These war brokers were mostly Jackson County men, and the chief among them was Charles S. Drew, who seems to have been one of the meanest individuals that ever lived in that part of the country. His home, which was near Jacksonville, was called Forest Dale. Another member of the clique was a rough, ignorant bush ranger named Robert L. Williams, called Bob for short, who was well known in the Rogue River country for his aversion to Indians, and his desire to "sun the moccasins" of as many as he could. This is border talk for killing them. Bob was out in the war of 1853, leading a company of miners from Althouse, Josephine County, and it was with great difficulty that General Lane was able to restrain him from cutting the throats of two Indian children whom he had taken after peace was made. In the war of 1855, through the covert influence of Drew and his gang, who wanted a pliant tool to use in their work of prolonging the war, Bob Williams was elected colonel of the Second Regiment of Oregon Mounted Volunteers, beating Major Bruce in the contest. Williams' qualifications consisted in a highly developed hatred of the natives, a thorough knowledge of their character and tactics, and the liking of a large part of his fellow soldiers. He had been one of the Texan rangers, it was said; at least he held some military office in that country. After the Indian wars closed he hung around Jacksonville, carousing and gambling, and ended his career there by murdering a man in the public streets in the daytime. He fled, calling out that his friends need not follow, and his enemies dare not. No one followed, and Southern Oregon has not seen him since, nor heard from him, excepting an ill-defined report of his being in Salt Lake City.
"Cost of an Indian War," Oregonian, Portland, December 13, 1885, page 2

    When I came in sight of Browntown [in May 1853] a big crowd of anxious miners were there discussing my prolonged absence. Capt. "Bob" Williams and "Shorty" among them. "Shorty" had advised that they do not worry, adding "That boy will come out somewhere." When they saw me coming they made the welkin ring, yelling like wild men, declaring that "the dead had come to life" and "the lost was found."
    When I told the boys where and how I had been in the time gone and that I spent two nights with the mad Klamath Indians, Williams and "Shorty" declared that I would never be killed by Indians. They could not understand why those hostile Klamaths had not killed me and taken my gun, as the Indians were anxious to get guns.
    The boys were amazed that any white man could thus stay among those redskins and come away alive so soon after the fight with those same Indians in 1851.
    In this year '51 a party of miners came from Trinidad to Klamath River. Capt. Williams, "Shorty" and George Woods were of the party. They had a fight with these Indians on the present site of Happy Camp, killing several of them. In the thickest of the battle Captain Williams emptied his old-fashioned muzzle-loading gun and jumped behind a tree none too large for his protection. An Indian seeing him so poorly shielded made for him with bow and arrow, fully determined to take his life before Williams could reload his gun. A squaw, perhaps his wife, ran with the Indian, handing arrows to him. Leaping and bounding he was shooting arrows at whatever he could see of Williams, who in turn was dodging first one way and then the other, trying to reload his gun. With every shot of an arrow came the Indian's quaint piercing exultant war yell in high key on the eve of victory, Yeep! Yeep! Yeep! Zip! Zip! Zip! sang the arrows as they tore bark from the tree in Captain "Bob's" very face. "Shorty," seeing the peril of his chum and brave companion, and that the Indian was rapidly closing in, making the escape of Williams impossible, fired at the Indian, and the squaw with her arrows being in range, he killed both of them at one shot. Now is Bob's time, and he jumped from behind the tree as he drew an old-fashioned pepperbox pistol from his pocket, loaded it and fired every barrel of it at the head of the Indian, saying as he did so, "You will shoot me, will you?"
A. J. Howell, "Story of Josephine County," Rogue River Courier, Grants Pass, November 1, 1912, page 3

    Messrs. Editors: Having just returned from an expedition that set out to fight the Indians on Applegate, commanded by Capt. Bob Williams, Rifle Rangers, on Sept. 4th, I have thought proper to give you the details of the expedition.
    Arriving on Applegate, we proceeded to obtain information relative to the whereabouts of the Indians. We scouted on the different creeks and tributaries emptying on the west side of Applegate, and on the morning of the 7th struck their trail and fresh signs crossing Applegate twelve or fourteen miles below the fort, at the junction of [the] Jacksonville trail with Applegate. At noon we came upon the Indians, but they were so far up the mountainside, among brush, that it was impossible to attack them with success. However, in maneuvering and dispatching small parties in different directions, to keep concealed, we succeeded in capturing a prisoner in the evening who proved to be a chief, "Jim Taylor," notorious as a leader in many murders and depredations committed against our fellow citizens. The Indians were careful to keep on the mountainsides, and on the morning of the 8th, finding it impracticable to drive the enemy from their position with success, we concluded to take our prisoner to Halstead's ferry to obtain conclusive evidence of his implication in various murders &c. perpetrated in that vicinity. On his trial he pointedly admitted his guilt, whereon he was executed by a detail of six men on Sept. 9th.
    On the 10th, having heard of the Indians stealing four horses from a party of immigrants, we set out on a scout in search of them, but discovering no sign, we marched for Applegate, determined, if we could find or see the Indians, to attack them at all hazards.
    On the 13th, our pack mules with the remainder of our men from Long's arrived, having the remnant of our provisions (about one meal's rations). We then set out for the fort to replenish our rations and follow up the pursuit. However, having previously heard of a body of Indians a few miles above, in the brush, we concluded to drive them out of their position, as we marched on our way.
    THE FIGHT.--About 3½ or 4 p.m. yesterday, [the] 13th, we came upon them--they firing upon us, concealed in the brush (probably an ambush). Our men spread out as skirmishers, taking refuge behind trees &c. After a pretty hot fire of thirty minutes one of our men, named Thomas Phillips, fell mortally wounded, being shot through the groin. Capt. Williams attempted to outflank them with a party of ten men, but did not succeed, from the density of the thicket and the danger of being shot by his own men if he attempted to charge the thicket. The firing gradually ceased on the part of the enemy at about an hour of sunset, but our men remained at their posts, firing at intervals where an Indian was seen until dark, when the enemy ceased firing entirely. The captain called us from our posts, placing pickets a considerable distance from our "caballada" of horses, to consult whether to charge them at daylight or march for the fort to obtain provisions--the latter was thought best, as the enemy had undoubtedly moved off from the fact of a cessation of firing.
    Our wounded comrade being dead, we conveyed his body to the fort and there buried him with honors of war. Thos. Phillips was a native of Chester County, Pa., Rennett Square township.
    The loss of the Indians, as near as could be ascertained, was twelve killed and wounded--probably much more, as the men are excellent shots and behaved with great coolness and decision.
Supplement to the Mountain Herald, Yreka, September 17, 1853

    John Taylor had a son named Jim, who separated himself from his father's people, and had joined the Indians on Applegate Creek, headed by Old Man John. Previous to the conclusion of the treaty Capt. Bob Williams with his company was sent to hunt up the Indians on this creek and bring them to an engagement. Williams is a man very much after Capt. Owens' stamp, but has also the reputation of being a great Indian fighter. As soon as the treaty was concluded General Lane sent an order to Capt. W. to report himself at headquarters. For some reason the order never reached him. A second order was sent, but the bearer was bribed by the opponents of the treaty not to deliver it. Williams continued in the mountains notwithstanding that the treaty was concluded, a fact that he knew, though he may not have known it officially, for he was in daily communication with Halstead's ferry, where the disbanded troops were every day passing with the news. Meanwhile the Indians were making every effort to get on the north side of Rogue River, to General Lane's headquarters, to be present at the treaty. Finally the Indians brought the news that Williams had killed Jim Taylor. Their account made it an infamous affair.
    Williams had an interpreter and guide, who passed by the sobriquet of Elick, who knows the country and the Indians, and is conversant with their tongue--he is a half-breed. With his assistance they found the Indians, but could not get at them; they were high up on a mountainside, and Williams was in the valley. Elick represented the party as miners, that they come from General Lane with power to treat with them, that they wanted them to come down and do so, so that they could go to work, and they might carry on the war with all other whites if they chose. They offered them plenty to eat, but the Indians were cautious and would not come down; they knew the fate of the Grave Creeks. For many hours they parleyed, but finding they could not be induced to come down, they desired that a part might come, and then they asked that three should come, and finally they entreated that one man might be sent to treat with them. Their entreaties were so earnest and kept up for so long a time that at the length Jim Taylor yielded. He came down and was instantly seized and carried off to Halstead's ferry, where they went through the form of a trial and tried to convict him of some of the injuries done to the whites, but nothing could be proved against him. He was then threatened with death if he did not confess to the part he had taken in the war. He admitted nothing, and was condemned to be shot. They took him into the woods below the ferry and tied a rope about his neck and fastened it to the limb of a tree above his head. Five men were selected who fired upon him, two balls passed through his head and the others entered his back. His body was left dangling to the limb. An old man from the Willamette by the name of Yates was at the ferry, but would not go down to witness the deed, but after they came back he proposed to burying him, but no one would volunteer to assist him until finally two men went with him and dug a grave for the dead Indian, and placing his scalp--which some white man had taken off in the meantime and hung upon the bushes--on his head again, they buried him.
    Finally Old Man John succeeded in dodging Williams; he got across the river and was present at the signing of the treaty, and received his first payment. He reported all his warriors present but five, though quite a number of his women and children were still about. On the 15th of September Williams returned and reported that he had had a desperate battle on the 13th. He had found the Indians in the bush and attacked them, and after four hours fighting night came on and interrupted the conflict. He had killed and wounded twelve Indians and had but one man killed. The news of the fight reached camp through the whites before the Indians knew it. It was told to John, and he was asked if they were his people; he said no, they could not be his, as they were all present but five, that it must have been Tipsu Tyee's band. On the evening of the 15th John's five men presented themselves to Gov. Lane and told their story. They had been attacked by Williams as they were endeavoring to get across the river on to the reserve, with the women and children. They had but three guns, and with these they kept them at bay until night, when they made their escape. They lost one woman and two children killed. This is the last battle with the Rogue River Indians fought by Capt. Williams.
"Interesting from Oregon Territory," New York Herald, November 14, 1853, page 3  Possibly authored by August V. Kautz.


    Of course there were enough of the wild and reckless in the two camps ready for any undertaking, and on the following night "crazy Bob Wilson," as he was generally called, collected a party of eighteen and started without the knowledge of any officer to make good his threats of vengeance.
    Being well acquainted with the country and having discovered from scouts about the camp that an Indian chief, known among the whites as Taylor Jim, with about twenty Snake Indians were camped about ten miles away, they went out and under cover of the night surrounded their camp and with the first streak of morning light rushed in upon their unsuspecting foes, and before any ineffectual resistance was made they killed or captured the whole party. The old chief was among the prisoners, and being personally acquainted with Wilson pled for his life, but his captor was relentless as fate. One after the other of the prisoners were set up like turkeys at a shooting match and shot down without the slightest regard to law, human or divine, "Old Bob" crying out at each shot, "Go in, boys! Kill the d----d diggers and make treaty afterward." Old Taylor Jim preserved his stoical indifference, and when he alone was left, raised upon his feet and marched out to the allotted spot with arms folded and steady step, and there awaited his death. The order was given and every man in the party fired, and the old chief fell forward upon his face pierced by eighteen bullets. The party then returned to camp, fully satisfied with the exploit, and as they were warm friends with many of the officers their breach of law was overlooked and charged to the casualties of war.
"An Indian Campaign," East Saginaw Courier, Michigan, April 27, 1864, page 1




    Although, according to the armistice, peace should have been restored [between the battle of Evans Creek and the Table Rock Treaty], there was some further fighting in scattered localities between independent volunteer companies and rovin bands of Indians. … Robert L. Williams, captain of a volunteer company, was also reported to have slain twelve Indians in an unfair fight, in which he lost one man, Thomas Phillips.
Frances Fuller Victor, The Early Indian Wars of Oregon, 1894, page 314


    It is rumored that Capt. Bob Williams and his rangers had a fight with the Applegate Indians a few days since, and killed about twenty, with a loss of but one man wounded.
"Later from the Scene," Sacramento Daily Union, September 19, 1853, page 2


    The Mountain Herald, of September 17, delivered to us by Messrs. Cram, Rogers & Co., contains several interesting letters concerning the Indian difficulties in the north.
    Captain Bob Williams, with his company of Rifle Rangers, has lately been doing some good service in the Applegate country. .On the 7th inst., they came upon a fresh trail of the Applegate Indians, and soon succeeded in capturing a chief known by the sobriquet of "Jim Taylor." They could not, however, get the Indians into a position to attack them advantageously. Jim Taylor confessed to a participation
in many of the daring outrages which have been lately committed in that vicinity, and he was accordingly executed.
    On the 12th instant, at about 4 o'clock p.m., Captain Williams came upon a large party of Indians in ambush. The men immediately spread out as skirmishers, and commenced firing upon them. The battle lasted about three  hours, until nightfall, during which time one American, Thomas Phillips. from Chester Co., Pa., was killed by a ball passing through his groin. It is estimated that about twelve Indians
were killed.
"The Indian War," Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, September 24, 1853, page 2


    We learn from Messrs. Leland & McComb's Express that their messenger reached Crescent City on the 30th July from Althouse. He stated that it was currently reported at Sailors' Diggings and through the Illinois Valley that the Indian agent had sent in word to the whites to be prepared for an outbreak of the Indians at the above settlements, as they had warned him unless Bob Williams (the mountain ranger who shot one of their number a little while since) is given up to them, they will break out and revenge themselves. They have collected on Desert Creek to some extent, and have sent their squaws into the mountains. Great excitement prevails in the valley.--Oregon Standard, July 25.
"Threatened Indian Difficulties," Daily Courier, Buffalo, New York, September 12, 1854, page 2


    INDIAN DIFFICULTIES.--A correspondent of the Alta, writing from Umpqua Valley, under date of August 26th, gives the following recital of Indian disturbances in the north:
    "About the 1st of this month, it was rather the prevalent opinion in Crescent City, that there would soon be difficulties with the Rogue River Indians. On the ninth of Aug. I left, and arrived near Jacksonville on the 14th. With reference to the cause of the disturbance, I made immediate inquiries of some of the most respectable gentlemen of the valley, such as Dr. Ambrose and Judge McFadden. I conversed with these two gentlemen concerning the Indians, and they concurred in stating, as they were most credibly informed, that the difficulty arose from the most wanton and abandoned cruelties of two lawless white men. The first act was committed by a gambler: it seems that several Indians had been employed on Rogue River to move a family lower down the river in their boat; the husband. at the time the scene happened, was forty or fifty yards from the boat, and his wife was near; a stranger appeared upon the bank and conversed with her and the Indians as they were carrying the baggage to the boat; he turned shortly and went a little distance, hiding himself from Indian observation, and as the premeditated victim had passed in the path by him, unseen he came forth, and like a dastard, shot the poor Indian mortally in the back, and ran away, leaving the helpless woman and her little ones at the instant mercy of savage ferocity. The other act was committed, according to report, by Williams or Bob Williams, in consequence of an Indian being determined to protect his wife, and not yield her to the reckless and wanton debauchery of a fiend clad in awhite man's skin; that Indian was shot for that mere determination. What white man would hear all this and think himself a man? And lo! the poor Indian--ravish from his breast his dearest tie, then kill him and cast him to the dogs! I am informed that the difference in reference to the first act has been settled by paying the Indians two hundred dollars, all they demanded; and that now the other is under adjustment by the Indian agent, who is an active and efficient gentleman in the discharge of the functions of his office. Much do the citizens of Rogue River Valley owe to such an agent, where peace and plenty abound, instead of the horrors of a devastating Indian war."
Sacramento Daily Union, September 15, 1854, page 3


    We learn from Mr. Harris, who arrived here a few days since from Yreka, that on Friday, 3rd inst., a man was shot in the neighborhood of Jacksonville, by the Applegate or Rogue River Indians. Dr. McKinney and eight others went in pursuit of the murderers, and finally overtook them in superior force, a fight took place, and in the melee Dr. McKinney and seven of his party were killed. One man alone made his escape, and he reached Jacksonville in a crippled condition. Capt. Williams, with a strong party, had gone in pursuit of the enemy.
    This is but another bloody proof that it is impossible for the two races to live in contiguity. Every day that the utter extirpation of the Indians is prolonged but engenders fresh murders. It is useless to inquire who is in fault; the fact is written in the blood of some of our best citizens that the races cannot live together. In such case, the first law of nature, self-preservation, would seem to dictate that policy which Napoleon adopted toward his prisoners in Arabia.
Oregonian, Portland, August 11, 1855, page 2


    INDIAN DIFFICULTIES.--A correspondent of the Alta, writing from Umpqua Valley, under date of August 26th, gives the following recital of Indian disturbances in the north:
    "About the 1st of this month, it was rather the prevalent opinion in Crescent City, that there would soon be difficulties with the Rogue River Indians. On the ninth of Aug. I left, and arrived near Jacksonville on the 14th. With reference to the cause of the disturbance, I made immediate inquiries of some of the most respectable gentlemen of the valley, such as Dr. Ambrose and Judge McFadden. I conversed with these two gentlemen concerning the Indians, and they concurred in stating, as they were most credibly informed, that the difficulty arose from the most wanton and abandoned cruelties of two lawless white men. The first act was committed by a gambler: it seems that several Indians had been employed on Rogue River to move a family lower down the river in their boat; the husband. at the time the scene happened, was forty or fifty yards from the boat, and his wife was near; a stranger appeared upon the bank and conversed with her and the Indians as they were carrying the baggage to the boat; he turned shortly and went a little distance, hiding himself from Indian observation, and as the premeditated victim had passed in the path by him, unseen he came forth, and like a dastard, shot the poor Indian mortally in the back, and ran away, leaving the helpless woman and her little ones at the instant mercy of savage ferocity. The other act was committed, according to report, by Williams or Bob Williams, in consequence of an Indian being determined to protect his wife, and not yield her to the reckless and wanton debauchery of a fiend clad in awhite man's skin; that Indian was shot for that mere determination. What white man would hear all this and think himself a man? And lo! the poor Indian--ravish from his breast his dearest tie, then kill him and cast him to the dogs! I am informed that the difference in reference to the first act has been settled by paying the Indians two hundred dollars, all they demanded; and that now the other is under adjustment by the Indian agent, who is an active and efficient gentleman in the discharge of the functions of his office. Much do the citizens of Rogue River Valley owe to such an agent, where peace and plenty abound, instead of the horrors of a devastating Indian war."
Sacramento Daily Union, September 15, 1854, page 3


    On Applegate some stock has been taken, but of the amount I am not advised. Capt. Bob Williams is in that vicinity, and I expect soon to hear of the effects of his unerring rifle.
Charles S. Drew, letter of October 6, 1855, Oregonian, Portland, October 20, 1855, page 2


Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, December 1, 1855, page 3


November 18, Sunday. This morning by 8 o'clock we were on the march. We traveled 9 miles and met some men that informed us that Capt. Bob Williams had attacked the Indians 30 or 40 in number, and had completely cleaned them out, having killed 5 of them and put the rest to flight. 1 man wounded. They think that the Indians have retreated down toward the mouth of Grave Creek. We went back 3 miles to Grave Creek, thence down this stream 4 miles and encamped for the night.
Harvey Robbins, "Journal of the Rogue River War, 1855," Oregon Historical Quarterly, vol. 34, pages 345-358


    On the fourth of December all arrived at the Grave Creek House, where they learned of the governor's proclamation uniting the two battalions into a regiment and ordering the election of officers as above mentioned. From here Major Bruce proceeded to Fort Vannoy (headquarters), where the election of colonel and lieutenant colonel was held on the sixth, resulting in the choice of Captain Williams for the first position, and Major Martin for the second.
Frances Fuller Victor, The Early Indian Wars of Oregon, 1894, pages 363-364




    Capt. Williams, commonly called "Bob Williams," has been elected Colonel of the Southern Regiment of O.M. Volunteers.
Oregonian, Portland, December 29, 1855, page 2


    COL. OF THE 2ND REGIMENT.--It will be seen by reference to the vote for Colonel, published in today's issue, that John Kelsay has received a plurality of the votes cast.
    Col. Kelsay is a resident of Corvallis, Benton County; volunteered, and was elected Captain of the Benton County company, raised by order of Gen. Lamerick. He has but recently come into the service, and little is known of his military capacity or talent to command. He takes command of the regiment under rather unfavorable circumstances, as little has been accomplished since Col. Williams has had command; yet, as Col. Kelsay is elected, we hope that he may do that which should have been done long ago--that is, whip the Indians.
Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, March 29, 1856, page 2


    Accordingly, about the first of December, 1855, with my own gun bought for that special purpose at fifty dollars, I mounted Mr. Thompson's horse and wended my way to Fort Vannoy, two miles below the present site of Grants Pass, where I was duly enrolled in Major James Bruce's command, under C. A. Rice as captain and J. S. Miller as first lieutenant. I cannot now recall the names of our lower officers, but we were all under Colonel Robert Williams (known in private life as Bob Williams) as the Southern Battalion of Oregon Mounted Volunteers.
    This organization constituted the army of the southern part of the state. But we were soon joined by a company from the northern part of the state under the command of Captain Rinearson, making altogether quite an imposing army. And now under the leadership of Colonel Robert Williams, who was by nature both escort and leader, on the forgotten day of September [sic] we set out for the "cabins" in the Applegate country where the Indians were known to be encamped. On arriving there guards were promptly placed around the cabins to prevent any attempt the Indians might make to steal away under cover of night, while the command was waiting the arrival of a howitzer known to be on the way under the escort of Captain Judah of Fort Jones, California.
    The army now returned to headquarters at Fort Vannoy to recruit and get ready for the next expedition, when our scouts, chief of whom is now again our late Colonel Williams (now only Colonel Bob), again located them in a heavy wooded country opposite the upper end of the Big Meadows on Rogue River. All ready now for the renewal of the conflict at the Meadows with our gallant Colonel Williams still at the head of the army, though just now fresh from the scenes of the scout. We now move in warlike style for the scenes of the coming fray opposite the Big Meadows, hopeful of success this time. Arrived at the Meadows, we made camp for the night in the middle of that open and extensive meadow, with a strong guard all round us to prevent any attempt of the cowardly foe, who, not now more than a mile distant from us, did not dare to attack us, but under cover of their heavily wooded and brush-environed camp lay quietly during the night, wondering, I suppose, how we were on the morrow to cross the river and meet them face to face, and the sequel shows how vainly we strove to cross the river in the face of their well-selected place of defense.
    On the morrow, at the sound of the bugle call, all hands were up and preparing the morning meal, with a noonday lunch, while engaged in an almost hand-to-hand encounter with the Indians in their stronghold. During the night, on our side of the river, the movements for the morrow were all arranged. Fully equipped for a day of hard work, the army, with the exception of a few campkeepers, were to march down to the river and of the drift logs that lay on the bank of the stream were to construct a raft on which the army could be rafted over into the timber, where it would have an equal fight with the redskins, and while the axmen were at work on the raft the balance were sitting on the high ground overlooking them. Very unexpectedly to all hands, a report as of the exploding of a gun cap was heard as if from across the river, and immediately followed by the loud report of a gun from the same direction. At once the whole force of the men on the side of the hill were on the run for the river, where they might find shelter among the rocks and logs and trees abounding there, a few of us stopping on the hillside to take advantage of the rocks and small trees there for shelter.
Albert G. Rockfellow, "Old Indian Wars," Ashland Tidings, October 7, 1912, page 4


    There were those of the north who found cause of complaint against Colonel R. L. Williams, and when an election for colonel took place, John Kelsay of the northern battalion was chosen to that office, with W. W. Chapman lieutenant colonel.
Frances Fuller Victor, The Early Indian Wars of Oregon, 1894, page 387


    The Yreka Union, of the 7th inst., give the particulars of several desperate fights between the forces of Gen. Cosby and the Modoc and Deschute Indians. The first engagement took place on the morning of the 9th July, near Tule Lake, between a detachment of 40 men under Capt. Williams, and 50 or 60 Indians; the latter were routed and their village destroyed.
"The Indian War in the North," San Joaquin Republican, Stockton, August 14, 1856, page 3


    From an extra of the Yreka Union, of August 22, furnished us by the Pacific Express, we take the following news:
    Gen. Cosby arrived in town this afternoon from the scene of the war, against the Modocs. The General was accompanied by a detachment of twenty-five men. Adjt. Gen. H. T. Templeton, Major Pembroke Murray, Dr. Duvall and others, have also arrived. From our special correspondent, at the seat of war, we have received the following dispatch, giving in detail the movement of the troops since our last intelligence:
    MR. EDITOR:--I send you by this--the first opportunity--a short account of our movements out here against the Modocs and other Indians. On the 7th of August, about thirty-five miles southeast of this point, Gen. Cosby, with Cap. Williams' company, cut up a band of Indians, killing nine bucks, and capturing some thirty squaws and papooses, all of whom were liberated, except two squaws, who were brought to camp. The Indians were digging camas roots, an article of food. They had beef in their camp, indicating that they had participated in the spoils of the cattle recently stolen from the Shasta Valley. Every buck in the ranch was killed. Maj. Wood, fortunately discovering the first Indian not far from the ranch, led to its surprise.
    On the 14th inst., Gen. Cosby took Captain Martin's company, with Adjt. Gen. Templeton, Col. Goodall and Major Walton of his staff, and started on a scout. They returned yesterday to headquarters, having scoured some 150 miles of country on Lost River, Little Klamath and Tule Lakes. A great deal of hostile Indian sign was seen, and signal smokes frequently raised.
    Several parties of Indians were seen, but they all succeeded in making their escape, either on horseback or in boats, except one party, whom we attacked in Tule Lake, by wading out in the water and tule, holding up our rifles and revolvers. Most of them made their escape on boats, but a strong wind blowing on a lee shore enabled us to capture one boat; and in the fray two bucks and a squaw, who fought with a bow and arrows, were killed. We captured two little girls and a boy, and have them in camp; and also captured a squaw, whom we liberated.
    This little affair occurred not far from the scene of Coat's massacre in '52, and near Bloody Point, where the Indians "corralled" the emigrant wagons the same year. We destroyed on this scout several ranches, and a good deal of Indian muckamuck (food) and scoured Lost River pretty well, catching plenty of fine fish at every camp, causing quite a demand for fry pans. Our fuel was always Fremontia artemisia, or, in vulgar parlance, sagebrush--a miserable weed or brush, and fit only to grow on these alkali deserts out here--than which nothing looks more dreary or desolate.
    The boys in camp are in fine condition, and are anxious to get at the Indians in the lakes, by building boats. There is from six to eight hundred hostile warriors out here scattered around in the country, who need a good cleaning out the worst kind.
The North Californian, Oroville, August 29, 1856, page 3


    Early in the summer of 1856, Maj. Gen. John D. Cosby and Brig. Gen. Colton, at the mining camp of Yreka, held a conference about repressing Modoc hostilities, which had been going on more or less since the close of the Ben Wright campaign against these Indians in the summer and fall of 1852. These Indians had evinced implacable hostility to the whites from the earliest influx of the latter--to dig gold and develop the rich valleys of the mountain and lake region lying on the watershed of Klamath and Pit rivers. In alliance with the Klamath River and lake Indians to the north and west of them, and of the Pit River Indians to their south and southeast, who were equally hostile and implacable, and occupying the tules of Tule Lake for themselves, with Lost River and its rich valley for hunting and fishing, as well as Tule Lake itself, into which they could retreat in canoes to islands constructed of masses of tule, with the lava beds immediately adjacent to the lake on the south to fall back into, their position and surroundings were rather formidable in a military point of view, or to use a frontier phrase the "Injuns was hard to get at, and when you kotch him he wuzzent thar." Under these well-known circumstances and difficulties of the situation, the general commanding, who was determined to protect the settlements at all hazards, determined to call for volunteers and picked men, and to appoint an able and efficient staff, all of which was immediately done, and with three companies under Captains Martin, Williams and Ballard, and a fair equipment of arms, ammunition and horses, the troops being all mounted for scouting service, and a good supply of subsistence and boats, taken in wagons, the command headed by the general in person marched promptly to the Lost River country, distant seventy miles, and took post at Willow Springs, on Clear Lake, in close juxtaposition to the Modoc stronghold and in the heart of their country. During this march, which lay along the line of Little Klamath Lake, and thence across Lost River at the natural bridge, and thence across the desert to the north and in front of Tule Lake, the general sent out strong scouting parties to feel of the Indians, in which Lieut. Warmouth and John Alban were killed. Alban, an intrepid scout and frontiersman, was deeply regretted, and was buried with the honors of war. He had served under Jo Lane in the disturbances in Rogue River Valley in 1853, and had been in that war one of the picked scouts whenever Lane wanted important information.
    Gen. Cosby's plan of operations were carried on by sending out detachments in the direction of Pit River in the southeast, to the east and northeast towards Goose Lake--and to the north and west to the country of Lalakes, a chief of the Klamaths, living on Wocus Lake. In one of these expeditions the wigwam of Lalakes was burnt and an Indian camp nearby was surprised and destroyed, and a day or two after on the march to Big Klamath Lake, through a country magnificent and grand in mountain scenery, lakes, portages, valleys, mammoth springs of sparkling water, fish and Indian roots used as food, an almost perfect paradise for Indians or anybody else--we succeeded in destroying another Indian fishing and hunting camp and in killing one buck Indian, on the river that debouches into Big Klamath Lake, and just above the lake. Camping for the night on the left bank of this river in front, just before dark a mounted Indian, evidently a chief, approached the camp, having the river in his front for protection, and in classic Chinook jargon told us that we had invaded his country and had that day killed one of his braves and destroyed a camp. That his heart was good to the whites, and his hands and the hands of his tribe were unstained by the blood of any white man. In reply to this the general informed the chief that he was at war with the Modocs and their allies, and if the chief's heart was as good as he said it was he would send a mounted detachment, early in the morning, to inspect his camp in the tules of the lake, and, if the chief's heart was good, a favorable and friendly reception of the detachment would prove it.
    At daylight a detachment under Bob Williams were in the saddle, crossed the river above at a shoal, and proceeded to the Indian camp at the tules, proceeding to the latter part of the way on foot, the muck and mire being impracticable for horses. Their reception in the Indian camp was friendly. They proffered hospitalities and protested friendly feelings for the whites, and the result was that Tu-tup-carks, a chief, promised to come to our camp speedily for a peace talk and treaty of amity, and that he would confer with the Modoc chiefs on his way, as there were relations between his tribe and the Modocs, and friendly relations with all the tribes might in this way be brought about.
    In one of the expeditions to Pit River a camp was destroyed and some prisoners brought in, and in a scout one day along the line of Tule Lake a strong south wind forced some Indian canoes within range of our rifles, and we captured two canoes with squaws and papooses, the squaws telling us afterwards that the bucks, to escape our rifles, had got into the water and clung to the tule with only their heads out. This was very near the scene of the Bloody Point massacre of immigrants in 1852, which called out the campaign of Ben Wright. As we all got wet in this skirmish and were nearly chilled to death by the cold, stiff breeze, the bucks concealed in the tule must have had a merry old time, and as we remained some time on the ground the bucks must have thought the Bostons wake klose ["Americans not good"].
    The boat operations were carried on by a special detachment, the boats, working with both oars and paddles, being made to hold six men with arms and subsistence, and every dry tule-bed island that could be found was burned to the water's edge. The greatest loss, however, to the Modocs was the burning of their winter houses, built in the surrounding hills, with cellars for warmth in winter and deep snow, and with considerable pretensions to architecture and especially to comfort. It seemed a pity to burn these winter houses and leave the poor Modocs out in the cold, but Gen. Cosby decided to do it and detailed Capt. Goodall to perform the duty with a special detachment, and it was effectually done by drumming around in the hills and in concealed places and setting them on fire.
    The most arduous and fatiguing of these scouts was the one to Little Klamath Lake. Connected to this lake is a vast bed of tule, interspersed with lagoons and patches of water, and in the midst a mountain, a very Indian stronghold.
    The general headed the expedition to this point in person, and quite a lot of the mats, baskets and fishing tackle was taken and destroyed, but halo siwash ["no Indians"]--that is, the Indians had flown, expired or evaporated--that is, taken to the lake in their canoes and hid in the tule, and, fortunately for the Indians, but unfortunately for us, our boats were all over in Tule Lake. So the Indians, who have eyes, got away this time also.
    When this campaign was over Gen. Cosby, as a state senator, from his place in the senate, modestly and properly asked an appropriation to pay the troops for their gallant and arduous services. The discussion on this subject was short and sweet. One senator asked Gen. Cosby how many Indians he had killed, and the general answered: "Sir, more than you have--and more than you ever saw, perhaps!" and with this the house came down, and an appropriation of $200,000 was readily had from the great Gold State. It is true this was paid in scrip, and the faith and credit of the state pledged, but at the instance of Governor Low the United States assumed it and it was paid in greenbacks from the office of the proper state officer at the capitol at Sacramento in 1866, or ten years after.
    Before closing this true account of the "Modoc disturbances of 1856," it is correct to say that old Tu-tup-carks, the chief, true to his word, went over to Tule Lake, stirred up the Modocs, had a long talk and some big powwows with the Modoc chief and braves, and then put in an appearance in our camp. Cosby being absent on a scout, the preliminaries of a treaty were drawn up, written out and signed, and on Gen. Cosby's return, approved and confirmed, and Tu-tup-carks himself accompanied us to Yreka, and with all due formality placed the treaty of peace with the Modocs on record.
    Shortly after the main body of Modocs--old men, squaws and papooses--came into Yreka to receive presents from Gen. Cosby, and from that time to the opening of hostilities again in 1872, or for more than fifteen years, peace was had with the Modocs under the Cosby treaty.
    At this time disturbances in Oregon were going on, and Capt. A. J. Smith of the dragoons, a gallant officer commanding at Fort Lane, was powerless to suppress them with his small force. At Fort Jones in Scotts Valley, Capt. Judah, another brave and gallant officer, was in a like fix, with a small infantry force, totally inadequate to keep order and suppress disturbances on the frontier. Under this state of things, Gen. Cosby (since dead) was deserving of this country and of the esteem of his compatriots in gallantly taking the field in person and gathering around him an able and efficient corps of picked men and officers, to aid him in protecting the frontier.
"The Debatable Land," Morning Oregonian, Portland, December 8, 1885, page 2


    We make the following extracts from the Yreka Union of Oct. 2nd, which is furnished that paper by a correspondent from the seat of war.
    The night of the 21st we camped on a large tributary of Big Klamath Lake, with the lake itself in full view; and by the signal smokes, seen in every direction, knew that the Indians were thoroughly aroused, and aware of our position. Early on the morning of the 22nd active preparations were made for attacking the Indians in the tule along the edge of the lake, and shoes and moccasins were found to be more in requisition than boots, as most of us had already had some experience in wading.
    Leaving the guard in camp with the luggage, the command started to see what fun would turn up during the day, and in a short time an old buck, on the opposite side of the river, at a distance, showed himself and "hollered" wake sullix, hias tika klose wawa. Lalakes, Lalakes, &c., &c. ["Not angry, really want good talk."]
    Gen. Cosby, after trying for some time to get him to come into camp--the Indian evincing a good deal of diplomacy, and at length throwing a challenge out to come on and fight--sent Capt. Williams, with twenty-five men, across the river to bring on an action if possible, and at the same time sent Capt. Ballard up the river to bring down some Indian boats--which we had luckily discovered--in order to get at them in the water.
    Capt. Williams found the Indians in the tule were hard to get at, and not disposed to fight, but succeeded in getting three bucks out and bringing them into camp. The Indians reported themselves as disposed to be friendly; denied murdering and stealing; that they were of Lalakes' tribe, who was himself in Oregon on a visit to Gen. Palmer, to get a klose [good] paper and hiyu ictas [many things]; that the Modocs of Tule Lake had been doing all the mischief recently done, and were led on by "Nigger Bill," who had made them believe that they could whip all the Bostons "out clean"; that Lalakes had thrown off the Modocs--who were once his people--because they made war with the whites. They also stated that as soon as Lalakes returned from Oregon he would come into our camp and see us. They wanted us to return to them their captured horses and children, which Gen. Cosby refused to do until they came into camp and give proofs of friendship for the whites, which they promised to do in a few days. Gen. Cosby stated to them his wish to be at peace if they would be friendly, and his determination to make war on them if they chose to be hostile; which he could now do to better advantage, having rode all over their country and seen it.
Trinity Journal, Weaverville, California, October 11, 1856, page 3


    Lieut. Allen, who has been in Capt. Williams' company, in the Klamath Lake campaign against the Modoc Indians, visited us the other day. He looks as well as could be expected, having suffered considerable from the effects of a wound he received at Hungry Hill, on the 31st of October last, while a private in Capt. Harris' company of volunteers.
    He informed as that Gen. Cosby had returned to Yreka with his command; but he (Allen) had fears that the Modocs would follow the volunteers and commence murdering and robbing again, as they were not more than half-whipped. The volunteers captured about thirty horses from the Indians, which no doubt they had stolen from the settlers. Some of the citizens of Rogue River Valley had obtained their lost horses. There is a probability that others of the citizens who have lost horses might find them among those brought in. We understand that they are on a ranch near Yreka.
Table Rock Sentinel, Jacksonville, October 25, 1856, page 2


    In 1853 a man named McCloud was accused by a drinking miner of robbing him of about five hundred dollars. Excitement ran high. McCloud was tied by the hands to an overhanging tree and 50 lashes laid upon his naked body with a rope in the hands of one Jack Driscoll, the writer being a witness. McCloud strongly maintained innocence. About this time Captain "Bob" Williams rode into camp with his gun across the saddle. At the sight of Williams with a gun McCloud appealed to him, saying, "For God's sake, Bob, shoot me." The whipping over, Williams asked McCloud what it all meant and took him to the bar and treated him. McCloud explained the accusation for which he was flogged. "Bob" replied: "McCloud, if you are guilty you ought to be hung; if you are innocent you ought to kill the last one of them." McCloud soon convinced Williams of his innocence, who told him to go to his ranch (now known as the Beach & Platter farm).
    "But," said McCloud, "they won't let me go."
    "Go on," replied Williams, "I'll see that they do."
    McCloud started, but Driscoll, the rope wielder, strode after him and defiantly commanded: "Come back here, we are going to give you thirty more in the morning."
    Williams answered him thus: "Driscoll, let that man alone."
    Driscoll's answer to Williams was: "You are no better than he is," meaning McCloud.
    Williams, now desperate, went for his gun, Driscoll fleeing behind the house. The men present interfered, and to save Driscoll's life they took the gun from Williams. Williams then took McCloud to his ranch to protect him.
    Subsequently a miner while ground sluicing a prospect hole in the rear of an old saloon washed out a similar amount of "dust" where it was believed the drinking miner had cached his money and, forgetting it, he believed McCloud had robbed him.
    In the summer of 1857 Williams was in Herman Helms' saloon in Jacksonville, Oregon, when upon returning to the street he saw Driscoll walking down the other side. Williams shot Driscoll dead with a double-barreled shotgun, remarking as he did so: "I have got you at last."
A. J. Howell, "Pioneer Howell Writes of Indian Fights," Rogue River Courier, Grants Pass, March 22, 1912, page 6


    While they were arguing what to do Jim Bean let McCloud go, not knowing what to do with him. McCloud was making his home at Cochran's Ranch out at Democrat Gulch (the old Northcutt ranch)--he started to go out home and had [been] gone some ten or fifteen minutes when the vigilantes asked for McCloud. Jim Bean told them he had gone home, that he had let him go, not knowing whether they would want him anymore. Jack Driscoll ran to catch up with McCloud. Just beyond my bakery and saloon he met Captain Bob Williams coming in from Cochran's Ranch, where he lived. Driscoll asked if he had met McCloud. Williams said yes, that he had told McCloud to go out home. Driscoll said he was going to bring him back. Williams said he should not. Driscoll started, and Williams brought his rifle down on him and told him to come back. Driscoll ran back into Brown's butcher shop (adjoining my bakery) and grabbed up an ax and went for Bob Williams with it. Brown caught the ax and Williams struck at Driscoll with his bowie knife. Somebody had caught Williams' rifle, but the crowd rushed in and parted them, and the vigilantes sent out Dutcher the constable after McCloud the next morning and they tied him up again to a tree and whipped him some more, and McCoy too, until they did not know what to do. 
    Bob Williams came along the trail from the ranch and McCloud called to Williams for God's sake to shoot him and not let them whip him any more. The vigilantes then thought a man by the name of Elmer James Roades had been around with McCoy, McCloud and the monte banks when the drunken miner was playing, but Roades was present and told the crowd that he did not know anything of the lost gold, and if the crowd undertook to whip him he would die first, or if they did, he would kill everyone, if it took him ten years to do it. So that with the opposition to the vigilantes, and Roades' threats, kept him from being whipped. So McCloud and McCoy were told to leave the vicinity and Althouse Creek in 24 hours. Some few men that sympathized with McCoy gave him some money, and he left for parts unknown. McCloud went over to Sucker Creek, about 4 or 5 miles over the mountains, and stayed awhile at our bakery and saloon, until he got well enough to travel (and he was innocent of the stealing).
Doyce B. Nunis, ed., The Golden Frontier: The Recollections of Herman Francis Reinhart 1851-1869, written 1887, published 1962


    SHOOTING AT JACKSONVILLE.--From some gentlemen who arrived in town on Monday evening, we learn that a man named Jack Driscoll was shot at Jacksonville on the 18th inst., by Bob Williams. The cause is said to have been an accusation made by Driscoll that Williams was at the head of a band of horse thieves. On meeting Driscoll, Williams shot him with a double-barrel shotgun, loaded with buckshot, five of which entered his abdomen. Williams then snapped the other barrel at him, mounted his mule and rode off. Driscoll managed to support himself by holding on to a post, and in that position fired five shots at Williams as he was leaving. The sheriff pursued Williams for a short distance, and then returned, while Williams went eight miles to Sterling and remained that night, leaving next morning for parts unknown. At the last accounts Driscoll was still living, but it was impossible for him to recover.
Crescent City Herald, January 28, 1857, page 2




    AFFAIRS AT JACKSONVILLE.--…On the 18th, R. L. Williams, or "Bob Williams," shot a Mr. A. J. Driskell, in the street, with a shotgun loaded with buckshot. Williams immediately fled and has not been arrested. Driskell died on the 22nd. The affair was caused by Driskell stating that Williams was connected with a band of horse thieves ranging between California and the Dalles of the Columbia. Driskell made an affidavit before his death, implicating a number of these thieves.
Weekly Oregonian, Portland, February 21, 1857, page 4


    "The pay streak was not discovered on Williams Creek until 1859. In that year Captain Robert Williams, well-known Indian fighter of Southern Oregon, discovered pay dirt on the creek named for him."
John B. Caldwell, in "Impressions and Observations of the Journal Man," by Fred Lockley, Oregon Journal, Portland, November 25, 1931, page 4


    History has furnished us many instances of the heroism of men in the ages which are gone, and yet we must look over the records of American pioneers to find examples of genuine, disinterested bravery and true nobility of character. J. Fenimore Cooper, in his delineation of the life-scenes of Nathaniel Bumppo, has supplied the true picture of the vicissitudes through which the early settler went in subduing the wildernesses of America. There has ever been a class of men who have lived upon the borders of the frontier, retreating at every advance of civilization. They lived upon the excitement incident to such a life. Among those characters, not one is more conspicuous than Capt. R. L. Williams. Possessing an enthusiastic temperament, he came to California, with the "Argonauts of '49," during the gold excitement then existing. Here he became famous as a prospector and a courageous man, and performed many deeds of daring. After remaining in California about one year he came to Oregon. At this time a large portion of the southern part of the state was infested with savages, who were engaged in committing depredations upon the whites. Capt. Williams at once became famous among the whites as a protector, and among the Indian tribes he was feared as a dangerous enemy. His reputation among the savages was about what Natty Bumppo had among the Iroquois or Canadian Indians. There was no danger Capt. Williams would not face to protect the settlers who were in peril from the hostiles. When the "Rogue River war" broke out the hardy pioneers of the state came forward with a determination to put a finishing blow to the Indian troubles. Companies of volunteers were organized. Capt. Williams was chosen over Judge Mosher as the commanding officer of a company, so great was his popularity at the time. He was always at his post of duty, and ever ready to do deeds of daring. There was not one of his acquaintance but held Capt. Williams in the highest esteem. The value of his services to Oregon in subduing the savages cannot be appreciated too highly. He is known to have been an honorable man. He fought through the "Rogue River war" with great distinction, winning the reputation of a brave and courageous man. The cloud which some of the envious cast over his character passed away leaving him honored by all who knew him. Many people are today in Roseburg who remember Capt. Williams, and that memory has treasured his manly qualities. He left Oregon some years ago and is now living in Utah. Capt. Williams, like the other pioneers of Oregon, has made a record which the future historian will weave into an enchanting narrative. At present the data is so meager that the writer is limited to a few facts.
ROSEBURG, Ore.
Oskaloosa Sickle, Oskaloosa, Kansas, May 31, 1879


    We publish below, for the benefit of the survivors of the Indian wars of 1855-56, an epitome of names of captains of companies, with official letters, also other data of the 2nd Regt. of O.M. Volunteers, taken from Walling’s History of Oregon, which will no doubt be useful in the future as a reference. The first date in each paragraph gives time of mustering in, and the last the date of discharge.
    A.--Joe Bailey--Oct. 23, 1955. Feb. 6, 1856.
    D.--E. A. Rice--Nov. 10, 1855. May 15, 1856.
    E.--R. L. Williams--Nov. 10, 1855. Feb. 1, 1856. Williams was elected colonel of 2nd Regt. Dec. 7, 1855; resigned Mar. 8, 1856.
    F.--W. A. Wilkinson--Nov. 10, 1855. Feb. 10, 1856.
    F.--Same captain, re-enlisted company. Feb. 11, 1856. May 26, 1856.
    G.--Miles T. Alcorn--Feb. 6, 1856. May 25, 1856.
    H.--Saml. Gordon--Nov. 25, 1855. Feb. 10, 1856.
    I.--W. W. Chapman--Nov. 22, 1855. Jan. 18, 1856.
    I.--Same captain, re-enlisted company. Jan. 18, 1856. May 14, 1856. W. H. Crouch became captain of the company March 8, 1856, when Chapman was elected lieut. colonel of the 2nd Regt.
    A.--First recruited battalion. Edward Sheffield--Feb. 8, 1856. May 20, 1856.
    B.--First recruited battalion. Abel George--Feb. 1856. June 18, 1856.
    C.--First recruited battalion. Mike Bushey--Feb. 19, 1856. May 21, 1856.
    D.--First recruited battalion. M. M. Williams--Feb. 27, 1856. May 26, 1856.
    A.--Second recruited battalion. W. H. Latshaw--Feb. 13, 1856. June 19, 1856. J. M. Wallons became captain of this company March 19, 1856.
    B.--Second recruited battalion. John Kelsay--Feb. 18, 1856. June 21, 1856. When Kelsay was elected colonel of the regiment W. J. Robertson became captain, Mar. 19, 1856.
    C.--Second recruited battalion. D. W. Keith--March 29, 1856. July 3, 1856.
    E.--Northern battalion. P. Nolan--June 28, 1856.
    L.--Ninth militia company. Abel George--Oct. 18, 1855. Nov. 21, 1855.
    The following named captains commanded companies in the 9th regiment of militia, viz: K, Saml. Frye ; G, Miles T. Alcorn; D, Robt. L. Williams; C, Jacob Rinearson; all under Col. John Ross. Adjutant, Chas. 8S. Drew. Captain John Kelsay was elected colonel of the 2nd regiment March 18, 1856, and Captain W. W. Chapman was elected lieut. colonel the same date. He succeeded Lieut. Colonel W. J. Martin. James Bruce was major of the 2nd regiment. All staff officers served to the close of the war in July, 1856.
The Plaindealer, Roseburg, March 12, 1896, page 1


Robert Loney Williams died May 19, 1899 and is buried in Mesa, Arizona. His death went unnoticed by the Mesa Free Press in 1899, but it printed his estate notice in October of that year.


    ROBERT LOONEY WILLIAMS, blacksmith in Arizona, captain and colonel 2nd Oregon Mounted Volunteers, Indian War, 1854-1855 [sic], said also to have been colonel of a California regiment in 1849 against Indians; b. Cumberland County, Ky., June 18, 1825, d. in Ariz. May 19, 1899, m. Hannah Amanda Harman, dau. Martin H. and Thankful Tanner--six children.
Robert Bell Woodworth, The Descendants of Robert and John Poage, 1954, page 608  The book lists Bob's children and grandchildren.


HANNAH AMANDA HARMON born March 18, 1852 Stafford, Genesee, NY and died May 10, 1928 Mesa, Maricopa, AZ; buried there; married 1st February 21, 1870 in SLC UT; married 2nd November 18, 1880 in United Order, Piute, Robert Loney Williams
Unidentified genealogy, studylib.net


    APPLIES FOR LETTERS.--Application was made in probate court yesterday for letters of administration on the estate of Robert L. Williams, late of Lehi. The estate consists of 120 acres of land and personal property, altogether valued at $600. The applicant is the widow.
Arizona Republic, Phoenix, September 8, 1899, page 5


    I imagine I can hear the protests of such men as "Uncle" Joe Scott, our old mountaineer and plainsman, who led the party after the Indians that murdered the two packers and run off their mules, etc., on the trail between Waldo and Happy Camp in '55, Bob Williams, a noted scout and Indian fighter, who killed Jack Driscoll in an altercation at Althouse [sic] and a "quick" man with a gun.
J. C. Weston, "Don't Change the Names," Rogue River Courier, Grants Pass, February 5, 1909, page 7