 1854 We learn that on the Forks of Althouse Creek, Mr. Summers and partner have for several weeks taken out of their claim at the rate of $600 per week, and below them several claims pay at the rate of $16 and $25 per day to the hand. These are of course only fortunate exceptions from the general average. Yet we hear that all are making more than wages. Althouse has always been a hard creek to work, but to the persevering and industrious it yields often good strikes. Del Norte Record, Crescent City, November 19, 1892, page 1 GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
A new rope has been purchased for the Wood's ferry on Smith
River. It
is made of the best hemp, 9 inches thick, 270 feet long and weighs 820
pounds.OF OCT. 11, 1854 Last June new diggings had been discovered on a branch of the left-hand fork of Applegate Creek, a tributary of Rogue River, about eight miles from Jacksonville. A town has already sprung up at that place, named Sterlingtown, containing already several substantial business houses. Report says that there are 1500 people about those diggings, of whom however only four or five hundred are actually at work, the others waiting for water, and preparing for winter. Del Norte Record, Crescent City, November 26, 1892, page 1 GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
There is considerable freight here awaiting shipment over the
mountains, on account of there not being enough pack trains. The prices
paid for carrying freight are as follows: To Sailor Diggings and
Althouse, 10 and 12 cents per lb.; Jacksonville and Klamath, 12 cents;
Yreka, 14 and 15 cents.OF OCT. 18, 1854 Del Norte Record, Crescent City, December 3, 1892, page 1 I have just taken from the office a letter from Bros. Tobin, Seivers & Bryan. They seem to enjoy the spirit of promise where they are, although in a secluded spot, shut out from the rest of the world. Bro. Tobin said he had just come out of the hospital after an illness of 50 days. They were kept in hourly apprehension from the constant depredations of the Indians, with whom they often had to fight. He said they had written several times to the valley, but as yet had recd. no answer. They send their love to you all and especially to the girls. If you should write to them address John Tobin, Comp. E 1st Dragoons, Fort Lane, Oregon Territory. Daniel Smith Mills to Joshua K. Whitney, letter of October 31, 1854, BYU Harold B. Lee Library GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
Although Crescent City is only eighteen or nineteen months
old,
although its harbor at times insecure, and its outlets only mountain
trails, opened since its settlement; yet it may justly claim the
serious attention of the merchants and business men of San Francisco.
The number of vessels and amount of freight brought by them during the
past seven months is as follows: Number of steamers arrived, 39;
sailing vessels, 9; landing 4000 tons of freight. During the same
period the number of passengers carried to and from San Francisco was
2286. Of the 4000 tons of merchandise discharged here, it is estimated
that not more than 600 tons were consumed for this neighborhood and
Gold Beach, leaving an amount of 3400 tons carried on muleback across
the mountains at the rate of seven cents per pound, or $140 per ton,
making a sum total of freight money of $476,000. On an average it
requires eight mules to the ton, say 8x3400=27,000 mules going, and of
the same number returning, gives the number of mules at 54,000 as
having passed over the trail in the course of seven months.OF NOV. 2, 1854 Del Norte Record, Crescent City, December 17, 1892, page 1 GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
The report of T. P. Robinson, surveyor of the Crescent
City-Yreka
Plank and Turnpike Road, is published in this issue, and it being
lengthy, we extract the following from it: The topography of that
section of this county lying between the sea coast on the west, the
Siskiyou Range of mountains on the east, the Klamath River on the south
and Rogue River on the north, is such that a casual observer would
consider a route for a road through it to be an entire
impracticability. The great barrier is the Siskiyou Range. It is the
southern continuation of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon, and forms the
divide between the waters of the Klamath on the south, and Rogue and
Smith rivers on the north. Yreka is the most promising inland town in
the northern part of the state. It lies in nearly the same latitude
with Crescent City and about sixty or seventy miles east. The entire
length of the road to be made is 39.30 miles. The greatest elevation
reached is 3567.25 feet above high tidewater. The total cost of the
road is estimated to be $82,618.80.OF NOV. 9, 1854 Del Norte Record, Crescent City, December 31, 1892, page 1 New diggings have been discovered on a fork of Applegate Creek, a tributary of Rogue River, and a new town named Sterlingtown had sprung up there. "From Crescent City," Morning Courier and New York Enquirer, November 15, 1854, page 3 GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
At the Eagle Mills, about fifteen miles from Jacksonville,
superfine
flour sells at 12½ cents per lb. Wheat is firm at $4 per
bushel.OF NOV. 25, 1854 The grand jury of the Circuit Court held at Jacksonville, Or., found no less than thirty true bills against thirty different persons selling liquor on Sunday. Del Norte Record, Crescent City, January 7, 1893, page 1 GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
We learn that on Ash Creek, about two miles this side of
Jacksonville,
on a place that had been prospected and abandoned some two years ago,
about one hundred miners are now at work and doing very well.OF NOV. 29, 1854 At a meeting of the Crescent City and Yreka Plank and Turnpike Road Company, it was resolved that the amount of stock issued by the company shall be $85,000. That the number of shares shall be eight hundred and fifty of $100 each, and that the period of existence of the Ccompany shall be twenty years. Del Norte Record, Crescent City, January 14, 1893, page 1 Proposed Telegraph in Oregon.--The Portland Times says: "Messrs. Chas. F. Johnson and E. D. Tousley, who arrived in this city by the last steamer, propose a joint stock company for the construction of a telegraph line from Portland to Salem. The work is proposed to be finished by within eight months after the company shall have been formed. This line is intended to connect with San Francisco, by way of Southern Oregon and Northern California." "Oregon," Daily Free Democrat, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, November 30, 1854, page 2 MILITARY ROAD.--An appropriation has been made of $20,000 for the purpose of extending the military road from Myrtle Creek to Scottsburg (O.T.), but this sum, says the Gazette, will not be sufficient to complete the extension, and erect bridges over the Umpqua. Sacramento Daily Union, November 30, 1854, page 2 TELEGRAPHIC ENTERPRISE.--The contemplated enterprise of building a line of telegraphic communication, between Portland and Salem, eventually to connect with California, is progressing, with probability of being carried into successful operation. Sacramento Daily Union, November 30, 1854, page 2 AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES.--Approximative estimate of arable land in these sections of Northern California and Southern Oregon directly connected with the proposed wagon road:
This estimate falls probably far short of the real amount of land that will be put under cultivation even during the next ten years. The editor of the Herald urges upon San Francisco capitalists the prospective advantages which will accrue to them by investing in the Crescent City and Yreka wagon road stock. The estimates of the chief engineer make the total cost of the road $82,618.80, the amount [of] revenue $75,000, net revenue $50,000. SUICIDE.--A Frenchman a few weeks ago stopped at the Eagle Mills, O.T., and by some misstep fell down a flight of stairs, but did not appear to be seriously hurt. He felt sick, however, obtained medicine and the necessary attention. On the third day he was found dead in his bed, having blown out his brains by means of a gun loaded with ball and buckshot. $54 in coin, and some specimens, were found upon him. We did not learn the name of the unfortunate man. The grand jury of the Circuit Court, held at Jacksonville, Oregon, found no less than thirty true bills against different persons for selling liquor on Sunday. GAME.--There was any quantity of game in the market during the past two weeks. Geese were freely sold at $1 and ducks at 50 cents a pair. GOLD BEACH.--We understand that arrangements are making to put up a steam pump above the bars at the mouth of Rogue River, to supply the miners with water. A. K. Ward, accused of the murder of J. A. Kelly, and who on his trial obtained a change of venue to Siskiyou County, has, we understand, obtained a further postponement of his case to the next spring term of the District Court. At the Eagle Mills, owned by Messrs. Thomas & Co., about fifteen miles from Jacksonville, superfine flour sells at 12½¢ per lb. Wheat is firm at $4 per bushel. "A Letter from Northern California," Sacramento Daily Union, November 30, 1854, page 3 Mr. Alfred French, who was killed on the 2nd inst. by the Indians on Mill Creek (a branch of Smith River) about 12 miles from his farm, arrived in California in 1849 or '50. He came from Independence, Jackson County, Mo., where for many years he had been connected with the publishing of the Independence Chronicle and, as we learn, enjoyed to a great degree the esteem and confidence of the public. In 1852, he lived in Jackson, O.T., kept tavern for a while, and married as his second Mrs. Noble, who thus early mourns him as his widow; he left no children of his own. Mr. French was about 36 years of age.--Crescent City Herald. Mr. French lived in this place in 1851. During his residence here he was employed as bartender in the Eldorado Hotel, at that time owned by John Clark, Esq. We knew him intimately, having worked by his side for several weeks on the state printing, in 1852, and it affords us pleasure to state that we always found him an honorable printer. Shasta Courier, Shasta City, California, December 2, 1854, page 2 Letter from Southern Oregon.
We are permitted by Mr. G. C. Wiggins, of Middletown, to copy portions
of a letter received from his son (D. Stanley Wiggins), who dates at
Jacksonville, Southern Oregon, Dec. 7th. He says:
"When I last wrote you, I was about starting out on the Plains. After I enlisted, I had the good fortune to be appointed Acting Asst. Commissary, which relieved me from the duties of a soldier, and placed me in quite a prominent position. I rank in the service as a Lieutenant. We were out 96 days, and had some pretty hard times. We had several battles with the Indians, and killed a large number of them; none of our men were killed and but few wounded. My health was not very good while out. I had an attack of the mountain fever, together with several attacks of fever-and-ague, but I am now in very good health. "I get $8 a day and board for my services, which would be very good pay if I did not have to wait so long for it. We shall not get our pay until Congress sees fit to give it to us. The expense of the expedition will reach $90,000. "We have had but very little cold weather this winter, so far, and but little rain, which makes it very dull--as business here depends almost entirely on the mines, and at present there are not 200 miners at work, for the reason of there being no water. There is a strong probability of having Applegate River brought into this place by means of a canal; should this be done, it will become one of the best mining districts on the coast. For if we only had water, a man could make from $5 to $8 per day in any of the streets. Not three rods from our office as much as fifty cents have been made to the panful. "I enjoy myself very well here, and have made some warm friends. Among them is the Hon. Chas. S. Drew, our Quartermaster General, and also a member of the Assembly. I think he stands a good show of being our next Representative in Congress. Although I was almost a total stranger to him, he gave me the appointment to the post I occupied in the war in preference to any other one of the company. "I am very glad I left the Willamette Valley when I did, as times are very hard there. Farmers cannot get any kind of prices for their produce, and all kinds of business in consequence is depressed. Wheat here is worth $5 per bushel; while there is slow sale at 75 cents. Our farmers in the valley are putting in large crops this winter, and I think will raise a sufficient quantity of wheat next season to supply this section of the country, without importing any, as they are now doing. "It is now over a year since I left home, and it seems to me a very, very long time. By the time another rolls around I trust I shall be with you, but I cannot tell; fortune is such a fickle dame in this country, it is hard to say what a man will do or what he will be worth a week ahead. * * * I must wait till fortune showers her golden favors, and then I'll bid a long adieu to this land of deceitful dreams and blasted hopes of hundreds of those who come here. "I intended, when I commenced, to give you a full history of our expedition on the Plains, but concluded to communicate it to the Whig Press instead. "If we had an artist here, I would send you my daguerreotype. I hardly think you would know me, as I have not shaved in six months." Whig Press, Middletown, New York, February 7, 1855, page 2 COOS BAY.--We understand that our neighbors at Coos Bay are making extensive preparations for working the coal mines at that place during the present winter. Several vessels have been chartered by persons of that place for carrying the coal away. We learn that one of these vessels had arrived off the bar. The opening of these extensive coal banks, added to other commercial facilities which she possesses, is destined to make Coos Bay a place of considerable importance, and that at no distant day. May success attend her and her enterprising citizens. Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, December 9, 1854, page 4 NEW DIGGINGS.--We learn that on Ash Creek, about two miles from this side of Jacksonville, on a place that had been prospected and abandoned some two years ago, about one hundred miners are now at work and doing very well.--Crescent City Herald. Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, December 9, 1854, page 4 MARRIED.
On
Thursday, Nov. 23, by the Rev.
T. F. Royal, Mr. Jackson Rader and Miss Clara Leevercamp--both of
Jacksonville.Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, December 16, 1854, page 3 GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
During the last few days our neighborhood has again been rife
with
rumors of Indian maneuverings and plottings. From appearances it would
seem that the Klamath and Chetco Indians seek revenge for the three
Indians lately hung here for the murder of Mr. A. French, and it looks
as if they were bargaining with the Smith River Indians for and against
the settlers in that valley. They steal more and frequently, appear in
squads as if on the war-path, assume a bold impudence and not seldom
use threats. Frequent warnings have been given to the settlers by
friendly Indians that mischief was intended them, and lately even a
squad of Rogue River Indians, well armed with guns, appeared in the
valley. A committee is even now investigating these matters and if it
should appear that the Indians really concert new mischief nothing can
save them from destruction. This community has so often and
energetically pronounced itself against individuals taking private
revenge upon the Indians that we do not apprehend any harm befalling
them, unless it is upon satisfactory evidence that the lives and
property of the settlers are in real danger. On such an emergency our
citizens will turn out as one man, and if they make a clean sweep of
the Indians who can blame them.OF DEC. 20, 1854 Del Norte Record, Crescent City, February 11, 1893, page 2 California and Oregon Military
Road.
The imperious necessity of the establishment of a post and military
thoroughfares in a state like California is too apparent to every
reflecting mind to admit of doubt, and their usefulness in other
portions of this widespread republic, has been time and again
satisfactorily demonstrated. The grand enterprise of opening a wagon
road through to Oregon, from the head of the Sacramento Valley, was
commenced, if not conceived, by James L. Freaner, who obtained from the
legislature of 1851-2 the passage of an act which would have secured
its certain success, had not the violent death of Col. Freaner at the
hands of hostile Indians while engaged in prosecuting his labors
rendered the operations of the act nugatory. There have been, ever
since the first settlement of the northernmost portion of the territory
of this state by the whites, constant depredations committed by the
aboriginal inhabitants, and they have been carried on with perfect
impunity, owing to the great difficulty of reaching them in the
fastnesses of the mountains, and the sparsely settled state of the
country.The attention of our representatives in Congress to the importance of the establishment of military roads in the interior is urged with zeal by our mountain cotemporary the Siskiyou Herald. It truly says that our inland communications on the Pacific in the present aspect of affairs demand immediate attention. A wagon road between California and Oregon can be made practicable for a trifling sum, and bat a few miles of road are needed to connect the Sacramento and Shasta valleys. The Herald estimates that an appropriation of between fifty and one hundred thousand dollars would be amply sufficient to open that part of the road now impracticable, and would so improve the Siskiyou Mountain as to render the whole road entirely useful. The route is the most important on the Pacific, and is one over which vast amounts of goods consumed by nearly ten thousand people now pass, all of which is packed on mules, with the exception of a few wagonloads which arrive in the fall from the valleys in Oregon. Over this road, says the Herald, would be hauled goods from the head of navigation on the Sacramento, on the south, and from Crescent City, Scottsburg, and all the rich and extensive valleys in Oregon on the north, and more closely connecting the interests of Northern California and Southern Oregon. In the event of a war with any of the European powers this road would be indispensable, as troops, stores &c. could be forwarded inland from San Francisco to the Columbia River over this route in from twelve to twenty days. It is in fact the only practicable inland route from San Francisco to the Columbia River, and must eventually be opened and improved, if not by the general government, by individual enterprise, which most assuredly will, in case of lethargy and tardiness on the part of the government in this affair, take hold of and complete the work with true American enterprise and dispatch. Sacramento Daily Union, December 21, 1854, page 2 Lieut. Withers, U.S.A., was in Portland, in company with Lieut. Hodges, U.S.A. Lieut. Withers has recently returned from the survey of the military road in Southern Road. He has performed his duty ably and impartially, we are satisfied. He could not have suited all the settlers, in any event, but in his survey he saved some ten miles in distance by going another than the ordinary route. The contracts (seventeen in number) have been let in $1,000 each. "Twenty-Three Days Later from Oregon," Sacramento Daily Union, December 22, 1854, page 1 Correspondence
of the Weekly Gazette.
Messrs. Editors:--Having read several communications in the Gazette relative
to the course pursued by Lieut. John Withers and Jesse Applegate in
locating the military road from Myrtle Creek to Scottsburg, I venture
to submit a
few facts concerning the expenditure of the appropriation to construct
the road from Myrtle Creek to Jacksonville.
Maj. Benj. Alvord was detailed to survey and locate the above road, and on the suggestion of the Secretary of War, Maj. Alvord employed Jesse Applegate to assist him. Gen. Lane and Gen. Adair had recommended Jesse Applegate to the Department as admirably qualified by his extended knowledge of the country and scientific attainments for such a service. Although the military road was located on the old and usually traveled route, yet the survey cost little less than five thousand dollars, or one-fourth of the whole appropriation. It seems almost incredible that so large a sum should have been squandered in locating and surveying a road only about 80 miles in length, but it must be recollected that the work was performed under direction of an officer of the army, and that the money belonged to Uncle Sam. The large company of men employed by Maj. Alvord "to drive the enemy from the route" must have drawn heavily upon the funds which should have been expended in the construction of the road. After the completion of the survey only about $15,000 remained to construct the road; $5,000 of this sum passed into the hands of Mr. Lindsay Applegate on a contract to complete the road through the Grave Creek Hills. What were the precise terms of the contract with Mr. Applegate is not known, but everyone who has passed over the new road during the past season must have been at a loss to conceive how a contract could be so worded as to obligate the contractor to do what Mr. Applegate performed and to do no more. If the road was to be cleared of timber a width of thirty, or even twenty feet, it most assuredly has never been so completed. The track was neither graded nor cleared of stumps, rocks, or other impediments--indeed, in the estimation of persons living on the route, who have enjoyed the best opportunity for knowing the facts, not more than $1,200 was ever expended by Lindsay Applegate under the contract for which he obtained $5,000. It is not the purpose of the writer of this communication to declare who is the most guilty in this odious transaction--suffice it to say that a large part of the appropriation intended for the construction of a road leading from Umpqua Valley to the mining regions was squandered, and Maj. Alvord and his adviser, Jesse Applegate, and the contractor, Lindsay Applegate, should each and all be held responsible for the manner in which that money was expended. When Col. Mansfield, the Inspector General of the Army, passed over the road last August, his attention was called to the scandalous condition of the work, and the people were promised that the whole affair should be investigated, and that justice should be administered to the parties in fault. Under a Democratic administration these things ought not to exist; sober-minded, honest, well-meaning Democrats will be led to believe that "all is not sound in Denmark," when all the appropriations of public money in this section of Oregon are placed under the control of leading and influential Whigs, to be squandered among their favorites and relatives. The undersigned regrets that information, from a reliable source, should not have reached Gen. Lane in time to have prevented the last appropriation from passing into the same hands. We cannot believe that the Department at Washington have acted advisedly in this matter. It must be recollected that Gen. Lane is far removed from his constituents, and cannot be presumed to know of all that transpires here in his absence. Although it is said that reliable Democrats forwarded intelligence to Washington of the conduct of Maj. Alvord and Jesse Applegate in the construction of the road to Jacksonville, yet we are of the number who refuse to credit such a report. We still think the whole affair will admit of a satisfactory explanation, and that this appropriation is the last to be expended in Oregon under the supervision of Whigs during this administration. Yours, Aristides. Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg,
December 23, 1854, page 2
Dr. Henry of Yamhill is likely to become the leader of the Whigs in the House, though it is said that the party are relying much upon Gen. Drew of Jackson County, whose fame as a tactician and party manager has preceded him. "Correspondence of the Weekly Gazette," Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, December 23, 1854, page 2 The people of Crescent City are stirring on the subject of plank and turnpike roads. The Herald of the 13th instant (by the way, one of the most spicy little sheets that reaches out sanctum), in speaking on this subject, says: Northern California and Southern Oregon, so long left secluded, encompassed as the country is by mountains and accessible only by pathways for pack mules, draw at length the attention of capitalists and men of enterprise from every direction. The truth of their vast mining resources, associated to superior agricultural capabilities, begins to dawn upon the people. Changes and improvements threaten now to come with a rush, and in true California style, upon that country, of which Yreka, in California, and Jacksonville, in Oregon, are the central and most conspicuous places. In all probability three wagon roads will be simultaneously constructed, and perhaps as early as next spring, from the south or Shasta City, from the north or from the coast or Crescent City, all aiming to reach and pass through Jacksonville and Yreka, to claim the trade and intercourse of .those regions. "Crescent City Items," San Joaquin Republican, Stockton, California, December 25, 1854, page 1 TURNPIKE ROAD.--The Herald says that in all probability three wagon roads will be simultaneously constructed, and perhaps as early as next spring, from the south or Shasta City, from the north or Scottsburg, and from the coast or Crescent City, all aiming to reach and pass through Jacksonville and Yreka, to claim the trade and intercourse of those regions. It will be seen that the capital stock is fixed at $85,000, divided into 850 shares of $100 each, on which an assessment of 10 percent will be called in after the stock is all subscribed for, and the company ready to commence work. $18,500 of the stock has been taken already. THE MILITARY ROAD.--We learn from the Times that Lieut. Withers has recently returned from the survey of the military road in Southern Oregon. Some of the settlers were dissatisfied, and petitioned Judge Deady for an injunction to stay work upon the road, but he properly declined for want of jurisdiction. The contracts have been let in sums of $1000 each, seventeen in number. Alta California, San Francisco, December 27, 1854, page 2 GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY
HERALD
A report of the committee, appointed by the settlers of Smith
River
Valley, to look into and ferret out the causes of the late movements
amongst the Indians, is published in this issue. A. Myers, J. Leverton,
J. Vaughan and Wm. Carman constituted the committee, and the suspicious
circumstances are the following: The removal of their provisions; the
presence of Rogue River, Chetco and Klamath Indians; the discovery of
secret and carefully concealed paths by which it seems the different
tribes communicate with each other. The exposed situation of the
settlers will be appreciated from the fact that if the Indians should
at a time of high water succeed in capturing the ferry boat near the
mouth of the river, all communication between the settlers and Crescent
City would be cut off. The Indians, however, being now fully aware of
having roused the vigilance of the whites and dreading the consequences
of an attack, no further disturbances have taken place.OF DEC. 27, 1854 Del Norte Record, Crescent City, February 11, 1893, page 1 Last revised August 24, 2024 |
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