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 Benjamin Franklin Dowell See also his diary.  A. G. Walling, History of Southern Oregon, 1884, page 525-526 HON. B. F. DOWELL.--Benjamin Franklin Dowell was born in Albemarle County, Virginia, on the 31st day of October, 1826. He was named for an uncle of his grandmother on his father's side. She was a daughter of John Franklin and a niece of Benjamin Franklin, the statesman and philosopher. Mr. Dowell's father and mother were natives of Virginia, and were born and brought up within one mile of each other. His mother's maiden name was Fannie Dalton, a woman of rare culture and refinement. The Dowells were originally from England; the Daltons were from the Scottish Highlands. As a child, Mr. Dowell removed with his parents to Shelby County, Tennessee, where he attended the Male Academy and acquired a liberal education. After having concluded his academic studies, he returned to Virginia and entered the state university, where he graduated in law in 1847, before he was twenty-one years old, with distinguished honors. He returned to Tennessee and began the practice of his profession at Raleigh and at Memphis. An extensive and lucrative practice soon engaged his whole attention; but the fame of the newly discovered gold fields of the Pacific caused him to desert the bar for a time to try his fortune in the mines. In the spring of 1850, he formed a copartnership with three other young men and started from St. Joseph, Missouri, whither he had gone by water, for California. He arrived in Sacramento on the 20th of the following September. Here he had a second attack of cholera, the malady of which so many died on the plains that year. When he had partially recovered, his physicians advised him to go North; and on the 5th of October he started from San Francisco for Portland, taking passage on a small schooner. At the mouth of the Columbia the vessel encountered a terrible storm and was driven back to sea, dismasted and almost helpless. It was not until the thirty-fifth day after leaving San Francisco that a safe landing was made at Astoria. Mr. Dowell did not remain long in the Willamette Valley, and in 1852 we find him engaged in packing and trading in Southern Oregon. He pursued the business until 1856, and was very successful. In 1857 he again engaged in law practice, in Jacksonville, and soon obtained a very extensive business. When the Oregon Indian wars broke out in 1853, 1854 and 1856, Mr. Dowell was engaged in merchandising with a pack train from the Willamette Valley, Scottsburg and Crescent City to the mines in Jacksonville, Oregon, and Yreka, California. He voluntarily hired himself and all his animals to the quartermaster as long as they were needed. Mr. Bancroft, in his Oregon history, says "He was the first in the war and the last to come out." During these wars he took some desperate chances. He frequently carried the express in the most dangerous places. In 1853 a party of twenty soldiers was detailed to find the camp of the Indians. The detachment was under the command of Lieutenant Ely. Mr. Dowell being in the quartermaster's department, it was no part of his duty to fight; but he volunteered to accompany the detachment. They found the Indians on Evans Creek near the Meadows, and returned down the creek about five miles where there was good grass, wood and water, and commenced cooking and eating breakfast. The lieutenant being young and inexperienced in the Indian sagacity and fighting, put out no guard. So the Indians completely surprised the detachment; and at the first fire about one-fourth of the men were killed, and as many more wounded. The Indians also captured all the horses of the volunteers but one, which was staked near the camp. The owner of this animal mounted him and made for headquarters, which was near Stuart Creek, a distance of about thirty-five miles. [It was closer to twenty.] The balance of the company fled to the timber close by, and took shelter among the trees and fought Chiefs Sam's, Jim's and Joe's whole band of five hundred Indians from early in the morning until late in the evening, when they were rescued by the volunteers from headquarters. During the fight, General Crosby sang out at the top of his voice, "Jordan am a hard road to trabel, I belief." He had a repeating breech-loading rifle which he fired in double-quick time. The others had good rifles; and each had a good Colt's revolver. So by hugging the trees, and using these pistols frequently, the Indians were kept at a distance; and but few of the whites were killed after they reached the timber. That was the hardest battle ever fought on the Pacific Coast. Mr. Dowell has often told his friends that that was the most fearful and longest day of his life. Yet in December, 1855, he was in Colonel Kelly's four days' fight on the Walla Walla River. Mr. St. Clair, Chief Factor of the Hudson's Bay Company, had two four-pound howitzers which he cached with some ammunition in Walla Walla near the fort. The volunteers fished them out a few days before the battle. Major Chinn and Captain Wilson took charge of one and Mr. Dowell of the other. The second day Captain Wilson overloaded one, and it burst. Mr. Dowell invented a carriage so as to shoot off of a mule's back, and mounted it on an aparejo or leather pack saddle, and laced it on the back of one of his finest mules. He, with the assistance of one of the packers, would load in a ravine and then charge up close to the Indians, wheel the mule around and fire the cannon off of the top of the mule's back. At first it knocked the mule down on his knees, but he soon learned to brace himself so as not to fall. This was the biggest gun these Indians ever saw. Perhaps the most accurate and full description of the battle and death of the Chief Peu-peu-mox-mox and his comrades in the battle of Walla Walla that ever has been or ever will be written is found in a letter from Mr. Dowell to his brother. It is true history, and is a sample of Mr. Dowell's forcible style of writing. We here insert the following extract: "On the fifteenth of October I was employed by the quartermaster as packmaster at six dollars per day for my services, and three dollars per day for my pack mules, to transport supplies for the use of the First Regiment of Oregon Volunteers; and I have been in active service ever since. I have made one march through the Yakima country with Colonel Nesmith, and saw one little battle while with his command near the Yakima River. After we returned to The Dalles, I was ordered to accompany Colonel Kelly and his command to the Walla Walla Valley. On the fifth instant, Peu-peu-mox-mox or Yellow Serpent, the head chief of the Walla Walla Indians, met Lieutenant Colonel Kelly near the Touchet, near its confluence with the Walla Walla River, like the Prophet met General Harrison before the battle of Tippecanoe, with pretended friendship, and about dusk tried to get the whole command to enter and camp on a deep cañon, which was lined with thick underbrush, rocks, logs, and served as an ambuscade for a large force of hostile Indians--a complete natural fortification--and an excellent place for the enemy to cripple Colonel Kelly and his whole force of three hundred and thirty-nine men. The Indians were seen and their plot discovered by the Indian agent, Nathan Olney, and by Colonel Kelly. Peu-peu-mox-mox and five of his treacherous comrades were taken prisoners, and Colonel Kelly and his command camped in the opposite direction from the cañon. "The next day the command returned to the crossing of the Touchet close to its confluence with the Walla Walla River. The next morning the hills in front of our camp were literally lined with the enemy. A general engagement soon followed. Both the whites and Indians were well mounted, and those that had the best horses did the fastest running. The advance of the enemy soon fled up the Walla Walla towards their camp and the old Waiilatpu Mission. About two miles below this, they made a desperate stand, and our advanced companies, being harassed by a crossfire, were compelled to fall back to the main command. The transportation trains, under my charge, and the Indian prisoners under a guard of twelve men, were close up with the command in the midst of the battle, and, soon after the Indians shouted over the retreat of our advance, one of the prisoners drew a knife and stabbed one of the guards. Four more of them refused to be tied, and seized the gun of the guard, and in half a minute the whole five were shot down. The other prisoner, a young Nez Perce, made no resistance, and he still lives to tell the tale. Peu-peu-mox-mox said he would rather die than be tied, and he fought like a tiger to the last." Thus fell one of the richest, shrewdest, proudest and most haughty chiefs that ever "danced over a white man's scalp west of the Rocky Mountains." Strict integrity and untiring persistence in what he conceives to be his line of duty are characteristics for which Mr. Dowell is noted, and, though past life's meridian, he is still vigorous in mind and bids fair to survive many years to serve the public and retrieve pecuniary losses which he has sustained by trusting others who have proved unworthy of his generous confidence. In the practice of his profession he had no superior in Southern Oregon. He only lost three suits in which he advised the commencement in thirty years. Mr. Dowell was brought up a Whig, and he has been frequently heard to say: "I never voted but one mean vote in my life; that was for Breckinridge and Lane in 1860." This he said he did conscientiously, with the hope to keep peace between the North and South. He was an owner of slaves at the commencement of the war, but when the conflict began he looked upon the South as a spoiled child, and declared that they deserved a good whipping. He believed that the Union should not be dissolved. He delighted in his profession, and he never pressed himself forward for office. He was several times nominated for and elected to small offices, but he resigned them and never held any office, except district judge in Tennessee, by appointment of the governor, and prosecuting attorney of the first judicial district of Oregon, and as district attorney of the United States for a short time, and in a few special cases. He has strong convictions on all political issues, and as a writer uses strong language to express them. He denounced the Rebellion in the strongest language. In 1865 he bought the Oregon Sentinel to keep it from falling into the hands of the Democrats. He was the owner of it for nearly fourteen years. But he continued the practice of his profession and hired editors and printers to run the paper. He scarcely ever wrote for it when at home. But a part of the time he was in Washington City, and during that time his letters published in the Sentinel were strong, able and to the point. This made him warm Republican friends and bitter Democratic enemies. He was the first man to hoist the name of General Grant for President west of the Rocky Mountains, and first to advise the nomination and election of President Harrison. His letter on this subject was published in the Gold Beach Gazette in 1887. In 1861 he was married to Miss Anna Campbell. They now have a family of three children, two daughters and one son. The elder daughter, Fanny, is now the wife of G. M. Love. Annie E. studied law, and is a better lawyer than many of the male members of the profession. The son, B. F., Jr., gives promise of being one of the foremost men of the state. Mr. Dowell and his family resided in Jacksonville from 1852 to 1885, when they moved to Portland and have since made that city their home. History of the Pacific Northwest: Oregon and Washington, vol. II, 1889, pages 305-307 It is related that the winter of 1852 was the most severe one that Southern Oregon had ever experienced since the white men settled there. The mountains of California were blockaded with snow so as to prevent travel between Oregon and the mines of California. The people of Jacksonville were wholly dependent upon the supplies brought from the Willamette or Scottsburg. An unexpected storm having arisen, and there being no means to afford them relief, their provisions were entirely inadequate for their support. Snow fell at Jacksonville to the depth of three feet and lay upon the ground for more than four weeks. After the snow disappeared, high water proved an obstacle to travel. During this time the citizens and miners suffered severely. The supply of flour was exhausted, and most of the population were compelled to live on "beans straight" for a long period of time. The old settlers will remember that the first relief was furnished by B. F. Dowell, who brought to Jacksonville a pack train loaded with flour and other provisions and who, by his indomitable courage and perseverance, surmounted obstacles that few would have had the hardihood and courage to undertake. In the vicinity of Jacksonville this storm was much more severe than in the other surrounding sections of Southern Oregon. It is well remembered, even to this day, by those early settlers who were living in this section of the state at that time." E. P. D'Arcy, "He Talked to Pioneers," Oregon Statesman, Salem, September 9, 1900, page 5 . . . the learned counsel [B. F. Dowell] for claimant, to whose character and "valuable and faithful services" this court has judicially attested in an opinion rendered in the case of John W. Redfield (Ind. Dep., No. 284), has given a deposition which bristles with facts and expressions absolutely incompatible with anything but war and military hostilities. Commencing on page 4 of the record in the case of Elizabeth Ross, administratrix of John E. Ross, deceased (Ind. 25 Dep. No. 1420), which by agreement of counsel is also to be considered as evidence in this case so far as applicable, he testifies as follows:
Question.
State where you were during the Rogue River Indian war of 1853; and
when did it commence and when did it end?
Upon cross-examination the same witness testifies as follows:Answer. When the war first commenced I was on the way between Applegate Creek and Jacksonville, Oregon. A man by the name of Edwards was killed on the 2nd of August, and a man by the name of Noland was killed on either the 3rd or 4th. Between Applegate Creek and Jacksonville on the mountain I met a band of miners going after the murderers of Noland. I went on to town, and that night there was a big meeting of the people, miners and farmers, in the valley. They declared war to exist between the Indians and whites, and on the fifth they commenced killing the Indians all over the valley to drive them out. I always considered that the war commenced on the 5th, though they may put it on the 2nd or 3rd. The last battle was fought on the 24th of August, 1853, and a treaty was made with the Rogue River tribe of Indians on September 10, 1853. (P. 4, claimant's evidence.) Question. Have you anything further to state as to the subject matter of this case at issue? Answer. I can state this: I know Col. Ross had a large band of cattle, and some of them were very fine. How much he lost I do not know except from hearsay. I saw signs of Indians frequently in the valley. I saw some houses that were burned, but I did not see the Indians do it. I saw them fight on the 24th of August, [1853], on Evans Creek. A little while before that I was in what was called Ely's battle on Evans Creek. There were twenty-two of us on behalf of the United States, and the whole band of Indians was in the vicinity. How many were in the battle I do not know, but half of the United States volunteers were killed or wounded. In the other battle there Gen. Lane and Capt. Alden were both wounded. The depredation involved in this proceeding was, as I am informed, committed in August, 1853. (P. 7, claimant's evidence.)
Question. You described in your examination in chief the Indian war of
1853. What do you mean by "Indian war"?
L.
W. Colby, Assistant Attorney General, "Brief and Argument of Counsel
for the Defense," Edward B. Myer, Administrator of the Defense of John
Anderson, Deceased, vs. The United States and the Rogue River Tribe of
Indians No. 964, circa 1891, pages 24-26[Answer.] I mean where there is a large band of Indians fighting. Question. Do you mean that the Rogue River Indian tribe was at war with the white people of Oregon? Answer. I do. Question. In your examination in chief you describe the war of 1855 and 1856. Please state more definitely what yon mean? Answer. I mean the Rogue River Indians, the Shasta Indians; the Seneca [sic] Indians, the Cow Creek Indians, and Grave Creek Indians in Southern Oregon; in Northern Oregon and Southern Washington there were the Walla Walla Indians, the Yakima Indians, the Cayuse Indians, and the Poloosi [Palouse] Indians were all at war. I saw them all fighting. I was in the battle of Walla Walla four days. . . . (P. 8, claimant's evidence.) NEW TERRITORY.--A resolution was introduced today in the House of the Legislative Assembly, requesting our Delegate in Congress to use his influence to form a new Territory out of Southern Oregon and Northern California. Every member south of the Calapooya Mountain voted for the resolution, and every one north of this mountain against it. So the resolution was lost, there being only five members south of the proposed northern boundary line of our new Territory. The northern portion of Oregon seems determined to hold on to the south, and compel her to pay taxes without an equal representation. Mr. Jackson, from Clackamas County, then introduced a resolution requesting our Delegate to use his influence to prevent the formation of a itory, which passed by a large majority; however, every member south of the Calapooya Mountain voted against it. This vote will be an advantage to the friends of the itory, as it shows that the whole southern delegation are united, and determined to have a itory. The votes of the members north of the Calapooya Mountain, during the whole session, have been oppressive to the south, and well calculated to compel the people to form a itory, and set up for themselves. Mr. Martin from Douglas County introduced a bill sometime last week, locating the University of Oregon at Winchester. This bill was summarily laid on the table. Soon afterwards, a bill was introduced in the Council, moving the whole of the public buildings farther south, locating the Penitentiary at Oregon City, the Capitol at Corvallis, late Marysville, and the University at Winchester, for the purpose of doing the southern part of Oregon ample justice in the distribution of the public buildings. But this bill was too just and equitable to pass this august and selfish body. So it was indefinitely postponed yesterday, which gives it a quietus this session. Southern Oregon has now nothing to expect from the Legislative Assembly of Oregon, and a division is inevitable. Southern Oregon has more than one-third of the population of the Territory, yet she has only five members in the House out of twenty-six, and only one member in the Council out of nine. As five is to twenty-six, or one to nine, so are the rights, privileges and interests of Southern Oregon respected in this Legislative Assembly. She will pay one-third of the taxes of the Territory, yet she is denied the location of the University, notwithstanding not a dollar has yet been expended at Corvallis. What then has she to expect from the Territorial Legislature? Nothing. But we have one consolation left. We can and will have a itory, without their assistance. Northern California and Southern Oregon have the resources within themselves to make a large, respectable and wealthy state. The proposed itory has fertile valleys, rich mines and good harbors that is equal to any on the Pacific Coast, and she has at this time population enough to support a respectable state government. The sooner a itory is formed, the sooner Northern California and Southern Oregon will become a prosperous, wealthy and happy state of the American Union. I have the honor to remain, yours respectfully, B.F.D. [B. F. Dowell?]
"Late and Interesting from Oregon," San Francisco Evening Journal, February 21, 1854, page 2--[Cor. Yreka Her.
In
the last Oregonian
I notice a letter from B.
F. Dowell, commonly known in the southern
country as "collar-mouthed Dowell" (horse collar) or the "man with the
cracked voice." It is said that Dowell ruined his voice in the winter
of 1852-53 while he was crying, four for sale at a dollar and a quarter per
lb. During those memorable starvation times, Dowell arrived in
Jacksonville with a load of flour, and commenced to sell it out at
fifty cts. per lb., but soon increased his extortionate demands until
he
raised it up as high as a dollar and [a] quarter, when he broke down;
his voice failed him, and he has not recovered it to this day.
William J. Martin, "The 'Expedition to Fight the
Emigrants,'"Umpqua Gazette,
Scottsburg, August 9, 1855, page 2For
the Oregonian.
Umpqua County, O.T.
Mr. Editor: My attention was called by a
friend, this morning, to a communication published in the Statesman, June
2nd, 1855, from Wm. J. Martin, dated "Deer Creek, May 20th, 1855,"
charging me with a Whig fraud, and being in partnership with Ben. Drew,
and C. S. Drew,
quartermaster, and
thereby making the "nice little sum of twenty-eight thousand dollars,
clear of all expense," that we got up a report to Gov. Davis that the
Indians on the southern immigrant road had banded themselves together
for the purpose of plundering the immigrants, and he says he obtained
this information "from the lips of Dowell, himself." This communication
contains a tissue of falsehoods from beginning to end. I never was in
partnership with either of the Drews, in any transaction whatever, in
my life; much less with them did we make the nice little sum of
twenty-eight thousand dollars. Nor did I get up any report, nor assist
in getting up any report whatever to Gov. Davis--nor yet did Wm. J.
Martin get any such information from my lips. He is indebted for the
information to one of his Democratic friends, who wrote the letter in
question, which he signed and sent to the Statesman for
publication. Perhaps Captain Martin was so excited, or deranged, at the
great bugbear about the number of Know-Nothings in Northern Oregon, and
the possibility of Lane's defeat, that he is not responsible for the
contents of this communication. At most, he only fathered the bastard
child of another, and baptized the little contemptible thing Martin,
and sent the spurious issue forth to the world as one of the greatest
of the little Martins.June 13th, 1855. Towards the close of this letter the author plainly shows his object, in these words: "These three men are Whigs, and are all supporting Gaines." The object was to make votes for Lane, beyond the possibility of a doubt. If we had all been supporting Lane no one would have heard of a Whig or a Democratic fraud, on the eve of the election. This line, however, contains more truth in it than any other part of the communication, for two of us did vote for Gaines, but Ben. Drew did not take any part in the canvass whatever, and did not even vote at the election. Here I might close this epistle, but for the information of Capt. Martin and all others who feel an interest in the welfare of the citizens of Oregon, and particularly those who volunteered last year to protect the immigration on the southern Oregon emigrant road, I will briefly state the facts as they actually existed. It is well known to many of the old citizens that the Indians on this route have been very hostile for years, that they plundered--stole stock and robbed the first immigration that passed this road in 1846, and even at that early day they brutally murdered a sick, weak and helpless immigrant, who was unable to keep up with the immigrant train, and that these same Indians, in 1852, massacred indiscriminately thirty-two white persons without regard to age, sex or condition; old gray-headed fathers and mothers and their helpless little children all shared the same fate. On the 4th of July, 1854, three or four horses were stolen by the Indians at the forks of the emigrant and Yreka road, within the settlements of Rogue River Valley, and one man had been shot dead in that vicinity only a few days before. Reliable information about this time reached Yreka and Jacksonville that the Indians were collecting in large bodies on the emigrant road, near Lost River. Under these circumstances Col. Ross, a commissioned military officer of the Territory, and Gen. Drew, who was at that time one of Gov. Davis' staff, and three or four more political friends of Gov. Davis--and some of them occupying high stations in the Democratic ranks--wrote to Gov. Davis and urged upon him the necessity of calling out a volunteer force to protect the immigration which was at that time on the road to Southern Oregon and Northern California. Gov. Davis promptly responded to their communications, and on the 17th July, 1854, issued orders to Col. Ross (if he deemed necessary) to call out a volunteer force, and in that event for Gen. Drew, as quartermaster, to arm and equip the command. The company was soon organized. Many good and patriotic men furnished supplies of various kinds. I hired my pack animals, and Ben. Drew hired his, to the quartermaster to pack the supplies for the command. So, during the Rogue River War of 1853 I hired my pack train, and John A. Miller hired his to pack the supplies for the soldiers during the war, at $4 per day for each animal. These contracts were first made with the commissioners of military affairs--three of whom are Democrats and only one a Whig. I afterwards wrote out a contract and Captain Allen, a commissioned officer of the U.S. army, signed it, as captain of the regular army and colonel commanding the volunteers in Southern Oregon, and that Secretary of War has since decided that each soldier having even a Cayuse horse shall have $4 per day for the use of his horse. Therefore, if I have been guilty of a fraud, so have the Democratic commissioners, Secretary of War, and every man that had a horse or mule in the service during the Rogue River war been guilty of the same fraud. The only difference is I reduced the promises of the officers of the government to writing and compelled Col. Alden to acknowledge the price before an enlightened, generous and good government, that will pay the soldiers the same price. Again: I have several times made upwards of $4 per day for each pack animal, packing provisions for the miners in Southern Oregon and Northern California, and horses were at the time, and have at divers other times, been hired at Yreka and Jacksonville at from $4 to $6 per day to individuals, for cash. Then, certainly, there can be no good reason why the government should not pay as much for animals on a long credit as individuals, at the same place, pay in cash. During the war of 1853-4, the officers considered it a favor to get animals and supplies. I freely furnished everything I could during both wars, at the same prices that everyone else did, and not a cent higher, and I even furnished cash to buy the medicines for the whole command while on the plains. The inevitable conclusion, therefore, is that if it is the duty of the general government to protect her citizens, and if furnishing animals, provisions and cash, at the urgent request of the officers of the government, be a fraud or a sin, then am I "the chief of sinners," but if they were necessary for the protection of the lives and property of American citizens, don't accuse me of a fraud, nor of "gouging," or trying to pick Uncle Sam's pocket. He is the richest uncle we have in the world, and I have believed and still believe he will pay his poor nephews who furnished supplies, and all those who volunteered to protect the immigrants and gallantly fought to protect the immigrants and gallantly fought the Piute and Modoc Indians in 1854. Yours
&c.
B. F. DOWELL.
Mr. Bush: In justice to me, I hope you
will publish the above.B.F.D.
Oregonian,
Portland, June 30, 1855, page 2(From
the Oregon Statesman.)
The "Expedition to Fight the Emigrants." DEER
CREEK, DOUGLAS CO.,
July 5, 1855.
A. Bush, Esq.--Dear Sir:
In the
last Oregonian
I notice a letter from B. F. Dowell, commonly known in the southern
country as "collar-mouthed Dowell" (horse collar) or the "man with the
cracked voice." It is said that Dowell ruined his voice in the winter
of 1852-53 while he was crying, four for sale at a dollar and a quarter per
lb. During those memorable starvation times, Dowell arrived in
Jacksonville with a load of flour, and commenced to sell it out at
fifty cts. per lb., but soon increased his extortionate demands until
he
raised it up as high as a dollar and [a] quarter, when he broke down;
his voice failed him, and he has not recovered it to this day.
In the recent political canvass, Dowell stated in a speech in Jacksonville that the "time had been when a Whig daren't open his mouth in this Territory," which was true so far as he was concerned, for until he became sanguine of the Know Nothings and the election of Gaines, he was professedly neutral in politics, but like many other neutrals, he claimed to be as good a Democrat as could be found in Oregon. Last summer when Chas. S. Drew, then Quartermaster General of the Oregon Militia, was organizing his expedition to "fight the emigrants" on the southern road, Dowell was among the first to invest in that infamous speculation. It is now generally conceded that this expedition was unnecessary and wholly uncalled for--no hostility existed on the southern route--indeed the whole affair was gotten up for the purpose of speculating off the general government. The greater portion of the forage, transportation, provisions, hospital and ordnance stores &c. for the expedition were furnished either by the quartermaster himself or some of his partners in business, or relations. Indeed, the report of Gen. Drew shows that he has allowed the claim of his brother, B. J. Drew, for the use of pack mules in that service, amounting to the enormous sum of $9,876! No more than thirty pack mules belonging to B. J. Drew were ever in the service at any one time, and consequently the claim amounts to more than $250 per animal. Again, Drew claims and is allowed $2,360 for flour furnished for that service at the low rate of forty cents per lb., while 75 cts. is allowed for coffee, and the same for bacon; 50 cts. per lb. is charged and allowed for sugar and salt. Yet Chas. S. Drew, quartermaster, "certifies that all these articles were purchased at the lowest market price, and that he was in no way interested in the purchase." Messrs. Pearson and Hunter, supposed partners of the quartermaster, have also large claims of a similar character. It appears that Mr. Pearson was paid and is allowed $50 per month for rent for four months of office for the quartermaster, while it is well known in Jacksonville that C. S. Drew kept his office in his own house, and that Pearson owned no interest in the house unless by virtue of his copartnership with Drew. Mr. Hunter, another partner in this enterprising firm of Drew, Dowell & Co., is allowed $3 per lb. for powder, 50 cts. per lb. for lead; 75 cts. for shot; $10 per thousand for percussion caps &c. Dr. Cleaveland, late of the council and as a member of which body he voted for the resolution asking Gen. Lane to get an appropriation to pay these bills, another personal and political friend of the distinguished Gen. Drew, is allowed $20 per oz. for quinine, also $2 per oz. for cubebs, copaiba and paregoric; charges for other hospital stores furnished by Dr. Cleaveland are of a similar character. Among the rest, $8 per gallon is allowed for brandy. The miscellaneous items of the expenses of this service include many very singular and interesting stores for a campaign in the mountains--$12 per ream is charged for foolscap paper; $4 per bottle for ink; large amounts are allowed for soap, candles and other extras. Perhaps Dowell's bill is a fair specimen of the rest, and for the edification of the good Democrats who read the Statesman, and believe in the economical administration of the government, we will subjoin Dowell's account against the United States in full. Comment is unnecessary when we consider that Quartermaster General Drew has certified that all these extravagant demands are just--that the articles furnished were purchased at the lowest market price, and that he is in no way interested in the purchase. B. F. DOWELL'S
ACCOUNT:
WM. J. MARTIN.
The Statesman
editor comments as follows upon the above
communication:In the letter of Capt. Martin, which we publish today, and to the astounding disclosures of which we invite the attention of the public, and the authorities at Washington, will be found the bill of Mr. Dowell, on account of the "expedition to fight the emigrants." The items of this bill, as given, are correct, for we have caused them to be compared with the bills on file in the Governor's office, made out and certified by C. S. Drew, late Quartermaster General. The other bills on file there, on account of this scheme to "fight the emigrants" and plunder Uncle Sam, are of the same character, exorbitant beyond degree or parallel. We subjoin a few items which we have copied ourself from the report of the late Quartermaster General Drew. We copy from the medicine bills:
Umpqua Gazette, Scottsburg, August 9, 1855, page 2 Martin's letter above was printed in the Statesman of July 21, 1855, on page 2 Territory of Oregon ) Jackson County ) C. S. Drew, late quartermaster of the O.T. Militia, makes oath that he never was a partner of B. F. Dowell in any transaction whatever. C. S. Drew
Sworn to and subscribedbefore me Sept. 28th 1855. S. H. Taylor
Oregon
Indian Wars vol. 3, B.
F. Dowell papers Ax031,
University of Oregon Special CollectionsNotary Public, Jackson County, O.T. Territory of Oregon ) Jackson County ) Ben. J. Drew makes oath that he never was a partner of B. F. Dowell in any transaction in his life. B. J. Drew
Sworn to and subscribedbefore me Oct. 1st 1855. S. H. Taylor
Oregon
Indian Wars vol. 3, B.
F. Dowell papers Ax031,
University of Oregon Special CollectionsNotary Public Jackson County, O.T. Territory of Oregon ) Jackson County ) B. F. Dowell makes oath that he never was a partner of C. S. Drew, Ben Drew, Hunter or Pearson in any transaction whatever in his life, and that he never gave Wm. J. Martin any such information; that the statements published over the name of the said Martin in the Oregon Statesman to that effect is wholly false and untrue. B. F. Dowell
Sworn to and subscribedbefore me Sept. 28th 1855. S. H. Taylor
Oregon
Indian Wars vol. 3, B.
F. Dowell papers Ax031,
University of Oregon Special CollectionsNotary Public, Jackson County, O.T. Rogue River Correspondence of the
Statesman.
Jacksonville, Sept.
22nd, 1855.
Mr. Editor.--Naturalists give us an
account of a
molluscous animal called the cuttlefish. He sustains himself by preying
upon other fish, and has a small bladder near the mouth, from which,
when pursued, he emits an inky fluid that darkens the water around him,
and thus enables him to escape. In many of his peculiar traits, and
especially the latter, this little bandit of the waters is the type of
a class of men not unfrequently met with. The thief who breaks from his
captors, artfully mingles with the crowd in pursuit, and takes up the
hue and cry of stop thief, darkens
the waters that
he may escape. The ingenious pettifogger who in defense of a bad cause,
misleads the witnesses, confounds the testimony and mystifies the minds
of the jury, darkens
the waters
that the guilty may escape. And to illustrate by the circumstances that
have suggested this cuttlefish to my mind, when it became a matter of
public notoriety that the firm of Dowell & Drew had spread their
nets for a haul upon the United States Treasury by means of the now
celebrated "expedition to fight the emigrants," straightaway these
worthies commence to distort the public mind from the subject, and to darken the waters with
their ink
"bladder," in the columns of the Oregonian,
over
the pompous signature of "Clarendon,"
from the rural shades of "Forest
Dale, Jackson County." About the paternity of this modern "Clarendon"
there can be as little doubt as that of Chancellor
Hyde
who first gave the name literary celebrity. They are all stamped with
the device of the Dowell & Drew mint. From end to end they teem
with wars and rumors of wars (but particularly the rumors). Besides,
the most casual observer cannot fail to see at a glance that they are a
mere rehash of the late Qr. Mas. Gen'l.'s report of his late military
operations on the southern emigrant trail, in the fall of 1854, and
allowing for the difference in quantity, they contain more pure unmixed
fiction than even that celebrated document, and an equal amount of
pathos, bathos and hifalutin.For instance, take the communication of the 11th of Aug. By a necessary implication it conveys, and was intended to convey, a false impression in the very first paragraph, in asserting that there had been a "resumption of Indian hostilities in this vicinity," that is, in the vicinity of "Forest Dale, Jackson County." Not a word of truth in it, although sometime prior there had been a fight in California, some sixty or seventy miles from the peaceful shadows of "Forest Dale." Yet a stranger in reading this politico-military dispatch might very reasonably conclude that "Forest Dale" was at that time besieged by the Indians, that Dowell was preparing the match to fire the magazine, as a last resort rather than surrender, while Drew in the true heroic style, stripped to the cuff [sic], and begrimed with powder, was indicting this dispatch upon a drumhead. All these letters are full of insinuations, utterly unfounded, against Capt. Smith, the commander at Fort Lane, and Dr. Ambrose, the Indian agent. It is probable that if Capt. Smith had have sanctioned this speculating "expedition to fight the emigrants," as Drew desired him to do, his name would not occur so frequently, but particularly if he had not reported to Genl. Wool that the whole thing was unnecessary, and got up for speculation. How an honest man and a faithful officer could have said anything else about it, I don't see, but at all events this accounts "for the milk in the coconut." From personal knowledge I affirm that Capt. Smith and Dr. Ambrose acted correctly in the matter of the Applegate Indians upon the reserve, who were demanded by the volunteers from California. The volunteers themselves, or those who spoke for them, expressed the opinion, and I don't think "Clarendon" can induce them to come back and retry the experiment, "of apprehending and punishing certain Indians upon the reserve," of their own will and pleasure without law or evidence. Nearly every citizen in Rogue River Valley who has a home and a permanent interest in the country approved of their action, and were at the time ready to back it by force if necessary. Opposed to these might be found--and there always will be--a few enterprising spirits "dead broke" and too lazy to work, whose voices are always for war (though not for fight), because in the confusion incident to such a state of things they have a license to go gypsying round the country, upon Cayuse ponies, plundering honest men for a living. Again, "Clarendon" complains of "the emissaries of a partisan press," that "they have misled the public mind by denouncing men as traitors, cutthroats, swindlers &c. who have used every endeavor to promote the public good, and have spent their fortunes, however small they might be, in the service of their country." Now be it known that these generous souls who have so suffered and died for their country, and have been so abused by "the emissaries of a partisan press" are merely the firm of Dowell & Drew. They have omitted the fact, and for fear a grateful public might never discover their benefactors, I mention it. But, gentlemen, your sufferings are not real. Your imaginations are distracted. These "emissaries" never called either of you "traitors." If you are traitors they have not said it, nor do they think it. They never called you "cutthroats"--the very idea is preposterous. You are both as harmless as sucking doves. Nor do I think they ever called you "swindlers." The name sounds harsh and ugly, and the politeness of the present age delights to describe such speculations as yours by the historic names of Galphinism and Gardnerism. But in this way you seek to get up false issues, to keep the public mind upon the wrong scent, and to darken the waters so that your real iniquities may escape the public eye. To speak of men's private fortune, or the manner in which they use it, is not the proper subject of a newspaper correspondence. But when the subject is lugged before the public with such barefaced impudence as in this last paragraph it becomes a different matter. Before the firm of Dowell & Drew can ask the credit of having "spent a fortune in the service of their country," we would like to know how and when they done it. If Drew ever "spent a fortune" it was in fast living--drinks not excepted--and not "in the service of his country." But if he did it would have been in quite as good taste to have been just before he was generous--to have spent it in repaying those poor fellows from whom much of it was borrowed. As for Dowell when his country gets anything from him better than pack mules at four dollars per day, or flour at a dollar and a quarter a pound, it will be time to boast of a "fortune spent in her service." As it is, upon strict principles of justice and right it is not improbable that he is the gainer and his country the loser some thousands, by his valuable "endeavors for the public good." In the letter of the 25th of Aug. "Clarendon" speaks warmly "of our citizens who are so often compelled to act on the defensive, and to make the rifle their constant companion," patrolling round "Forest Dale" I suppose, acting "on the defensive," or marching to relieve the distant settlement. Nothing of it, not a word. All imagination. They are peaceful fellows and love not the smell of villainous saltpeter, perhaps never shouldered a rifle in the valley, and if so merely in a trade. But they have got into trouble about some little speculations on account "of their country" and they wish to darken the waters until they can get out. But here is a paragraph in which D. and D. lay aside their "constant companion their rifle" and drive the pen of the politician. I would advise them to continue the change, as the latter character is not only more congenial to their tastes, but vastly nearer the truth. But to the paragraph--"we are compelled in a measure to obey the mandates of a secret political organization known as Durhams, whose chief has proclaimed to the world that no expedition against their particular favorites--the Indians--shall receive the sanction of his office, or, in other words, the sanction of the executive of the Territory." Who ever heard before that the executive had proclaimed anything to the world upon the subject? No one. All pure fiction. But Gov. Curry did turn Drew out of the Qr. Mas. Gen'l.'s office, and that is Dowell and Drew's revenge. But then these "Durhams." Aye! there's the rub. They have ruthlessly exposed our little military speculations before we got an appropriation from Congress to foot the bills. Besides they are "a secret political organization," and we K.N.s don't like that at all. But seriously, Dowell and Drew, it is time these alarms about Indian massacres, wars and difficulties in Southern Oregon should come to an end. It is true Indian difficulties may occur, but in this valley it is not likely without some of us are very anxious for it. During the past six months peace has not been interrupted for one hour in the upper R.R. Valley. One or two men have been killed in the valleys or mountains towards the coast. As many have been killed or wounded in the same time in drunken brawls between whites. Yet during all this time you have labored over the signature of "Clarendon" and otherwise to make the impression that there has been continual skirmishing and fighting with the Indians in Rogue River Valley and "Forest Dale." This is unjustifiable; persons at a distance are deterred from coming to the mines; emigration is turned away in some other direction, and the settlers are kept in a continual alarm and uneasiness. Now, Charley, let me say a friendly word in conclusion. If the firm of Dowell & Drew must keep up a clamor--if they must play the cuttlefish, and darken the waters, take some other subject. Have done with these false alarms about Indians. Cease trying to raise a fuss with them, but pitch into the "Durhams." They are real foes and worthy of your steel; you may hack away at them until doomsday without harming them or anybody else. ANTI-HUMBUG.
Oregon
Statesman, Corvallis, October 13, 1855, page 1Jacksonville, O.T.
Dear Sir:Sept. 1855 Captain Smith, I am informed, reported to Genl. Wool last year that the company called out for the protection of the immigrants was unnecessary, and recently Mr. Bush and some of his correspondents have taken the same grounds, and some of the contractors are said to be in partnership with the quartermaster, and Mr. Dowell's account is published in the Statesman as a fair specimen of the accounts as made out by the late quartermaster. There are questions about which good men may honestly differ in opinion; therefore, permit me to state some of the facts, and frankly give you my opinion on the various points raised by these publications. I was of the opinion at the time that the company was necessary, and I have seen nothing since to change my opinion. I am informed that Governor Davis issued his order for the company to be organized upon the representations of Genl. Drew, Col. Ross, Captain Walker, Alexander Mclntire, Dr. Cleaveland, and O. B. McFadden, two of them commissioned officers of the territory whose duty is to be on the alert, and to report even red-handed danger to the executive: Three of them were members elected from this county to the legislative assembly, and the other a judge of one of the district courts of the United States. What better authority could any governor have to call out a company under an emergency? The letters from Governor Davis to Genl. Drew and Col. Ross was shown to the volunteers and contractors at the time the company was organized, and some prominent Whigs and and Democrats made speeches at the time urging the necessity and soliciting volunteers. What better authority could the volunteers and contractors have that they would be remunerated by the general government? Several reasons may be assigned why they thought the company necessary. One man [Daniel Gage] had been killed by the Indians on the Siskiyou Mountain and a pack train taken. On about the 1st of July four horses were taken near the forks of the emigrant and Yreka road, by the same Indians; the Shasta Indians had left Shasta Valley and had gone in the direction of the emigrant road. The Indians along the road have been very hostile for years, and at this time there were only a few regular soldiers stationed at Fort Jones and Fort lane, scarcely enough to keep the Indians of this valley in subjection. Again, there were no traders stationed between this valley and Humboldt River, a distance of six or seven hundred miles. The immigrants that came this route the year [illegible] while I was on the road with my company were in many instances utterly destitute of the necessaries of life. In fact, they had nothing to eat but poor emigrant beef. They needed protection from sickness and starvation. While I was in command these destitute persons were liberally supplied with the common necessaries of life, and I am informed the same was done last year. Even in this way the company done incalculable benefit to the immigrants. If the company only saved the life of a single American citizen from the hands of ruthless savages, or a still more horrid death, that of starvation, surely the American Congress would not conclude the company was wholly unnecessary and therefore refuse to pay the necessary expenses. The governor acted promptly and directly on the representations, of one of his own staff, the colonel of the county, and three or four members of the legislative assembly, and a judge of one of the district courts of the United States. The company was sworn, legally organized. Then will not the general government pay the soldiers and the necessary expenses? In my opinion, to doubt that something will be paid, if properly represented, is to doubt the honesty of Congress. But, it is said, the prices are high, and that some of the contractors were in partnership with the quartermaster; C. S. Drew, Pearson and Hunter all live at the same house and may have been in partnership for aught I know, but I am firmly of the opinion Mr. Dowell was never in partnership with either of the parties. I have known him ever since the spring of 1852, and I have some knowledge of his business ever since, yet I never knew or heard of any partnership between him and the Drews until I saw it in the Statesman. It is utterly false that he lives at the same ranch and exercises the same control. I have been at the ranch frequently, yet I never saw him there exercising any control whatever. I am informed that he never even ate a meal at the ranch until after his first letter appeared in the Statesman, and I know he has been in the county but little since. The prices are high, very high compared with the prices in other parts of the territory, even with the cash prices here, but the scarcity of money, the long credit that would necessarily have to be given the government, and the possibility of the audit being as long as that of the Cayuse War, produced the high prices, and not a partnership. Money on good security is and was worth at the time 5 and 4 percent per month; the prices before did not pay them the interest on their money. Prudent packers and traders in this part of the territory have doubled their capital twice and three times a year ever since the gold was discovered in Jacksonville; therefore, but few, very few, were willing to furnish supplies at a hundred percent above the cash prices given during the R.R. War. Many articles were furnished last year [at] 25 & 30 percent cheap[er] [in price] than the same articles were during this account. Dowell has owned pack animals ever since I knew him entirely disconnected from the Drews. As for the price Captain Walker had furnished the volunteers from Yreka [illegible] dollars per day for their horses before they left home. Common horses are worth more than good pack mules. The commissioners of military affairs and the quartermaster could not consistently have offered Mr. Dowell less for his pack animals. Under the circumstances it would have been an insult to have offered him less for his animals, and if they had offered less I am quite confident he would [have] refused to let his animals go. For he always gets good prices. Drew's animals remained here in this valley idle for a long time while Dowell's animals as I am informed were in active service on the plains. Flour & beef in this account is the same as that the government paid during the late war, and probably they were the highest prices compared to the cash prices in the account. During the R.R. War flour sold here from 16 cents to 20 cents; during the last expedition the same article sold from 14 to 18 cents per pound, and I am informed Mr. Dowell gave 15 cents for the flour which he furnished; therefore, there is only one or two cents difference in the cash prices. Not enough to materially change the credit price to the government. I have thus plainly given you the facts that justice may be done. I am for whipping the Whigs for their political opinions, but don't stab the [illegible] character of a good citizen without a [illegible] nor rob his purse. [unsigned--written in B. F.
Dowell's hand, apparently for Jesse Walker's signature]
Oregon
Indian Wars vol. 3, B.
F. Dowell papers Ax031,
University of Oregon Special Collections. Some words are lost in the
binding and have been extrapolated.For
the Oregonian.
Walla Walla Correspondence.
FORT
BENNETT, O.T.,
T. J. DRYER,
Esq.--Dear Sir:
I wrote you a few lines on the night of the 8th, stating that Col.
Kelly had met the enemy and whipped them. It is true they were whipped
and driven from the brush, gulches and ravines at the point of the
bayonet, but the redskin camas diggers did not know they were whipped.
So early on the morning of the 9th and 10th they renewed the attack and
kept up a constant firing for four days. Late in the evening of the
fourth day, a mounted charge was ordered against them, which was
gallantly executed. The enemy gave way and fled in every direction. The
boys pursued them, and continued the firing until after dark. The
Indians reported on the third morning that they had 52 killed and as
many more wounded. Their wounded must have been much greater than the
number killed, but the Indians knew we saw the dead upon the battle
ground, and it was no use for them to try to conceal their great loss.
Our loss is very great. Every captain engaged in the action, except
Captain Conoyer, was either killed or wounded during the action.
Captain Humason being at the time of the action at Fort Henrietta, his
company was commanded by Lieut. Jeffries, who was in the thickest of
the fight, and kept up a deadly fire during the whole action. The
officers and men, one and all, are brave and gallant men.Dec. 16, 1855. The following is a true list of all the killed and wounded since we left Fort Henrietta, giving the nature of their wounds: Dec. 3rd--Wm. Andrews, private in Benton County company, killed at Fort Henrietta; the only man that has been scalped by the enemy. Killed in the Battle of Walla
Walla.
Dec. 7th--Capt. Bennett, Marion County,
shot under
the left eye and the ball came out at the back of the head.2nd Lieut. J. M. Barrow, Linn County, shot through the breast. Simon L. Van Hageriman, Benton County, shot through the thigh, which cut the artery. Wounded.
Capt. A. V. Wilson, Multnomah Company;
right side of the face burned by the bursting of one of the howitzers.E. B. Kelso, Multnomah Company, shot in the face. Died Dec. 8th. F. Duval, Multnomah Company, shot in the wrist; ball extracted. J. W. Smith, Wasco Company; shot in the right leg. B. Miller, Marion, shot in the left thigh. Capt. Davis Layton, Linn Company, shot in the left leg, below the knee; a very bad wound. Henry Crow, Linn Company, shot through the lower part of the abdomen. Died Dec. 8th. A. M. Addington, Linn, shot through a posteriori, and right thigh; jabbed in the eye with an Indian gun. Franklin Crabtree, shot in the right arm, ball extracted Dec. 12th. Capt. J. B. Munson, Benton, shot through the right arm. J. B. Gervais, Marion, shot through the right arm, bones broken all to pieces. Sergt. Major Isaac Miller, Linn, shot in the right arm and cut on the left with a knife; ball extracted Dec. 12th. Jos. Sturdevant, Clackamas, shot through the right breast. Dec. 8th--Jesse Fleming, Multnomah Company, shot through the neck. Died Dec. 13th. Caspar Snook, Linn, shot through the right breast. Nathan Fry, Linn, shot in the left leg; ball extracted. Dec. 9th--Ira Allen, Marion, shot in the left shoulder. John Smith, Benton, shot in the nose between the eyes; ball extracted. Dec. 10--2nd Lieut. A. Sheppard, Marion, shot in the right arm; ball extracted. RECAPITULATION.
The troops have captured 75 or 100 head of horses, 150 or 200 head of cattle, and a large amount of potatoes, beans, peas, corn, camas, cruse [sic--probably candlefish oil], and various other kinds of Indian muckamuck. The French have all left their farms in possession of the Indians and fled to the country belonging to the Nez Perces for safety. Mr. Sinclair, who has long resided at Fort Walla Walla, estimates the damages done in this vicinity by the Indians at not less than one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. If we had good fresh horses or mules, doubtless a thousand head of horses would soon be taken, but our horses and mules are all rode down and wholly unable to pursue the enemy. Two-thirds of the whole command are out of sugar and coffee and destitute of flour. They are living on beef and Indian muckamuck. Unless supplies arrive soon, you may expect to see a few of the boys in Portland. A large portion of the command were anxious to leave for the Dalles this morning. Yours, respectfully,
B. F. DOWELL. DALLES,
O.T., Dec. 23rd, '55.
I came in with a pack train and about three hundred head of wild horses
which were taken from the enemy. Mr. Olney, the Indian agent, returned
with me. The party lived five days without flour and one day on horse
meat; but we met a large amount of supplies on the road. The troops
will have plenty for three months.B.F.D.
Oregonian,
Portland, December 29, 1855, page 2Boston,
Decr. 19th 1855.
Friend Mosher,Although I hear from you occasionally through Ben Drew & other friends in Jacksonville, I have never had that pleasure directly, so presuming that you are in good health & condition, and plodding along towards that eternal fortune we used to talk about, I will proceed at once to business, for I suppose you are anxious to know what all this row is about. I will give you a short history, and you can find out the rest by the documents. This Gardiner is supposed to be a wealthy man and a damn scoundrel, has made his money by cheating & swindling whenever he can find a loophole; that is his reputation here, at home and wherever he is known. In 1850 when I was in San Francisco he was then with his brother-in-law (Mr. Turner), and wishing to get him into business he proposed to me to go to Oregon with Turner; Gardiner (who was then owing me $1000 for services on the barque Bostonian) agreed to give us $3000 to start us, building stores &c., and he further agreeing to send us a cargo of goods from Boston and an unlimited credit from San F'co. He did furnish us with the $3000, and we traded until we built two stores costing $3600; in the meantime I continued urging him to fulfill his agreement, but as Turner was drowned in the summer of 1851, he backed out of his bargain, and all I got out of him was about [illegible], which I drew out of his agent in San F'co. Business was almighty poor, and in July 1852 schr. Nassau's wreck cleaned us out, and left the institution in debt. We had the store, a very few old traps left, and an invoice of [illegible] (of poor quality, sent by Gardiner) all [of] which were consigned to MacTavish at Scottsburg for sale for the liquidation of the debts of the concern. (The houses & axes yet remain unsold.) I then started, dead broke, for Jacksonville with Ben Drew, working my passage in Nov. 1852; Decr. I bought my team, and by dint of [illegible] good freight made out of the Jews I paid for my team, after which we packed the goods on our own acct. It is a notorious fact that we were short on money, as the first bill we ever paid was [illegible] on our curtain in the office for a specimen. I came home to collect my government a/c, buy goods and return again to Jacksonville; as soon as I arrived I saw Gardiner, told him that I had come home without a red cent. I had some accounts against govmt., but did not know as they were worth anything (this was the act of Congress authorizing their payment). I went to Washington & remained some time. Every time that I met Gardiner, he professed the utmost friendship for me, never mentioned any claim he had on me, and I supposed all was on the square. Meantime, he conjured up an idea that the copartnership had not been properly dissolved (because there was no newspaper within 150 miles of Scottsburg and I had not published it) also that I could not prove when I got my money to pay for my mules, nor when I got so large an a/c against govmt. in so short a time, and without saying a word to me, just as I was to be paid, he jumped on. Damn his soul. His idea was undoubtedly that for the sake of going away I would give him $1000 or so to settle it, but I preferred fighting him at a much greater delay & expense. My counsel are J. M. Carlisle, Washington; W. E. Partmenter, Boston, A. C. Gibbs in Scottsburg & yourself in Jacksonville, all good men & true, and as I am fully armed with the right, I have no doubt of my success. I want to go to as little expense as possible, but of course want to go thorough. I send copy of bill & answer, also of questions that have been submitted to the court & answers that I expect to get. Of course I could not communicate with my witnesses, so take this method as some of them may have forgotten the circumstances of my business, so long ago, but, when reminded by you, through these copies, will find that I have got it all about right, and will be willing to give these or similar answers without feeling any stretch of conscience. The original questions & documents will be sent from the court at Washington to some commissioner in Jacksonville with proper orders and if the commissioner should happen to be yourself and you cannot attend to my business, please depute some good fellow. Of course the papers must be kept secret from the enemy. With confidence in your ability to conduct this as it should be, and hoping to hear from you soon, I remain, as ever, Truly
your friend
If Gard Chism is in your town, Gibbs will send you a copy of
his ques.
& ans. He is the principal witness, and being a crooked stick,
although a good fellow at heart, you will have to be careful with him
and help
him through somewhat.Geo. L. Snelling There is nothing in any of the answers but what I could swear to, knowing it to be the full truth. Yrs.
Oregon
Indian Wars vol. 3, B.
F. Dowell papers Ax031,
University of Oregon Special Collections. Some words are lost in the
binding and have been extrapolated. Depositions relevant to this case
are transcribed on the Drew
page.G.L.S. Fort
Dalles Oregon
Dear BrotherDec. 25, 1855 Early in October a general Indian war broke out in Oregon and Washington Territories, extending from Walla Walla Valley east of the Cascades Mountain to the N.W. corner of Washington Ter. and from Puget Sound to the northern part of Cal. I left Southern Oregon about the first of October for the purpose of buying bacon for the miners, and came to the Willamette Valley. When I arrived at Portland, the whole country was excited and alarmed. The regular army under Major Haller had been defeated in a general engagement and fair fight by the Yakama Indians. The Indians had broken up white settlements in Southern Oregon. Two regiments of volunteers were called out by the Gov. of Oregon, one for Southern Oregon and the other to assist Major Haller on the Columbia River, and another regiment was called by the Gov. of Washington, making three volunteer regiments to assist the regular army to suppress these hostilities. On the 15th of Oct. I was employed by the Quarter Master as pack master at six dollars per day for my services and three dollars per day for my mules to transport supplies for the use of the First Regiment of Oregon volunteers, and I have been in active service ever since. I have made one march through the Yakima country with Col. Nesmith, and saw one little band while with his command near the Yakima River. After we returned to this place I was ordered to accompany Col. Kelley and his command to Walla Walla Valley. On the 5th inst. Peu-peu-mox-mox, or Yellow Serpent, the head chief of the Walla Walla Indians, met Lt. Col. Kelley near the Touchet, a tributary of the Walla Walla River, like the prophet met Gen'l. Harrison before the Battle of Tippecanoe--with pretended friendship, and about dark tried to get the whole command to enter and camp in a deep cañon, which was lined with thick underbrush, logs, and a large force of hostile Indians, a complete natural fortification and an excellent place for the enemy to cripple or massacre Lt.Col. Kelley and his whole force of 339 men. The Indians were seen, and their plot discovered by the Indian Agent, Nathan Olney and Col. Kelley. Peu-peu-mox-mox and five of his treacherous comrades were taken prisoner by Col. Kelley, and he and his command camped in the opposite direction from the cañon. The next day the command returned to the crossing of the Touchet close to the confluence with the Walla Walla River. The next morning, the hills in front of our camp were literally lined with the enemy. A general engagement soon followed. The whites and Indians were all mounted, and those that had the best horses did the fastest running; the advance of the enemy soon fled up the Walla Walla toward their camp and to the old Waiilatpu Mission where Dr. Whitman, his family and a parcel of emigrants were massacred on the 29th of Nov. 1847. About ten miles below the mission our enemies made a desperate stand, our advance companies being so pressed by the enemy with a crossfire that they were compelled to retreat and fall back to the main command. The transportation trains under my charge, and the Indian prisoners under a guard of twelve men, were close up with the command in the midst of battle, and soon after the Indians had shouted over the salient of our advance, one of the prisoners drew a knife and stabbed one of the guards; four more of them refused to be tied and seized the guns of the guard and in a half minute the whole five were shot down. The other prisoner, a young Nez Perce, made no resistance, and he still lives to tell the tale to his unfortunate race. Peu-peu-mox-mox said he had rather die than be tied, and he fought like a tiger to the last. Thus fell one of the richest, shrewdest, proudest chiefs that ever danced over a white man's scalp west of the Rocky Mtns. The battle lasted for four days. During the time, we built a stockade enclosing the ground on which Peu-peu-mox-mox fell. Our loss was one captain, one lt. and seven privates who were killed or have since died, and two captains and fourteen privates wounded. The loss of the enemy could not be accurately ascertained, as they packed off and burned all they could. However, 39 still lie dead upon the battle field and their loss is estimated from the best information of the officers as 75 killed and as many more wounded. The Indians engaged in the battle are variously estimated from 500 to 1000 warriors. Col. Kelley's whole command was only 339 men, but they fought bravely and came off victorious. The Indians all fled across Snake River, and left our troops in the peaceable possession of Walla Walla Valley and the whole country between here and there, a distance of 150 or 160 miles. The battle was fought 5 or 6 miles north of Oregon in Washington Territory. The weather is intensely cold. The coldest that I have ever experienced in Oregon. The ice on the Columbia River, opposite this place, will bear a wagon and team, but in a few days it will all be gone and I shall return to Walla Walla with more supplies for the volunteers. B.
F. Dowell
Sam'l. Dowell, Esq.Stony Point P.O. Albemarle, Va. Bancroft Library MSS. P-A 25 Fred Lockley's Impressions:
Benjamin Franklin Dowell, Oregon attorney, was born in Albemarle
County, Virginia, in 1826. He studied law in the University of
Virginia. He went to the California gold diggings in 1850. In 1851 he
came to Oregon, settling in Jacksonville. In 1861 he married Anna
Campbell. From 1864 to 1878 he was the owner and publisher of the
Jacksonville Sentinel.Dowell Describes Battle with Indians Fifty years ago when I wandered into abandoned miners' cabins in Southern Oregon I often found them papered with copies of the Sentinel. Many years ago it was my good fortune to purchase some old scrapbooks and correspondence of B. F. Dowell. I have a letter he wrote to his brother, Samuel Dowell, at Stony Point, Va., from Fort Dalles on Christmas Day, 1855. Omitting some personal references, he writes, "Early in October a general Indian war broke out in Oregon and Washington territories extending from the Walla Walla Valley to the Cascade Mountains to the northwest corner of Washington Territory and from Puget Sound to the Northern California border. I left Southern Oregon early in October for the purpose of buying bacon for the mines and came to the Willamette Valley. When I arrived at Portland there was general alarm and excitement as the regulars under Major Haller had been defeated in a general engagement and fair fight with the Yakima Indians. The Indians had also broken up settlements in Southern Oregon and two regiments of volunteers were called out by the governor of Oregon, one to serve in Southern Oregon and the other to assist Major Haller on the Columbia River. Another regiment was called out by the governor of Washington territory to assist the regulars. "On October 15 I was employed by the quartermaster as packmaster at $6 a day for my services and $3 per day for the mules in my pack train to transport supplies for the first regiment of Oregon volunteers, and I have been in active service ever since. "I have made a march through the Yakima country with Col. Nesmith and saw a battle while with his command with the Indians near the Yakima River. Returning to this place, The Dalles, I was ordered to accompany Col. Kelly and his command to the Walla Walla Valley. On the fifth of the month Peu-peu-mox-mox or Yellow Serpent, head chief of the Walla Walla Indians, met Lt. Col. Kelly near the Touchet, a tributary of the Walla Walla River, with pretended friendship. "At dusk he tried to get the command to enter and camp in a canyon lined with underbrush, logs and rocks and a force of hostile Indians, a natural fortification and an excellent place for the enemy to cripple or massacre Col. Kelly and his force of 339 men. The Indians were seen and their plot discovered by Nathan Olney, the Indian agent. "Peu-Peu-Mox-Mox and five of his treacherous comrades were taken prisoners by Col. Kelly and he and his command camped elsewhere. . . . Next day the command returned to the Touchet close to its confluence with the Walla Walla River. Next morning the hills in front of our camp were lined with the enemy. A general engagement soon followed. Both whites and Indians were mounted. The Indians fled up the Walla Walla toward their camp near the Waiilatpu mission where Dr. Marcus Whitman, his family and a parcel of emigrants were massacred on November 27, 1847. "About two miles below the mission the Indians made a stand. Our advance troops, being pressed by the Indians with their crossfire, were compelled to retreat and fall back to the main command. The pack train under my charge and the Indian prisoners under guard of 12 men were close to the main command and in the midst of the battle. "One of the Indian prisoners drew his knife and stabbed one of the guard. The other four refused to be tied and seized the guns of their guards. In half a minute they were shot down. The other prisoner, a young Nez Perce, made no resistance, so he still lives to tell the tale to his people. Peu-peu-mox-mox, when they attempted to tie him, said he would rather die than be tied. He fought like a tiger to the last. Thus fell one of the proudest, shrewdest and haughtiest chiefs west of the Rocky Mountains. "The battle lasted for four days. During this time we built a stockade on the ground on which Peu-peu-mox-mox fell. We lost a captain, a lieutenant and seven privates killed and 14 privates wounded and two captains also wounded. We found 39 dead Indians, though many of their fallen were carried off so we can make no accurate account of their dead or wounded. We estimate from 65 to 75 dead of the Indians. Our command was 339 and the Indians had from 600 to around 1000 warriors. The Indians fled across the river, leaving us in possession of the battle field. The Columbia is frozen over so hard we can drive wagons and teams over it." Oregon Journal, Portland, August 15, 1948, page 37 Lockley's Impressions:
Dowell Dairies Rich Source of History About Oregon By FRED LOCKLEY
Benjamin Franklin Dowell of Virginia came to Oregon
Territory in time to participate in our early Indian wars. When the
county seat of Jackson County was at Jacksonville, I visited the former
home of Dowell. In a shed, near the courthouse in Jacksonville, I
discovered about 1000 pounds of old briefs and records of
Jacksonville's territorial days.
This old shed, in which they were stored, was the original courthouse. I asked the county clerk if I could examine the old records in the shed and he said, "The voters have decided that the county seat is to be moved to Medford; you can have all you want of those early-day records as it will not pay to move them to Medford." I gathered up 100 pounds or so and put them in the trunk of my car. Many of these old briefs were by B. F. Dowell, who was an attorney at Jacksonville, and also ran a newspaper there. Many years later I visited Mrs. B. F. Dowell at her home here in Portland. The attic of her home was filled with newspaper files, early-day diaries of Dowell, miscellaneous records. I selected a score or so of diaries, paying her about $5 apiece for them. Dowell had taught school in the Waldo hills, had run pack trains, had been packmaster in two Indian wars, and I found the diaries of great interest. Here are some extracts from a diary he kept during the year of 1856. "Dalles, O.T. January 1, 1856: "My pack train arrived here on the 23rd day of December, 1855, but the weather was so very cold it was almost impossible to travel without freezing. The weather moderated a little today but the Columbia River is still frozen over. The ice is 10 inches thick and the river is 468 yards wide. The United States quartermaster at this post drove across the river on the ice a large band of worn-out Cayuse horses. A few of those who were wounded in the battle of Walla Walla arrived here today with Dr. Nicholson. Several of them got their feet frostbitten on their way. They left Fort Bennett soon after I did. "Dalles, O.T. January 3, 1856: "My pack train took the following, for Walla Walla; 4050 pounds of flour; 120 pounds saleratus; 320 pounds of coffee; 160 pounds of yeast powders; 100 pounds molasses; 50 pounds of powder; 10 pounds caps. The train returned to the old camp ground on Fivemile Creek two or three miles above Mr. Olney's house, but I stayed in town all night to settle my accounts with the quartermaster and commissary. The ball was extracted out of Capt. Layton's leg. He was shot in the battle of Walla Walla, but the doctors were unable to find the ball until today. "Deschutes River, January 4, 1856: "The pack train arrived late this evening. The ferryman informed us it is impossible to cross the river. The ferryboat was washed down the river three or four miles. There was not even a canoe on the river. I discharged H. M. Clark and Evan Watts. "Deschutes River, January 5, 1856: "Messrs. Clark and Watts left for Polk County to attend to some business there, but they intend returning in about a month to The Dalles. I hope they will be there upon my return and willing to continue packing. They are good packers and willing to do their duty. "Governor Stevens with a party arrived at the North bank of the river. "Deschutes River, January 6, 1856: "Governor's party dug away the snow and cut the ice on the north side of the river and we dug and cut away the snow and ice on the south side so all crossed the river with safety. Five or six of the mules washed down below the ford in swimming water but they all came out safe. The snow was so soft we had to unpack at the edge of the water and pack out the cargo on our backs. The teamsters that were with the wounded had left two wagons on the north side of the river. There were six more under command of Mr. Whitney, camped about a mile above that can't get across the river for several days. The ice and snow have entirely blocked the south channel of the river and is in the old channel 8 or 10 feet deep on the north side. Above the falls the river is entirely open but the slush ice is all the way from the falls to the Columbia River." Oregon Journal, Portland, November 28, 1954, page 25 Lockley's Impressions:
1856 Journal of Oregon Volunteers Recites Hardships By FRED LOCKLEY
During the Indian war of 1856 the Oregon Volunteers were camped on the
Deschutes River. B. F. Dowell, who was packmaster, kept a daily
journal. On January 6, 1856, the Columbia River was frozen over. He
wrote in his diary as follows:
"We have a very small guard. The following are their names: O. Kendall, sergeant; Reason Hamlin, Aaron Hamlin, Charles Garrison, Lyman Garrison; only five in all, so I suppose there will be but little guarding done during the trip, but there are but few Indians between here and Walla Walla. "Gov. Stevens and party are returning from Fort Benton on the Missouri River. He went out early last spring to make treaties with the Indians. He had with him his little son, two while men and several Indians. The balance of his party he left at Camp Curry with Maj. Chinn on the Walla Walla River. "Thomas Cornelius was elected colonel in place of J. W. Nesmith, resigned; but he would not take the command until he received his commission from the governor of Oregon. Maj. Chinn, being the highest commissioned officer at Camp Curry, took command. Gov. Stevens said the volunteers were out of flour when he left them at Camp Curry, but he met Capt. Farrar at Wildhorse Creek with a pack train loaded with flour for the volunteers and that Capt. Croy had about 1000 pounds at Fort Henrietta, 10 miles this side of the main command. "Dry Camp, January 7, 1856: "We packed our flour across the ice and snow this morning and then traveled until late this evening 10 miles and camped on good grass but without wood or water. We killed a little beef that will weigh around 200 pounds. "Rock Creek, January 8, 1856: "At about 12 o'clock we met two men returning home from Camp Curry. They had belonged to the company from Yamhill, but they said they had been discharged, The volunteers had only four days' rations of flour when they left camp. "Cedar Spring, January 9, 1856: "Last night was a cold, wet, sleeting night. We turned all the mules out without staking or hobbling any of them. Three of them followed a Cayuse horse off and we were detained half the day hunting them. Good water, wood and grass. Made three miles. "Willow Creek, January 10, 1856: "We left the springs at 2 o'clock p.m. and arrived here at 8. Met Lt. Hanna with a small party returning to The Dalles and 50 of Gov. Stevens' company. Among the number was A. Tolman, who has a Cayuse wife, and James Wilson, who was charged with assault and battery on Warbish at Steilacoom, where he broke jail in July, 1854, and ran off. He has been with the Indians ever since. "Juniper or Wells Springs, January 11, 1856: "We saw a wild horse but we could neither catch nor drive him to camp. An animal that will neither lead nor drive ought to be killed, but we could not get within killing distance of him. "Butter Creek, January 12, 1856: "We found a few volunteers camped at this place on their way to The Dalles. Reason Hamlin caught a one-eyed wild Cayuse horse and led him up to camp. We saw a small band of wild horses to the creek above the emigrant road." Oregon Journal, Portland, December 5, 1954, page 31 Lockley's Impressions: Rounding Up Wild Horses
Occupied '56 Volunteers in Deschutes River Area By FRED LOCKLEY
When the Oregon Volunteers, under Col. Cornelius, were trying to round
up Indians between the Deschutes and Dr. McKay's ranch, in what is now
Umatilla County, B. F. Dowell, packmaster, put in his spare time
rounding up Indian ponies and American horses to be used as pack
horses. In his diary dated January 13, 1856, he writes:"Two of our men were out after a wild band of horses but they couldn't drive them. Passed the fort at 2 o'clock p.m. Capt. W. H. Fauntleroy placed under my charge 13 horses and three men, with 650 pounds of flour, 20 pounds of sugar, 22 pounds of tobacco, 150 pounds of salt, 2 sacks coffee, 13 pairs of pants, 2 frying pans, 7½ pairs of socks, one pair of blankets for packer. "The following are the names of the packers: Charles Garrison, detailed from Company I from Benton County; Bourne, and Dr. William H. Hire. "I left Garrison with my train and turned over James Boyce's." "Umatilla, one mile above McKay's ranch, January 14, 1856: "Met Capt. Wilson going to Fort Henrietta to take charge of the commissary store while Capt. Fauntleroy was gone to The Dalles to settle his accounts. He said the soldiers had been without flour for 25 days and had only five days' rations in 30 days. "Wildhorse Creek, January 15, 1856: "We found early this morning two American horses without any brands; one a bay horse, the other a black. We supposed they were lost from Gov. Stevens' company on their return home from Fort Benton. We have them with us. "Dry Creek, January 16, 1856: "We passed Capt. Connoyer's camp late this evening. He is camped with friendly Indians and the French on the south fork of Walla Walla River. There is a large band of cattle and horses with him. The Cayuse train was behind and did not make our camp." "Headquarters Camp, Mill Creek, January 17, 1856: "I arrived here at 12 o'clock a.m. with both trains and delivered all supplies to Acting Commissary F. T. Hibler. The train returned to the vicinity of our former camp. The commanding officer, Maj. Chinn, had left the day before for the French camp. "Headquarters Camp, Mill Creek, January 18, 1856: "Maj. Chinn returned to camp. He desires the train to start tomorrow for Fort Henrietta. Capt. Hembree with 40 men is out on a scout toward the bend in the Columbia River. Clackamas County company and Polk County company are ordered to The Dalles. It is very uncertain at what time I shall be able to return to the army. "McKay's, January 20, 1856: "Myself and two of my hands took a scout down the Umatilla River after wild horses. We saw a number of wild horses but they were too wild for three men to drive them on poor horses. However, we drove up seven head, two of them very good mares. They are now in the corral. "Above Henrietta, January 21, 1856: "Spent a portion of the day catching the horses which we drove up yesterday. One of them will make a good riding horse; the others are too young to be of much service. Mr. Davidson and Rush claim the two American horses which we took as strays from Gov. Stevens' party. They say that the horses belong to McKay." Oregon Journal, Portland, December 12, 1954, page 37 Sam'l. Dowell, Esq.
Stony Point P.O. Albemarle, Va. Salem,
O.T.
Dear Brother,Jan. 31st, 1856. The only subjects of conversation at the capital of Oregon are Gen'l. Wool, Palmer and the present Indian war. General Wool charges the whites with commencing the war for the purpose of plundering the treasury of the U.S., that the govts. of Oregon & Washington territories have called out volunteers unnecessarily, that the Oregonians barbarously murdered Peu-peu-mox-mox, the head chief of the Walla-Walla Indians. Every newspaper in these territories and the citizens generally denounce Gen'l. Wool and he in return calls the Oregonians little dogs barking at his heels. Gen'l. Wool has not condescended to visit the scene of hostilities, and the whole of the regular army under his command are now safely housed in their winter quarters at the military post, within the settlement, while the volunteers are occupying Walla Walla Valley, poorly clad and almost without tents and destitute of bread, upwards of 150 miles from the white settlements. He either has bad advisors or he is wholly ignorant of the numbers, resources, tact, intelligence and deadly hostility of our enemy, or he is a great Indian sympathizer and wholly regardless of the interest of Oregon and Washington territories. I have resided in Southern Oregon in the midst of the Indians for the last five years, and since my arrival in Oregon I have frequently traveled from one end of the settlements to the other, so I have had a good opportunity to know the causes of the war, and the strength of our enemies. I would be the last man to aid and assist to prosecute an unjust war, but I have been from the commencement and am now actively engaged in this war. I verily believe that it is absolutely necessary it should be vigorously prosecuted to a successful termination. In Southern Oregon alone, upwards of [thirty of] our citizens were waylaid and barbarously murdered before the Oregonians organized a single company to chastise the Indians. A friend from Jackson Co. gave me a copy of a letter written by the Indian agent Ambrose to the Superintendent of Indian Affairs which I enclose to you. This letter was written only eight days before the commencement of the war, from which you can form some idea how an Indian war is commenced and you will see that the whites are not wholly to blame for our present difficulties. The most of the facts and circumstances detailed in this letter I know to be true, but I am of the opinion Limpy and George deceived the agent, and that they were hostile at the time his letter was written, for they refused to reside in the Indian reservation, and eight days later they joined the Scotons and Shastas in open hostilities against the whites. I am as much opposed to extermination of the red race as Gen'l. Palmer or Gen'l. Wool, but the war is now being waged by our enemy against friend and foe, against innocent men, women and children. These Indians must be taught the power of the Americans, and the utter folly for them to take up arms against us, and it is the imperative duty of Gen'l. Wool and every good citizen to aid and assist in doing it, and to close the war. The Legislative Assembly yesterday passed unanimously a joint memorial condemning Gen'l. Wool for his inactivity and for trying to destroy the credit of Oregon, and the memorial politely asks the President of the U.S. to remove him from the command of the Pacific Division. In every war in which we have ever been engaged, from the Revolutionary War to the present time, there has always been a party, a small, narrow, contracted, contemptible party, against each war, and Gen'l. Wool has always opposed the volunteer force, but I believe this is the first time he or any other commander has kept the regular army inactive and out of the Indian country during the winter in time of an Indian war. A timid woman would have done better, for she is always patriotic and for her country, right or wrong. It is also said that Gen'l. Palmer, the Supt. of Indian Affairs, has taken sides with Gen'l. Wool and our enemies, and the members of the Legislative Assembly have politely asked the President to remove him from office. How Gen'l. Palmer could report against the war I am at a loss to know, for the letter of Agent Ambrose was directed to him, and was doubtless in his possession when the war commenced, and he to my knowledge was present and advised Gov. Curry to call out 1000 volunteers to march up the Columbia River to the relief of our citizens in the vicinity of The Dalles, and before the volunteers left the Willamette Valley he subscribed $100 to assist [to] arm and equip the volunteers; he even advised his own son to join the Oregon volunteers, and seemed deeply to regret the insufficiency of the available transportation animals belonging to the volunteer command; yet I am credibly informed he has reported to Gen'l. Wool that the war was commenced by the citizens of Oregon, and that they consider the treasury as a legitimate subject of public plunder, and that Gen'l. Wool has reiterated the charge publicly again and again. We have a few vagabonds, not citizens, that are outlaws and refugees from justice, but probably in proportion to population there are as few here as there are in Washington City, the metropolis of the nation. The great body of resident citizens of Oregon are as true, honest and as law-abiding citizens as any in America, who are now engaged in the war, and who believe the war to be a great national calamity, and who look upon Gen'l. Wool and Gen'l. Palmer as base slanderers and calumniators of their good name. Did the Supt. expect to plunder the Treasury of the U.S. himself by advising a volunteer force to be called out, and by furnishing money to prosecute the war? Did he expect his own son to join the army and divide the plunder? Or did he do all this from a sense of duty, for the purpose of suppressing Indian hostilities, and to restore peace and happiness to his adopted country? If Gen'l. Palmer and Gen'l. Wool had been in the late battle of Walla Walla and seen with their own eyes the gallantry of the Oregon volunteers, we surely never should have heard of their traducing the good name of the Oregon volunteers. The truth is the good citizens of Oregon not only in this war, but in all our own Indian wars have risen en masse from a sense of justice, against the Indians for self-protection, without inquiring who should or would pay them, and they are truly unfortunate in having the commander of the U.S. forces taking sides with the enemy and refusing to prosecute the war. The sooner he is removed and the sooner the regular army takes the field the better for California, Oregon, Washington territories, and the better for the U.S. Treasury. I was present at the commencement of the Rogue River War in 1853, and not one, at the commencement, expected a dollar for his services, nor did they expect to ask for pay, until after the arrival of the U.S. officers who advised over 200 men that were then in the field bearing arms in defense of their own lives and property, to be mustered into U.S. service and apply for pay. Their whole and sole object was to protect the settlements and punish a treacherous, perfidious and common enemy to the white race. The Cayuse War was long before my arrival in the territory and before the U.S. had organized our territorial government, and a variety of opinions exist here as to the cause of that war. Some contend the Indians killed Dr. Whitman & his whole family because he was unsuccessful as a physician among them, others that it was caused by undue influence of the Catholic missionaries and their deadly hostility to the Protestant religion, while the great body of the old settlers believe the war was caused by the great emigration across the plains to Oregon and by the officers and servants of the Hudson's Bay Co. teaching the Indians that the Americans were intruders upon the rights of the English and Indians, that the Americans would occupy their lands without remunerating them for the homes of their fathers, the Indians thus foreseeing the natural encroachments of the whites determined to meet the crisis and decide their fate by the force of arms. Our government did wrongly to encourage our citizens to emigrate to Oregon before purchasing the land of the natives. But this was done as far back as 1842 not for the purpose of doing injustice to the Indians but to extinguish the pretended claim of England to Oregon. England, at the same time, was alive to her interests, and was giving her citizens great encouragement to settle and occupy the same country, and at the time of the first American emigration across the plains to Oregon there was a large Hudson's Bay settlement on the Willamette and Columbia rivers. Soon after our emigrants arrived here, there was a great rivalry between the English and Americans. The Cayuse War served to increase the natural antipathy of the Oregonians against the Hudson's Bay Co. and against the Indians. Dr. Whitman, a pious American Protestant missionary, his wife and children and a large party of emigrants camped at his house were barbarously murdered, without cause or provocation. He had done more to Christianize and civilize the Indians than any other man in Oregon. He had taught them to plant, cultivate, reap and use corn, wheat and potatoes, which the Indians continued to raise in abundance up to the time of the commencement of the present war. He had taught some of them to read and write and several, from the fruits of his labor, are now better writers than I am. He and Mr. Spalding had translated the New Testament into the Nez Perce language, and many can read it to this day. In truth and in fact Dr. Whitman was one of the best of missionaries and the "poor Indians'" best friend and greatest benefactor; yet he was the first white man that fell a victim to their treachery and barbarity. The emigrant men shared the same fate, but some of the women were taken prisoners and forced to become the unwilling wives of their bloodthirsty captors. The facts stand out in bold relief; the emigrants were not to blame; Dr. Whitman and his family were not to blame, yet the Americans had war, the English had peace, and notwithstanding the American settlements were very weak and needed assistance the Hudson's Bay Co. was then opposed to the war, like Gen'l. Wool is now, and this powerful company then refused to assist the Oregonians and to prosecute the war. Gen. Wool has reported to the Secty. of War again and again that the regular army under his command was wholly inadequate to protect the settlements, yet he has always reported against the volunteers. He reported long ago that the company called out by orders of Gov. Davis in 1854, was unnecessary, and that it was done for speculation. Yet the same time he urges the department to send more forces to the Pacific, and beautifully describes his district as extensive and "an empire within itself"; but now in the midst of the most destructive war that has ever scourged Oregon he says there are plenty of regulars, no war, no necessity for his command to leave their good comfortable houses and take the field. It is true the enemy has not recently done any great damage, and they have been driven beyond the settlements by the volunteers, but unless they are pursued and whipped they will return to the frontier settlements, and again massacre whole families. Gen'l. Palmer's & Wool's opposition will tend to prolong the war, increase the high prices, and prevent the speedy settlement and payment of the expenses of the war, but notwithstanding all this, the legislatures of Oregon and Washington have both determined to continue to bark like dogs at the heels of Wool, and vigorously prosecute the war to a successful termination. Washington is sparsely populated but Oregon has wealth, resources, [and a] vigorous, hardy and large population. She has the very best material in America to prosecute an Indian war successfully. Civilization has always trampled over savage barbarity. So, in this instance, notwithstanding Wool's and Palmer's opposition, and notwithstanding at present the plow has to be abandoned for the rifle and gloom and lowering clouds hang over the future destiny of Washington and Oregon, yet finally the savages will be compelled to sue for peace and the clouds of darkness will disappear and peace and happiness will be restored to the Pacific Coast. In relation to Peu-peu-mox-mox, I wrote for the full particulars of his death on the 25th of last month. At the time he was killed I was untying a rope to tie him with to prevent him from making his escape. I saw it all with my own eyes, and I was within three ft. of him when he breathed his last. He certainly was not murdered but was killed by one of the guard while he was trying to take the gun of the other. According to the most rigid rules of civilized warfare, the guard was not to blame. Officers and soldiers have frequently been complimented for killing prisoners under similar circumstances. Doubtless it was the intention of Peu-peu-mox-mox and his comrades to get the guns of the guard and then make their escape. Even Gen. Wool himself commends Major Haller and his men for killing an Indian prisoner at Fort Boise in 1854 trying to make his escape from the regulars of the U.S. Army. The acts of the regulars, in the estimation of Gen'l. Wool, deserve commendation, but the same act performed by volunteers only twelve months afterwards is severely and bitterly condemned as murder in the first degree. Peu-peu-mox-mox was a rich, proud, haughty, cunning, treacherous, bitter and dangerous enemy and those who think the whites are wholly responsible for this war and that Indians can do no wrong may truly sympathize with the Indians and deeply regret his death. To those who prefer Negroes and Indians to whites, and a vast, howling wilderness inhabited only by coyotes, wolves, panthers and living beings in human shape more savage still, to beautiful cultivated fields, and large, flourishing commercial cities inhabited by intelligent, civilized man, have great cause to grieve over the loss of Peu-peu-mox-mox. But if the cultivation of the soil, and the cultivation of the arts and sciences, be the will of the maker of the heavens and earth, it may be just cause for the Oregonians to rejoice that this daring chief and champion of the savages attempted to escape and drew down destruction upon his own head. As for scalping and cutting of Peu-peu-mox-mox' ears, this is a relic of barbarism which the Americans learned from the savages, and the practice is very common among the whites and Indians. I have no taste for such barbarity. The whites sometimes scalp the Indians before they are scarcely dead, and the Indians scalp all who fall into their hands. There are a few whites back in the volunteer and regular army who pride themselves upon showing such worthless trophies. The only excuse is offered is the Indians would scalp you, and the Indian will never bury, burn or touch an Indian that has his hair mutilated. If an Indian is killed and not scalped and the Indians get a chance they will remove the body as quick as a white man would, but if he is scalped you can always find the body afterward. The Indians are superstitious and will not touch the mutilated dead body. I have just brought from the First Regiment of volunteers on the Columbia River an express to the Gov. of Oregon. I came the whole route with only one man with me. Since my arrival in Oregon my life has frequently been exposed, and the road before me is beset by hostile bands of roving reckless savages, yet I am not afraid to go wherever duty calls me, regardless of consequences. B.
F. Dowell.
Bancroft
Library MSS P-A 25. This version (transcribed from a typescript)
deletes several paragraphs, restored in the version below, transcribed
from a copy in Dowell's hand at the University of Oregon.Salem,
O.T.
Dear Brother, Jan 31st 1856 The only subjects of conversation at the capital of Oregon are Gen'l. Wool, Palmer and the present Indian. General Wool charges the whites with commencing the war for the purpose of plundering the Treasury of the U.S., that the Govs. of Oregon & Washington Territories have called out volunteers unnecessarily, that the Oregonians barbarously murdered Peu-peu-mox-mox, the head chief of the Walla Walla Indians. Every newspaper in these territories and the citizens generally denounce Gen'l. Wool, and he in return calls the Oregonian little dogs barking at his heels. Gen'l. Wool has not condescended to visit the scene of hostilities, and the whole of the regular army under his command are now safely housed in their winter quarters at the military post within the settlement while the volunteers are occupying Walla Walla Valley, poorly clad and almost without tents and destitute of bread, upwards of 130 miles from the white settlements. He either has bad advisors or he is wholly ignorant of the tact, intelligence and deadly hostility of our enemy, or he is a great Indian sympathizer and wholly regardless of the interest of Oregon and Washington Territories. I have resided in Southern Oregon in the midst of the Indians for the last five years, and since my arrival in Oregon I have frequently traveled from one end of the settlements to the other, so I have had a good opportunity to know the causes of the war and the strength of our enemies. I would be the last man to aid and assist to prosecute an unjust war, but I have been from the commencement, and am now, actively engaged in this war. I verily believe that it is absolutely necessary; it should be vigorously prosecuted to a successful termination. In Southern Oregon alone, upwards of [thirty of] our citizens were waylaid and barbarously murdered before the Oregonians organized a single company to chastise the Indians. A friend from Jackson It is also said that Gen'l. Palmer, the Supt. of Indian Affairs, has taken sides with Gen'l. Wool and our enemies, and the members of the Legislative Assembly have politely asked the President to remove him from office. How Gen'l. Palmer could report against the war, I am at a loss to know, for the letter of Agent Ambrose was directed to him and was doubtless in his possession when the war commenced, and he to my knowledge was present and advised Gov. Curry to call out 1000 volunteers to march up the Columbia River to the relief of our citizens in the vicinity of the Dalles; and before the volunteers left the Willamette Valley, he subscribed $100 to assist, arm and equip the volunteers; he even advised his own son to join the Oregon volunteers, and seemed deeply to regret the insufficiency of the available transportation animals belonging to the volunteer command, yet I am credibly informed he has reported to Gen'l. Wool that the war was commenced by the citizens of Oregon and that they consider the Treasury as a legitimate subject of public plunder and that Gen'l. Wool has reiterated the charge publicly again and again. We have a few vagabonds, not citizens, that are outlaws and refugees from justice, but probably in proportion to population, there are as few here as there are in Washington City, the metropolis of the nation. The great body of resident citizens of Oregon are as true, honest and as law-abiding citizens as any in America, who are now engaged in the war, and who believe the war to be a great national calamity, and who look upon Gen'l. Wool and Gen'l. Palmer as base slanderers and calumniators of their good name. Did the Supt. expect to plunder the Treasury of the U.S. himself, by advising a volunteer force to be called out, and by furnishing money to prosecute the war? Did he expect his own son to join the army and divide the plunder? Or did he do all this from a sense of duty, for the purpose of suppressing Indian hostilities , and to restore peace and happiness to his adopted country? If Gen'l. Palmer and Gen'l. Wool had been in the late battle of Walla Walla and seen with their own eyes the gallantry of the Oregon volunteers, we surely never should have heard of their traducing the good name of the Oregon volunteers. The truth is the good citizens of Oregon not only in this war, but in all our own Indian wars, have risen en masse from a sense of justice against the Indian for self-protection; without inquiring who should or would pay them, and they are truly unfortunate in having the commander of the U.S. forces taking sides with the enemy and refusing to prosecute the war. The sooner he is removed and the sooner the regular army take the field, the better for California, Oregon & Washington Territories, and the better for the U.S. Treasury. I was present at the commencement of the Rogue River War in 1853, and not one at the commencement expected a dollar for his service, nor did they expect to ask for pay, until after the arrival of the U.S. officers who advised over 200 men that were then in the field bearing arms in defense of their own lives and property, to be mustered into U.S. service and apply for pay. Their whole and sole object was to protect the settlements and punish a treacherous, perfidious and common enemy to the white race. The Cayuse War was long before my arrival in the Territory and before the U.S. had organized our territorial govt., and a variety of opinions exist here as to the cause of that war. Some contend the Indians killed Dr. Whitman & his whole family because he was unsuccessful as a physician among them; others that it was caused by undue influence of the Catholic missionaries and their deadly hostility to the Protestant religion, while the great body of the old settlers believe the war was caused by the great emigration across the plains to Oregon and by the officers and servants of the Hudson's Bay Co. teaching the Indians that the Americans were intruders upon the rights of the English and Indians, that the Americans would occupy their lands without remunerating them for the homes of their fathers; the Indians, thus foreseeing the natural encroachments of the whites, determined to meet the crisis and decide their fate by the force of arms. Our govt. did wrongly to encourage our citizens to emigrate to Oregon before purchasing the land of the natives. But this was done as far back as 1842, not for the purpose of doing injustice to the Indians, but to extinguish the pretended claim of England to Oregon. England, at the same time, was alive to her interests, and was giving her citizens great encouragement to settle and occupy the same country, and at the time of first American emigration across the plains to Oregon, there was a large Hudson's Bay settlement on the Willamette and Columbia rivers. Soon after our emigrants arrived here, there was a great rivalry between the English and Americans. The Cayuse War served to increase the natural antipathy of the Oregonians against the Hudson's Bay Company. and against the Indians. Dr. Whitman, a pious American Protestant missionary, his wife and children, and a large party of emigrants camped at his home, were barbarously murdered without cause or provocation. He had done more to Christianize and civilize the Indians than any other man in Oregon. He had taught them to plant, cultivate, reap and use corn, wheat and potatoes, which the Indians continued to raise in abundance up to the time of the commencement of the present war. He had taught some of them to read and write and several, from the fruits of his labors, are now better writers than I am. He and Mr. Spalding had translated the New Testament into the Nez Perce language, and many can read it to this day. In truth and in fact, Dr. Whitman was one of the best of missionaries and the "poor Indians'" best friend and greatest benefactor, yet he was the first white man that fell a victim to their treachery and barbarity. The emigrant men shared the same fate, but some of the women were taken prisoners and forced to become the unwilling wives of their bloodthirsty captors. The facts stand out in bold relief; the emigrants were not to blame. Dr. Whitman and his family were not to blame, yet the Americans had war, the English had peace, and notwithstanding the American settlements were very weak and needed assistance, the Hudson's Bay Co. was then opposed to the war, like Gen'l. Wool is now, and this powerful company then refused to assist the Oregonians and to prosecute the war. Gen'l. Wool has reported to the Secretary of War again and again that the regular army under his command was wholly inadequate to protect the settlements; yet he has always reported against the volunteers. He reported long ago that the company called out by orders of Gov. Davis in 1854 was unnecessary and that it was done for speculation. Yet [at] the same time he urges the department to send more forces to the Pacific and beautifully describes his district as extensive and "an empire within itself," but now in the midst of the most destructive war that has ever scourged Oregon, he says there are plenty of regulars, no war, no necessity for his command to leave their good, comfortable houses and take the field. It is true the enemy has not recently done any great damage, and they have been driven beyond the settlements by the volunteers, but unless they are pursued and whipped, they will return to the frontier settlement, and again massacre whole families. Gen'l. Palmer's & Wool's opposition will tend to prolong the war, increase the high prices, and prevent the speedy settlement and payment of the expenses of the war, but notwithstanding all this, the legislatures of Oregon and Washington have both determined to continue to bark like dogs at the heels of Wool, and vigorously prosecute the war to a successful termination. Washington is sparsely populated, but Oregon has wealth, resources, [and a] vigorous, hardy and large population. She has the very best material in America to prosecute an Indian war successfully. Civilization has always trampled over savage barbarity. So, in this instance, notwithstanding Wool's and Palmer's opposition, and notwithstanding at present the plow has to be abandoned for the rifle, and gloom and lowering clouds hang over the future destiny of Washington and Oregon, yet finally the savages will be compelled to sue for peace and the clouds of darkness will disappear and peace and happiness will be restored to the Pacific Coast. In relation to Peu-peu-mox-mox, I wrote you the full particulars of his death on the 20th of last month. At the time he was killed, I was untying a rope to tie him with to prevent him from making his escape. I saw it all with my own eyes, and I was within three feet of him when he breathed his last. He certainly was not I have just brought from the First Regiment of Volunteers on the Columbia River an express to the Gov. of Oregon. I came the whole route with only one man with me. Since my arrival in Oregon, my life has frequently been exposed, and the road before me is beset by hostile bands of roving, reckless savages, yet I am not afraid to go wherever duty calls me, regardless of consequences. B.
F. Dowell
Bancroft Library MSS P-A 25.
This version transcribed from the manuscript copy in Dowell's letter
book.Salem
O.T.
Dear Brother:Jan. 31st 1856 The only subjects of conversation at the capital of Oregon are the present Indian war, Genls. Wool and Palmer. Genl. Wool charges the whites with commencing the war for the purpose of plundering the Treasury of the United States, that the Governors of Oregon and Washington territories have called out volunteers unnecessarily, that the Oregonians had barbarously murdered Peu-peu-mox-mox, the head chief of the Walla Walla Indians, and every newspaper in these territories and the citizens generally have denounced Genl. Wool, and he in return calls the Oregonians like dogs barking at his heels. Genl. Wool has not condescended to visit the scene of hostilities, and the whole of the regular army, under his command, are now safely housed in their winter quarters, at the military post, within the settlements, while the volunteers are occupying Walla Walla Valley, poorly clad, and almost without tents and destitute of bread, upwards of a hundred and fifty miles beyond the white settlements. He either has bad advisors, or he is wholly ignorant of the numbers, resources, tact, intelligence and deadly hostility of our enemy, or he is a great Indian sympathizer and wholly regardless of the interest of Oregon and Washington territories. I have resided in Southern Oregon in the midst of the Indians for the last four years, and since my arrival in Oregon I have frequently traveled from one end of the settlements to the other, so I have had a good opportunity to know the causes of the war, and the strength of our enemies. I would be the last man to aid and assist to prosecute an unjust war, but I have been from the commencement, and am now actively engaged in this war. I verily believe that it is absolutely necessary it should be vigorously prosecuted to a successful termination. In Southern Oregon alone, upwards of thirty of our citizens were waylaid and barbarously murdered before the Oregonians organized a single company to chastise the Indians. A friend from Jackson County gave me a copy of a letter written by the Indian agent Ambrose to the Superintendent of Indian Affairs, which I enclose to you. This letter was written only eight days before the commencement of the war, from which you can form some idea how an Indian war is commenced, and you will see that the whites are not wholly to blame for our present difficulties. The most of the facts and circumstances detailed in this letter I know to be true, but I am of the opinion Limpy and George deceived the agent, and that they were hostile at the time his letter was written, for they refused to reside on the Indian reservation, and in eight days after they joined the Scotons and Shastas in open hostilities against the whites. I am as much opposed to extermination of the red race as Genl. Palmer or Genl. Wool, but the war is now being waged by our enemies against friend and foe, against innocent men, women and little children. These Indians must be taught the power of the Americans, and the utter folly for them to take up arms against us, and it is the imperative duty of Genl. Wool and every good citizen to aid and assist to do it, and to close the war. The Legislative Assembly yesterday passed unanimously a joint memorial condemning Genl. Wool for his inactivity and for trying to destroy the credit of Oregon, and the memorial politely asks the President of the United States to remove him from the command of the Pacific Division. In every war in which we have been engaged, from the Revolutionary War to the present time, there has always been a party--a small, narrow, contracted, contemptible party--against each war, and Genl. Wool has always opposed the volunteer force, but I believe this is the first time he or any other commander has kept the regular army inactive and out of the Indian country during the winter in time of an Indian war. A timid woman would have done better, for they are always patriotic and for their country, right or wrong. It is also said that Genl. Palmer, the Superintendent of Indian Affairs, has taken sides with Genl. Wool and our enemies, and the members of the Legislative Assembly have politely asked the President to remove him from office. How Genl. Palmer could report against the war I am at a loss to know, for the letter of the Agent Ambrose was directed to him, and doubtless was in his possession before the war commenced, and he to my own knowledge was present and advised Governor Curry to call out a thousand volunteers to march up the Columbia River to the relief of our citizens in the vicinity of the Dalles, and before the volunteers left the Willamette Valley he subscribed a hundred dollars to arm and equip the volunteers; he even advised his own son to join the Oregon volunteers and seemed deeply to regret the insufficiency of the available transportation animals belonging to the volunteer command; yet I am credibly informed he has reported to Genl. Wool that the war was commenced by the citizens of Oregon, and that they regard the treasury as a legitimate subject of public plunder, and that Genl. Wool has reiterated the charge publicly again and again. We have a few vagabonds, not citizens, that are outlaws and refugees from justice, but probably in proportion to population there are as few of them here as there are in Washington City, the metropolis of the nation. The great body of the resident citizens of Oregon are as true, honest and as law-abiding citizens as any in America, who are now engaged in the war, and who believe the war to be a great national calamity, and who look upon Genl. Wool and Genl. Palmer as base slanderers and calumniators of their good name. Did the Superintendent expect to plunder the Treasury of the United States himself by advising a volunteer force to be called out, and by furnishing money to prosecute the war? Did he expect for his own son to join the army and divide the plunder? Or did he do all this from a sense of duty, for the purpose of suppressing Indian hostilities, and to restore peace and happiness to his adopted country? If Genl. Palmer and General Wool had been in the late battle of Walla Walla and seen with their own eyes the gallantry of the Oregon volunteers, we surely never should have heard of their traducing the good name of the Oregon volunteers. The truth is the good citizens of Oregon not only in this war, but in all our own Indian wars have risen in mass from a sense of justice, against the Indians for self-protection, without inquiring who should or would pay them, and they are truly unfortunate in having the commander of the United States forces taking sides with the enemy and refusing to prosecute the war. The sooner he is removed and the sooner the regular army takes the field the better for California, Oregon and Washington territories, and the better for the United States Treasury. I was present at the commencement of the Rogue River War in 1853, and no one at the commencement expected a dollar for his services, nor did they intend to ask for pay, until after the arrival of the United States officers, who advised over two hundred men that were then in the field bearing arms in defense of their own lives and property, to be mustered into the service of the United States and apply for pay. Their whole and sole object was to protect the settlements and punish a treacherous, perfidious and common enemy to the white race. The Cayuse War was long before my arrival in the territory and before the United States had organized our territorial government, and a variety of opinions exist here as to the cause of that war. Some contend the Indians killed Dr. Whitman and his whole family because he was an unsuccessful physician among them, others that it was caused by undue influence of the Catholic missionaries and their deadly hostility to the Protestant religion, while the great body of the old settlers believe the war was caused by the great emigration across the plains to Oregon and by the officers and servants of the Hudson Bay Co. teaching the Indians that the Americans were intruders upon the rights of the English and Indians, that the Americans would occupy their lands without remunerating them for the homes of their fathers; the Indians thus foreseeing the natural encroachments of the whites [illegible] determined to meet the crisis and decide their fate by the force of arms. Our government did wrong to encourage her citizens to emigrate to Oregon before the government had purchased the land from the natives. But this was done as far back as 1842, not for the purpose of doing injustice to the Indians, but for the purpose of extinguishing the pretended claim of England to Oregon. England, at the same time, was alive to her interest, and she was giving her citizens great encouragement to settle and occupy the same country. At the time of the first American emigration across the plains to Oregon there was a large Hudson Bay settlement on the Willamette and Columbia rivers. Soon after our emigrants arrived here there was a great rivalry between the English and Americans. The Cayuse War served to increase the natural antipathy of the Oregonians against the Hudson Bay Company and against the Indians. Dr. Whitman, a pious American Protestant missionary, his wife and children and a large party of emigrants camped at his house were barbarously murdered, without cause and without provocation. He had done more to Christianize and civilize the Indians than any other man in Oregon. He had taught them to plant, cultivate, reap and use corn, wheat and potatoes, which these Indians continued to raise in abundance up to the time of the commencement of the present war. He had taught some of them to read and write, and several of them from the fruits of his labor are now better writers than I am. He and Mr. Spalding had translated the New Testament into the Nez Perce language, and many of them can read it to this day. In truth and in fact Dr. Whitman was one of the best of missionaries, and the "poor Indians'" best friend and greatest benefactor; yet he was the first white man that fell a victim to their treachery and barbarity. The emigrant men shared the same fate, but some of the women were taken prisoners and forced to become the unwilling wives of their bloodthirsty captors. The facts stand out in bold relief. The emigrants were not to blame. Dr. Whitman and his family were not to blame, yet the Americans had war, the English in the vicinity had peace, and notwithstanding the American settlements were very weak and needed assistance the Hudson Bay Company were then opposed to the war, like Genl. Wool is now, and this powerful company then refused to assist the Oregonians and to prosecute the war. Gen. Wool has reported to the Secretary of War again and again that the regular army under his command was wholly inadequate to protect the settlements, yet he has always reported against the volunteers. He reported long ago that the company called out by orders of Governor Davis in 1854 was unnecessary and that it was done for speculation. Yet at the same time he urges the department to send more forces to the Pacific, and beautifully describes his district as extensive and "an empire within itself"; but now in the midst of the most destructive war that has ever scourged Oregon he says there is plenty of regulars, no war, no necessity for volunteers and no necessity for his command to leave their good comfortable houses and take the field. It is true the enemy has not recently done any great damage, and they have been driven beyond the settlements by the volunteers, but unless they are pursued and whipped they will return to the frontier settlements, and again massacre whole families. Generals Palmer's and Wool's opposition will tend to prolong the war, increase the high prices, and prevent the speedy settlement and payment of the expenses of the war, but notwithstanding all this, the legislatures of Oregon and Washington have both determined to continue to bark like dogs at the heels of Wool, and vigorously prosecute the war to a successful termination. Washington is sparsely populated, but Oregon has wealth, resources, a vigorous, hardy and large population. She has the very best material in America to prosecute an Indian war successfully. Civilization has always trampled over savage barbarity. So, in this instance, notwithstanding Wool's and Palmer's opposition, and notwithstanding at present the plow has to be abandoned for the rifle and gloom and lowering clouds hang over the future destiny of Washington and Oregon, yet finally the savages will be compelled to sue for peace, and the clouds of darkness will disappear and peace and happiness will be restored to the Pacific Coast. In relation to Peu-peu-mox-mox, I wrote you the particulars of his death on the 25th of last month, which letter I hope you have received. At the time he was killed I was untying a rope to tie him with to prevent him from making his escape. I saw it all with my own eyes, and I was within three feet of him when he breathed his last. He certainly was not murdered but was killed by one of the guard while he was trying to take the gun of the other. According to the most rigid rules of civilized warfare, the guard was not to blame. Officers and soldiers have frequently been complimented for killing prisoners under similar circumstances. Doubtless it was the intention of Peu-peu-mox-mox and his comrades to get the guns of the guard and then make their escape. Even General Wool himself commends Major Haller and his men for killing an Indian prisoner, at Fort Boise in 1854, trying to make his escape from the regulars of the United States Army. The acts of the regulars, in the estimation of Genl. Wool, deserve commendation, but the same acts performed by volunteers only twelve months afterwards is bitterly called murder in the first degree. Peu-peu-mox-mox was a rich, proud, haughty, cunning, treacherous, bitter and dangerous enemy, and those who think the whites are wholly responsible for this war and that Indians can do no wrong may truly sympathize with the Indians and deeply regret his death. To those who prefer Negroes and Indians to whites, and a vast, howling wilderness inhabited only by coyotes, wolves, panthers and living beings in human shape more savage still, to beautiful cultivated fields, and large, flourishing commercial cities inhabited by intelligent, civilized man, have great cause to grieve over the loss of Peu-peu-mox-mox. But if the cultivation of the soil, and the cultivation of the arts and sciences, be the will of the maker of the heavens and earth, it may be just cause for the Oregonians to rejoice that this daring chief and champion of the savages attempted to escape and drew down destruction upon his own head. As for scalping and cutting off Peu-peu-mox-mox' ears, this is a relic of savage barbarism, which the Americans learned from the savages, and the practice is very common among the whites and Indians. I have no taste for such barbarity. The whites sometimes scalp the Indians before they are scarcely dead, and the Indians scalp all that fall into their hands. There are a few whites back in the volunteer and regular army who pride themselves upon showing such worthless trophies. The only excuse that is offered for such barbarity is the Indians would scalp you, and they will never bury, burn or touch an Indian that has his hair mutilated. If an Indian is killed and not scalped and the Indians get a chance they will remove the body as quick as a white man would, but if he is scalped you can always find the body afterwards. The Indians are superstitious and will not touch the mutilated dead body. I have just brought from the First Regiment of volunteers on the Columbia River an express to the Gov. of Oregon. I came the whole route with only one man with me. Since my arrival in Oregon my life has frequently been exposed, and the road before me is beset by hostile bands of roving, reckless savages, yet I am not afraid to go. I go wherever business and duty calls me, regardless of consequences. If I survive and see peace once more restored to Oregon I intend to return to my native Virginia. Write and give me all the news in Albemarle. Remember me kindly to my old college mate Ham Michler [Michier?] and my schoolmates generally. Yours affectionately
Samuel Dowell Esq.B. F. Dowell Stony Point Alb. Va. B. F. Dowell Papers, University of Oregon Special Collections Ax031 Jacksonville
Oregon
Sir:--April 4th 1856 Congress made an appropriation of fifteen thousand dollars in 1854 to pay the Indian spoliations during the Rogue River Indian War of 1853, and Ambrose the Indian agent and two other gentlemen were appointed commissioners to audit the claims soon afterwards, yet up to this time not a dollar has been paid the claimants. I wish to know the reason why these claims have not been paid, and when the claimants may expect to be paid. Would drafts drawn on the auditor by the claimants be paid like drafts drawn by contractors for services on mail routes? Yours
very respectfully
NARA Series M234, Letters
Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, Reel
609 Oregon
Superintendency 1856, frames 122-123.B. F. Dowell ANOTHER KILLING BY THE INDIANS OF ROGUE RIVER.--The Yreka Union of May 10th says that B. F. Dowell, who had just arrived at Yreka, from Rogue River, states that it was reported in Jacksonville, when Dowell left, that Mr. Harkness, one of the partners of the Grave Creek House, in company with Mr. Wagoner, of Jacksonville, O.T., was taking the express from Grave Creek to McAdams, down Rogue River, and that the Indians fired upon them, killing Mr. Harkness. One ball passed through the clothes of Mr. Wagoner, without, however, doing him any injury. Placer Herald, Auburn, California, May 24, 1856, page 3 WAR IN THE NORTH.--The Oregonian publishes a letter signed "Dowell," under date of July 6th, from the Dalles, in which the correspondent says: "Major Layton, commanding the Oregon volunteers, left this post on the 25th of June, intending to go and see some Indians that were reported to be in the vicinity of John Day's River. He took with him only seventy-five men, rank and file. An express arrived, yesterday, from his command, stating that he had found a large band of hostile Indians, numbering four or five hundred. He states in his dispatch that his little command is 'in a tight place,' and he desires more volunteers, and powder and lead. He says he is one hundred and thirty-five miles from this post, and within forty miles of Kamiakin's whole army. The Washington volunteers, commanded by Lieut. Colonel Benjamin F. Shaw, are on the north side of the Columbia River, opposite Fort Walla Walla; and those under command of Capt. Goff are on their way to Walla Walla. The whole of the regular troops are on the Naches or Yakima rivers, while the enemy is much nearer the settlements; therefore, they cannot relieve Major Layton. About fifteen volunteers will leave here, in a few hours, to join Major Layton's command; the Major is a brave, prudent, and gallant officer. He may be overpowered, but he will not be easily whipped. I leave with the party, to join Major Layton. More anon." San Joaquin Republican, Stockton, California, July 17, 1856, page 3 B. F. Dowell
Weekly
Oregonian, Portland, October 25, 1856, page 2WILL
leave for the Atlantic states about the 1st of November, and he will
return to Oregon next spring. Any business entrusted to his care and
left with Messrs. Maury & Davis at Jacksonville, Wm. C.
Griswold,
Salem, or Messrs. Failing & Co., Portland, O.T., will receive
prompt attention.
Particular attention will be paid to collecting claims against the government at Washington City. B. F. DOWELL,
Jacksonville, O.T., Oct. 1, 1856. (For
the Sentinel.)
Washington City,
Col. W. G. T'Vault--Dear Sir:--Notwithstanding
the press of business, according to promise I drop you a few lines.
Nothing has been done by this Congress for the benefit of Oregon. The
Black Republicans used every exertion to defeat every measure that they
thought would advance the interest and popularity of Gen. Lane. The
bill making appropriations to pay the expenses of the Oregon Indian
wars was objected to in the House by five majority. The bill to pay for
the Indian spoliations was killed in the committee. There was no vote
on the bill to pay the expenses of Captain Walker's company. Yet I am
bound to say Gen. Lane, I believe, did everything in his power to get
all of these bills passed, and that he did as much as any delegate
could do during this session of Congress. Gen. Wool has written volumes
against the good citizens of Oregon. He charges Gen. Lane, Gov. Stevens
and Gov. Curry with combining together to plunder the treasury of the
United States. However, it took California six or seven years to get
their Indian war debt assumed by Congress, and every member of Congress
that I have had any conversation with upon the subject admits that all
just claims of the expenses of the Oregon Indian war will be eventually
paid by Congress.March 4, 1857. A bill passed both houses last night making an appropriation of twenty-five thousand dollars to pay the expenses of surveying the ship canal route across the Isthmus of Darien somewhere in or near the Republic of Grenada. The probability is it will go up the Nicaraguan river. Gen. Joel Palmer denies having any intention of trying to get an office. He says he came here solely to get his accounts righted, but I think Gen. McCarver has fine hopes of getting an appointment soon. Yours, in great haste, B. F. D. Clipping from the Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, B. F. Dowell papers Ax031, University of Oregon Special Collections. No complete issue of this newspaper is known to survive. Washington City,
Sentinel:--Notwithstanding
the names of the hands employed by the quartermaster and medical
director in the Rogue River war do not appear upon the abstract of the
expenses of the war, the Secretary of War decided on the 25 ult. to pay
me eight dollars per day for my services and four dollars per day for
the use of my riding animal, that being the total amount claimed by me.
This decision will enable all the packers and hands in the Jacksonville
hospital to get the full amount of their wages, upon their making proof
of their services, prices &c., and the same reason which I gave
for
these claims not appearing upon the abstract of the expenses of the
war. Gen. Drew has done everything he can do towards getting the
packers paid, but Dr. Cleaveland died at St. Louis without making out
full records according to the requirements of the rules and regulations
of the Treasury Department. Therefore, the hospital hands will have to
be very particular in making out their proof, and the rules of the
Department require each claimant to present his own claim in person, or
by a legally authorized agent. If the proof is made out correctly,
there is no doubt of the payment, for the present Secretary, in
deciding my case, remarked that under a liberal act of Congress, like
the one to pay the expenses of the Rogue River war, that technical
rules of the Treasury Department should not prevent him from doing
justice. Gen. Lane acted in the triple capacity of commander, Delegate
and agent in prosecuting the claims in the Rogue River war, without
receiving a dollar from any individual for his services. I can assure
you he deserves great credit for his services--much more than the
citizens ever gave him for getting the great body of their claims paid
without expense. I have it from the best authority that he visited the
departments daily for months, pressing the settlement and payment of
the expenses of the Rogue River war of 1853. He did everything he could
to get Congress to assume the payment of the late war. Under these
circumstances, I am for him for delegate or Senator. With the
information I have, I would be delighted to see Hon. L. F. Grover
Representative, Col. Kelly and Gen. Lane Senators.May 15, 1857. Under our present circumstances, I verily believe they could and would do more good for Oregon than any other three men in Oregon. Next winter Gen. Wool's influence will be felt more in the Senate than in the House, but with the quick tact, energy and untiring industry of Col. Kelly and Gen. Lane they would get the approbation. And Mr. Grover's connection with the claim commissioners will give him invaluable information upon the subject, which will enable him to press claims through the departments, without expense to the claimants. Claim agents here charge from 10 to 25 percent upon the best of claims for their services before the Treasury Department. Therefore, the saving of this expense alone is no small item to the citizens of Oregon. By the time the commissioners make up their report, in my opinion, no one will be better acquainted with each and every account than Mr. Grover, and no one could or would explain them better to the accounting officers than he would. I can assure the claim holders that the labor in getting their money is not half performed even when Congress makes an appropriation to pay the whole expenses. I have been here pressing as just claims as any that ever was before the Treasury Department for more than two months, and, even now, two-thirds of the claims will have to be returned to Oregon for additional testimony. I have not seen an Oregon paper since Gen. Lane left. They are as scarce here as honest politicians. So I don't know what the Oregon politicians are doing. I am politically opposed to Black Republicanism, alias Negro-ism, in all its shapes and forms, but in other respects I am in favor of those representing Oregon in the next Congress who can and will do the most for Oregon, irrespective of old party issues and old party names, quarrels and fights. Therefore, my advice to each and every good citizen of Oregon is to send Mr. Grover, Col. Kelly and Gen. Lane here to represent them in the next Congress. There is an excited contest going on in Virginia relative to the distribution of the proceeds of the sales of public lands. Under the distribution acts of Congress there are at this time forty thousand dollars in the Treasury of the United States due Virginia, which she has refused to receive. Every other state in the Union have received their proportional part of the distribution fund. The election comes off on the 28th of this month. We will see if she loves money. I remain, very
respectfully,
Clipping from the Oregon Sentinel of
July 4, 1857, Jacksonville,
B. F. Dowell papers Ax031, University of Oregon Special Collections. Dowell
dated the clipping, but no copy of this newspaper is known to survive.Your obt. servt., B. F. DOWELL. Liberal Labor-Saving Operation.
Weekly
Oregonian, Portland,
July 25, 1857, page 2
We see by a late number of the Table
Rock Sentinel, published
at Jacksonville, O.T., by W. G. T'Vault, Esq., that one B. F. Dowell,
formerly a squeaking sort of a Whig, has saved the harmonious a
wonderful deal of trouble, by suggesting, selecting, NOMINATING
and
DECIDING that Jo Lane and Col. Kelly shall be the first U.S. Senators,
and L. F. Grover shall be the first Representative from the future
virgin state of Oregon in the Congress of the United States. Now this
is wondrous kind
and generous on
the part of Mr. Dowell, as it has saved the unwashed a vast
deal of "noise
and confusion,"
full of "sound
and fury signifying
nothing."
They have been spared the toil, trouble, perplexity, and responsibility of
deciding this all-important question.
It may save a vast deal of crimination and recrimination, besides expositions of the plans, plots, designs, and secret determinations of those who rule over us and all matters of public interest, decided in secret caucus at Salem. If the Standard, Times, Pacific Christian Advocate, Occidental Messenger, or Statesman should happen to protest against this volunteer aid on the part of Dowell in designating who among the unwashed of the Oregon Democracy shall put on the senatorial and official robes, which might cause a rupture among the faithful; then, and in that case, we propose that all be dumped out upon the Salem platform, so that each may take his chance for "office and spoils." In the meantime, we pray, or will try to induce, Bro. Pearne of the Pacific Christian Advocate to pray to the great head of the Democratic church that the disappointed and disconsolate may be imbued with a spirit of Democratic submission and Democratic patience, to await their allotted time. What Judge A, B, C, and D, or Gen. E, F, G, and H, together with Cols. I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, and T, and Majors U, V, W, X, Y, and Z may think of this arrangement is another question. Mr. Dowell and the Table Rock Sentinel, W. G. T'Vault its editor and proprietor, have foreordained that Gen. Joseph Lane and Col. Kelly should go to the United States Senate, and Mr. Grover shall be elected to the lower house. Therefore it is no use talking or making a muss about this trifling matter. Territory of Oregon ) Benton County ) ss. S. C. Alexander, aged thirty-two years, and B. P. Cardwell, age twenty-five years, both citizens of said county and territory aforesaid, make oath that in 1854 they were partners trading in the mines in Southern Oregon and Northern California under the firm and style of Alexander & Cardwell, and that about the 3rd of August, 1854, they arrived at Jacksonville with a load of flour and a few other supplies; that at the time C. S. Drew, the quartermaster and acting commissary of subsistence for Captain Jesse Walker's company, called on them to buy their whole cargo of flour for the use of said company; that the said Drew was anxious to buy, and before he left he offered these affiants forty cents per pound for two thousand or twenty-five hundred pounds of flour, and he offered to pledge the faith of the government for the payment of the same. Interest was very high, and we were of the opinion the demands against the government would not be paid in less than two years; therefore, we declined to furnish the flour at forty cents per pound. At the time we sold B. F. Dowell ten lash ropes and cinches weighing each four and a half pounds; ten swing ropes weighing about one and a half pounds each, making in all about sixty pounds; we also sold the said Dowell fifteen or sixteen saddle blankets. The above articles were sold to the said Dowell expressly to fulfill a contract he had with the said quartermaster and acting commissary; and we were informed and believe they were used up by the company. Such rope was selling in market for cash at the time at seventy-five cents per pound, and blankets were selling for cash at eight and ten dollars a pair; we were informed at the time that the said Dowell had hired to the said Drew a lot of pack animals and a few riding animals--the precise number we do not now recollect--because said Dowell had a pack train of his own and we sold him one good Spanish horse and nine pack mules to fulfill his contract. We have no interest in this claim whatever, nor in any of the claims against the government in 1854, because we make this affidavit at the request of said Dowell that justice may be done. S.
C. Alexander
Territory of Oregon )B. P. Cardwell Benton County ) ss. I hereby certify that the foregoing statement or affidavit was subscribed and sworn before me this ninth day of October in the year 1857, and I further certify that the persons subscribing the same are men of unquestionable veracity and that I have no interest in any claim against the U.S. government. In testimony of which I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of the U.S. District Court, day and year last above written. E.
J. Harding, Clerk
Oregon
Indian Wars vol. 3, B.
F. Dowell papers Ax031,
University of Oregon Special Collections. Related depositions by John
Anderson in the same volume were bound too tightly to transcribe.By T. H. B. Odeneal for said Benton County Territory of Oregon ) Benton County ) John H. Clifton, aged twenty-two years, a citizen of Corvallis in the said county and territory aforesaid, [states] upon his oath he is the identical J. H. Clifton that was a private in Captain Jesse Walker's company in 1854, and that he served in said company ninety-six days, and that he was enlisted at Jacksonville on the 3rd day of August 1854 and honorably discharged at Jacksonville on or about the 6th day of November 1854; that the charge of twenty dollars against this affiant in favor of B. F. Dowell, on Captain Walker's muster roll, was placed on the said roll at the request of the affiant and the said twenty dollars is justly due the said Dowell. Corvallis,
O.T. Oct. 8th 1854
WitnessHis mark X John H. Clifton [illegible] Thayer Territory of Oregon ) Benton County ) ss. I hereby certify that the foregoing statement or affidavit was made, subscribed & sworn to before me this 9th day of October 1857, and I verily believe that the person making the same is a man of veracity, and I further certify that I am not interested in this or any other claim against the U.S. government. Witness my hand and the seal of the U.S. District Court, affixed the date written. E.
J. Harding, Clerk
Oregon
Indian Wars vol. 3, B.
F. Dowell papers Ax031,
University of Oregon Special CollectionsBy T. H. B. Odeneal, Deputy Jacksonville Oregon
Genl. Joseph Lane--Sept. 20th 1858. Dear Sir: I received, by last mail, Mr Nicholas Klopfenstein's treasury warrant for seventy-nine dollars and ten cents for his spoliation claim of 1853. He requests me to say to you he is under many obligations to you for procuring it for him. You have secured his vote for life. He says it has been so long that he never expected to get a dollar. There is another subject that deeply interests me. I have reference to the expenses of Capt. Walker's company of 1854. I drew up a petition to Congress last fall, and had it left in Jacksonville with Mr. Burke to be signed by the claimants, and caused a notice to that effect to be published in the Sentinel. It was numerously signed and forwarded to you, but I have not heard whether you ever received the petition. I wish you to present it at the commencement of next Congress, if you did not present it last Congress. It will prevent members of Congress from opposing it on the ground of lapse of time without passing it, even if nothing is done but to refer the petition and documents to an appropriate committee. I think the committee at least would authorize the appointment of a commission to investigate these claims. If the same commission could be appointed it would be satisfactory to me, or if Mr. Grover goes out of the commission on the ground of his being a member of Congress, if Oregon should be admitted; then in that event I would be in favor of a new commission. As it is well known, Capt. Smith has spoke and wrote against the expedition. Capt. Engles has not been connected in Southern Oregon with the army in any way and I had as soon see him on the commission as any man in Oregon, and Mr. Gibbs, Judge Williams or any other good, sensible man that is unprejudiced would be very acceptable to me and I have no doubt they or any of them would give general satisfaction to the claimants. Write and let me know if you have received the petition, and if you presented it what was done with it. I am here practicing my profession, and I am willing to get you any documents that would assist you to get these claims paid off. I remain yours very
respectfully
Joseph Lane PapersB. F. Dowell
OREGON MARBLE.--By
the Jacksonville Sentinel,
we are led to believe that Oregon can boast of as
fine marble as that which is imported from the Atlantic States. It says:
"B. F. Dowell, Esq., has sent us a beautiful specimen of white marble, taken from a quarry about twenty miles from this place, and four miles southwest of Williamsburg in Josephine County, where there is a mountain of it, of all sizes and of all colors, from the common blue to the finest white Italian marble. A vein runs through the mountain, which is in sight at the top of the ground, about one hundred yards in width, and as wide as the piece sent us. A good wagon road runs within a mile of the quarry. Mr. Dowell left here on the 15th, with his team and four men, and returned in four days with a pure white block, six feet long, two and one-half feet wide and nine inches thick." Washington
D.C.
August [illegible]
1861
My dear GeneralYour interesting & welcome letters of the 11th & 24 June last were duly received & it is hardly necessary to say that I was delighted to receive them & thus know that your wound, which has afflicted you so much, has not prevented you from writing as well as ever. I most sincerely trust & pray that you will entirely recover from the wound & that the evening of your life may be so peaceful & tranquil as your earlier days have been useful, distinguished & honorable. Oh, if the politicians of our country possessed one tithe of your honesty, patriotism & practical sense, our unhappy country would not now lay prostrate, bleeding at every pore. The newspapers will give you all the particulars, &c. of the great battle of Bull Run in Va. when the Federal forces met with a most disastrous defeat. I had three brothers & nephew in that battle. The elder, who is the surgeon of the 8 Regt. of Virginia Infantry of the Confederate Army, the second a lieutenant of cavalry & the 3rd a private of the Loudoun Guard & my nephew the son of the surgeon also a private of the Loudoun Guard. I have not had a line from any of my relatives since the battle. The newspapers state that the Loudoun Guard were the first in the action & behaved most gallantly, that my nephew, after killing his man & about bayoneting another received a severe wound in the thigh from a musket ball, that the wound though severe was not considered mortal.[He was taken] from the battle field to [illegible] to Culpeper Court House, where he was doing well. As none of my brothers are mentioned in the papers as being either killed or wounded, I presume they passed through the fiery ordeal uninjured. The 8th Va. Regt., of which my eldest of the brothers is the surgeon, was in the hottest & thickest of the fight. I got from the post office your letter to W. B. Phillips giving the particulars of your accident. I called on Breckinridge & read him your letter to Phillips. He expressed his deep regret at your misfortune & his warm regard &c. for you. I have not collected one cent yet for you on the claims you left with me & I fear I never will. Williams made many promises but has done nothing. He has been appointed one of the judges of Nebraska by Lincoln & is as false & corrupt in my opinion as poor human nature can be. Bigger, who I believe is an honest man, will pay if he is ever able. He is here doing nothing & I suspect poor indeed in money. I send you the receipt of Revis for two dollars, the subscription for the Daily Globe for you & Solomon Fitzhugh. It is but a trifle & let it stand as it is, for it leaves me still your debtor for many acts of kindness which I have received at your hands which I shall ever remember with gratitude. My business in the Oregon war claims has proved almost an entire failure. I have not received a solitary claim from Washington Territory & only one claim from Oregon from Saml. T. McKean, the commission on which will not [pay] for my advertisements in the Oregon newspapers [but should] have made enough to make me comfortable & easy in my circumstances the remainder of my life. The Revolution has nearly broken up my business, & it will [take] all my efforts & energies to keep my head above water until the times get better which will not be until the Revolution is over & when that will be God only knows. From what you say, the times must be hard in Oregon, but it must be a land of plenty & comparatively with the times here a land of peace. If I was there with my family on a farm where I could get bread, milk & meat in plenty, I would be far happier, & easier in mind than I am here amid the surging billows of Revolution, not knowing where they may throw me, but with others stern fate keeps me here & I must trust in God & do the best I can under the trying circumstances. Never were crops of every description so abundant as they are now all over the United States. The wheat & oat crop here was better & more corn meal was made than will be this fall. Throughout this month we have had abundant rains & for the last two weeks we have [had] the most intensely hot weather I ever felt, never did the corn crops look more flourishing & the hay crop is most abundant & the grasses & pasture as green & flourishing as they can be. We have war, but thank God, so far no pestilence & there will be no famine here. Governor Stevens [is] pushing to obtain the nomination for Congress in Washington Territory, put back to Washington & appoint his enemies to Lincoln to fight the South for [illegible] for those principles for which he so sternly contended at Charleston [illegible] & during the last presidential canvass as chairman of the Breckinridge & Lane committee. The papers chronicle that he has been appointed by the President Col. of the Regiment which Cameron, brother of the Secretary of War, commanded at the Battle of Bull Run when he was killed. I understand that the regiment rebelled at the appointment & swear that they will not serve under him. I have not heard since whether he will act or not as the colonel of that regiment. I wrote to you some time since to learn what land warrants can be sold at in Oregon & if you could recommend some reliable & responsible man to whom I could send them for sale. I have not received an answer to that letter. Give my kind regards & best wishes to your good wife & all your family & Mrs. Edwards & Mac join me in the same. Tell Fayette I have never had the pleasure of receiving a letter from him, that I would be glad to do so. I hope I shall receive a letter from you every now & then as long as you live. You are one of the dearest & most valued friends on earth & if we shall never be permitted to meet again in this world of care, anxiety & trouble, it is my earnest prayer that we may strike hands on the shores of Canaan where parting will be no more forever. Yours
truly
Hon. Joseph [Lane][Benjamin F. Dowell] Joseph Lane Papers B. F. Dowell Declines.
Gentlemen:--I
have learned that, at the Democratic meeting held at Jacksonville on
the 5th inst., I was nominated as a candidate for state senator, and
your chairman handed me, a few days since, the resolutions which were
passed at the meeting:JACKSONVILLE,
OGN., April 18, '62.
To
the "Democratic Committee" of Jackson County, Oregon:As I cannot support the resolutions, I am compelled to decline the nomination. In my opinion, "the Republican Party" are not "wholly to blame for our present difficulties"; but the fanatical Abolition Party North and the Secession Nullification Party South are both to blame for the present war. In my judgment, no state has the constitutional right to peacefully secede from the Union without the consent of a majority of the other states of the Union, or without the consent of Congress. I have opposed Nullification, Abolition, Secession and Disunion, from a boy to the present time; and I intend to do it and to live in the Union and under the protection of the government and the Stars and Stripes of the United States as long as life shall last. I am politically opposed to many of the acts of the President and his appointees; yet I am for the government, and for the perpetuity of the Union and its constitutional republican institutions. The American people should submit to many wrongs and try to correct the evils at the ballot box before they resort to the force of arms and attempt to destroy the most free and the best government on earth. A good citizen should avoid doing any act which cannot benefit himself, and which he knows will irritate and annoy his neighbor. So in politics. The citizens of the United States, North and South, should obliterate party lines, and repeal the obnoxious laws and ordinances on both sides. Hoping that a spirit of conciliation and compromise may prevail; that the Fugitive Slave Law may be so faithfully executed; that the Personal Liberty bills North, and Secession laws and ordinances South, may be repealed so that peace, harmony and confidence may be restored; and that our Star Spangled Banner may soon wave triumphantly and peacefully through every county in our state, I have the honor to remain, Yours,
very respectfully,
J. N. T. Miller
and others, Committee.B. F. DOWELL. ----
Sensible to the last. We always believed that Mr. Dowell had a little
too much sense to be caught in a secession trap. Who comes next? There
still is room. There are a few more names on that ticket that ought to
come off, and then it would remain the genuine article. Our columns are
still open, gentlemen. Repentance is a good thing for the soul, and
renunciation, where there is no need of repentance, as in the cases of
Mr. Hoffman and Mr. Dowell, sometimes becomes a necessity. Secession
commenced with stealing forts and arsenals, navy yards and mints, and
now it busies itself in abortive attempts at filching the character
of Union men.--Jacksonville
Sentinel.Morning Oregonian, Portland, April 25, 1862, page 2 Married.
Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville,
October 25, 1862, page
3
In Jacksonville, at the residence of A. E. Rogers, Esq., on the evening
of October 24th, 1862, by the Rev. M. M. Stearns, B. F. DOWELL,
Esq., to Miss N. A. CAMPBELL; all of
Jacksonville.
"One more
unfortunate,
So our friend is gone--lost forever to the bachelor fraternity! We
noticed the door of his law office, as well as the veranda to the same,
was heavily draped in mourning on the day following his emigration to
the State of Matrimony. Honored as a citizen, generous as a friend,
successful as a lawyer, he has won his great case, and long may he live
to enjoy the fruits
of his success.Lonely and troubled, Rashly importunate, Went and got doubled." Born.
Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville,
August 12, 1863, page
2
In Jacksonville, on the 9th inst., to the wife of B. F. DOWELL,
Esq., a daughter.
RETURNED.--B. F. Dowell, Esq., has returned to his home from the supreme court, at Salem. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, October 7, 1863, page 2 A GOOD CHANCE.--Here is a rare chance--to spend your money. The sheriff has offered the Oregon Sentinel, press, type, etc., for sale, and if you wish to get rid of your money in a hurry, just buy it and continue the publication of the paper. According to a rough calculation, a number of enterprising Union men have expended within the last three years, in labor and cash, about five thousand dollars, over and above the income of the office, in order to run the paper. They now propose to let go and let some other man try it, if he wants to. We understand the paper will be continued under the auspices of Mr. Dowell. We would be glad to see him do so, and hope that he will be able to make it pay, and labor zealously for the election of Lincoln and Johnson. The subscription books and accounts of the Sentinel will remain in the hands of J. GASTON for settlement until further notice. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, July 2, 1864, page 8 B. F. Dowell purchased the Sentinel yesterday, at execution sale, and left immediately for Kerbyville on professional business. The paper will be continued, and support the Administration. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, July 9, 1864, page 3 B. F. Dowell, Esq., was too sleepy to be in time, or would have been on board the stage that was last in the Umpqua. Morning Oregonian, Portland, December 16, 1864, page 2 MILLER VS. T'VAULT.
EXPEDITION TO FIGHT THE EMIGRANTS.
Fay is still exercised about the case of Miller against T'Vault. Last
week his "leader" in the Reporter
was
on the subject. He throws up perjury against Col. T'Vault and rails at
Dowell for defending him--on the charge of perjury made nearly ten
years ago--and against Dowell's claim for supplies furnished the
volunteers of 1854. We would respectfully inform him, the Reporter, and
all who are inclined to violate law, that Dowell has quit defending
criminals, and now offers his services as prosecutor; also, that Hon.
P. P. Prim, who assisted in defending T'Vault, is now judge of this
judicial circuit, and that his aid cannot now be obtained in behalf of
criminals; therefore, all who are predisposed to violate law, like the Reporter
and its particular friends, had better be a little cautious or they
might not fare as well as Col. T'Vault did. You show that you have a
vindictive, wicked and depraved heart by taunting an old man with
perjury who has been honorably acquitted by an honest, good and
intelligent jury of his country nearly ten years ago. This is not all.
You well know the good people of this county applauded the verdict of
the jury by immediately afterwards electing him to the legislative
assembly of Oregon. The Legislature ratified and confirmed the justness
of the verdict of the jury and people by electing Col. T'Vault Speaker
of the House of Representatives at its first session after the charge
of perjury was made against him.
We are not the special defender of Col. T'Vault. T'Vault, Fay and Miller are all modern Democrats of the secesh order. We only wish to state facts and correct false impressions. God knows, T'Vault, as a modern Copperhead, has sins enough to answer for without being taunted with perjury. If the Copperheads have not used the Millers to kill off Col. T'Vault, still he has good cause to remember the Miller family. John F. Miller, who ran for governor of Oregon a few years ago, was foreman of the grand jury which found the indictment for perjury against Col. T'Vault. Now, his brother, J. N. T. Miller, sues T'Vault for the press, type and material at the Oregon Intelligencer, for the purpose of placing a newspaper in the hands of a reckless, vindictive youth to persecute an old man whose head is blossoming for the grave. It is fit and appropriate for such to burlesque the volunteers of 1854, and to call it an "expedition to fight the emigrants." This same John F. Miller was one of the first men that signed the roll of volunteers to protect the lives and property of the emigrants of 1854. After he signed the roll of volunteers, he electioneered for captain of the company, but was disgracefully beaten by his brother-in-law, Jesse Walker. When he could not be made captain of the company, he shamefully deserted he ranks and became one of the bitterest enemies of the expedition. From the day John F. Miller saw he was beaten for captain, he and all the pliable tools of the Democratic Party, such as Miller, Bush, Fay and Malone, have been opposed to the payment of the volunteers and the payment of their expenses in 1854. They are afraid to attack the volunteers directly, but they attack them and their interests, indirectly, by attacking the principal claims and the claim holders, and by burlesquing the expedition, calling it the "Expedition to Fight the Emigrants." This presents the payment not only of the claims, but the volunteers. It is impossible to get the volunteers paid without paying all just expenses. Hence to gratify their malice they call it the "Expedition to Fight the Emigrants." Fay says the claim of Dowell, for some $13,000, is too much for his party to stand. Dowell's claim is for transportation, and for the meat and bread which the volunteers and emigrants of 1854 ate. These volunteers were all regularly called into service by John W. Davis, then the governor of Oregon, and the just expenses and services of the volunteering are over fifty thousand dollars. We call upon the emigrants who ate the flour and meat, which was purchased with Dowell's money, to know if they will support men who willfully taunt an old, gray-headed man with perjury who has been honorably acquitted and who, also, burlesques those who have been your protectors against a ruthless, savage foe, and who supplied you with bread and meat when you were destitute and hungry. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville,
March 25, 1865, page
2
From a private letter we learn that B. F. Dowell left Portland on the steamer Brother Jonathan, which sailed on the 2nd inst. for Victoria. Mr. Dowell goes thence to the head of Fraser River on important professional business. He will return about the first of July. Oregon
Sentinel, Jacksonville, June 10, 1865, page
2
ABSQUATULATED.--Got up and dusted, or by some other means left the county, on or about the 2nd day of last month, one newspaper proprietor, solicitor and attorney at law, proctor in admiralty, prosecuting attorney of the First Judicial District of Oregon, etc. Said newspaper proprietor, solicitor, etc., etc., etc., is a young man, not exceeding fifty years of age, middle sized, somewhat bald, piccolo voice caused by bronchial infection in youth, had on, when he left, a pair of boots, legs not visible, being hid by his pants; he also wore a coat, hat and vest; he carried a watch, a bundle of bills for collection, a pocket knife, goose quill toothpick (He has better clothes at home); he does not carry spectacles nor wear a cane. When last heard from he was making his way through Her Majesty's dominions, in the direction of the North Pole, and it is thought if he don't hold up or get holed up he will eventually reach that interesting spot, where he will be pointed at by every compass on the terrestrial sphere. Should any person or persons see such an individual, they will please let him pass on, unless their name should appear among that bundle of bills for collection, in which case they had better buy the paper that contains it, for he is on the sell, and will give them a great deal of trouble if they don't, for he is a regular bore in a legal way, and ten chances to one will make it necessary for you to come to his terms at last. Oregon
Sentinel, Jacksonville, June 24, 1865, page
2
PERSONAL.--For the benefit of the many who have been seeking and inquiring after Mr. B. F. Dowell, we will say that he returned on Thursday last, after an absence of two and a half months. Mr. DOWELL says there are two more communications from Cariboo back yet. They will be published when they arrive. Oregon
Sentinel, Jacksonville, July 22, 1865, page
2
B. F. DOWELL of the Sentinel, Prosecuting Attorney of the Southern District of Oregon, has returned to Jackson County after an absence of two or three months spent in Washington Territory and British Columbia. Oregon State Journal, Eugene, July 29, 1865, page 3 Born.
To the wife of B. F. DOWELL, Esq., in
Jacksonville, on the 12th inst., a daughter.
Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, August 19, 1865, page 2 OFF TO SUPREME COURT.--B. F. Dowell left last Saturday for Salem, to attend the Supreme Court. There are only two cases at this time from Southern Oregon. Mr. Dowell is employed on both cases. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville,
September 9, 1865, page
2
PERSONAL.--B. F. Dowell, Esq., editor of the Jacksonville Sentinel, called upon us last evening. He has been absent from home about one month, visiting Walla Walla, attending to important law cases at that city and elsewhere. He will soon be ready to call at the Sentinel office. Morning Oregonian, Portland, October 9, 1865, page 2 Washington
D.C.
To the Commissioners of1st February 1867. Indian Affairs: About 8 or 9 years ago I made proof of a lost mule which was killed by the Rogue River Indians in the fall of 1855, and I filed the proof with John F. Miller, Indian agent at the time. Please furnish me with a copy of these affidavits and what action has been taken by the Department to secure the same and the reasons why the claim cannot be paid. Yours
very respectfully
B. F. Dowell NARA
Series M234 Letters
Received by
the Office of Indian Affairs 1824-81, Reel
615 Oregon Superintendency, 1866-1869, frames 389-390.
Washington
D.C.
N. G. Taylor9th April 1867. Commissioner of Indian Affairs: Sir: Enclosed I send you the claim of P. W. Stowe of $450 under the treaty with the Rogue River tribe of Indians made at the close of the war at Table Rock, Oregon in 1853. Please audit as soon as practicable, as I wish to start home to Oregon soon. Yours
very respectfully
B. F. Dowell NARA
Series M234 Letters
Received by
the Office of Indian Affairs 1824-81, Reel
615 Oregon Superintendency, 1866-1869, frames 391-392.
Letter from B. F. Dowell.
Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville,
May 18, 1867, page
2WAR CLAIMS.
Any person who has lost property in the Oregon and Washington Territory
Indian War of 1855-6 can get their claims paid by making the necessary
proof, according to the act of the 3rd of March, 1849. The following
joint resolution gives a construction to the act which makes it so
plain that it is thought no pettifogger in the Treasury or War
departments will disregard it. If he does, our members will all
immediately ask and demand his removal from office. The resolution is
in these words:
A resolution
declaring the meaning of the second section
of the act of the 2nd of March, 1861, relative to property lost in the military service.
Resolved by the
Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in
Congress assembled, That
section two of the act of Congress entitled "An Act to provide for the
expenses incurred by the Territories of Washington and Oregon in the
suppression of Indian hostilities therein, in the years eighteen
hundred and fifty-six," approved the second of March, eighteen hundred
and sixty-one, shall be so construed: that whenever any claimant for
lost property shall comply with all the terms and conditions of the
third of March, eighteen hundred and forty-nine, on the subject of
property lost in the military service, he, she or they shall be paid
the amount of the judgments in his, her, or their favor, entered by the
Third Auditor and certified by him as required by the last named act,
out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated.
Approved March 28, 1867. Up to this time, I have never received a cent for my pack train, which was captured on Wild Horse Creek, by the Indians in the spring of 1856. Up to this time they have refused even the hire, on the ground that I claimed for the hire and the loss. Under this resolution, I think I shall get pay for the hire, and recover the cash value of the mules at the time they entered the service, according to the act of 1849. If I collect my claims it will pave the way for the recovery of the claims of all others who can comply with the general law of 1849. B. F. Dowell, Esq., of Jacksonville, has gone to Galveston, Texas, to visit an ex-rebel brother. "Letter from Washington," Oregon State Journal, Eugene, Oregon, June 15, 1867, page 2 Washington
City D.C.
Commissioner of Indian Affairs8th July 1867. Washington D.C. Enclosed I send the claim of O. D. Hoxie for spoliations for the Indians in the Rogue River Indian War of 1853. Please audit as soon as practicable. Yours
very respectfully
B. F. Dowell NARA
Series M234 Letters
Received by
the Office of Indian Affairs 1824-81, Reel
615 Oregon Superintendency, 1866-1869, frames 393-394.
Department
of the Interior.
N. G. Taylor CommissionerOffice Indian Affairs. Washington, D.C. 27 July 1867 Dear Sir: Enclosed you will find the claim of James Leslie for improvements on the [reservation of the] Rogue River tribe of Indians known as Table Rock. It is for the sum of $300. Also a power of attorney to me to collect. Please audit &c. Yours
very respectfully
B. F. Dowell NARA
Series M234 Letters
Received by
the Office of Indian Affairs 1824-81, Reel
615 Oregon Superintendency, 1866-1869, frames 397-398.
Fred Lockley's Impressions:
Gen. M. M. McCarver, who crossed the plains to Oregon in 1843, built a
house near Oregon City from lumber shipped from Maine by a sailing
vessel which came around the Horn. The house is still standing and in
good condition. Gen. McCarver and Peter H. Burnett, also an immigrant
of 1843 and later the first American governor of California, founded
the town of Linnton, now a part of Portland. Gen. McCarver later
founded the town of Tacoma. Some time ago I purchased a collection of
old letters, among which was this interesting letter from Gen. McCarver
to Benjamin Franklin Dowell of Jacksonville, later of Portland. The
letter was dated October 23, 1867, and reads as follows:Old Letter Tells of 1855-56 Indian War Claims "Dear Sir: "What is the condition of this Lost Horse claim of the Yakima Indian war of 1855 and 1856? Are your efforts through Ohio representatives likely to cause the government to consider our claims? I see from the Jacksonville Sentinel that you are to remain at Washington City this winter. I hope you will post me as to the progress of the claims. "I have come to the conclusion that there was an intention on the part of Secretary Stanton to get rid of these other claims by refusing to take them up for consideration. I have written to Corbett and Williams, giving my reasons for these views. Malery said in a letter to James Steel of this place that after Corbett and Williams left, Stanton treated your appeals to him to consider these claims with contempt notwithstanding the joint resolution appropriating money for their payment. "I do not believe that Grant will do this and that when called upon by our delegation he will order them taken up at once. If this is not done before the meeting of our legislature, I want your assistance in the next legislature of Oregon and Washington to get a joint resolution passed requesting the President to see that the law is faithfully complied with. Ours is the only Indian war, indeed the only war of any kind, including the Revolutionary and the last rebellion, but what the soldiers received a bounty either in land or money. "I think our citizens are entitled to all the right that the most favored are, as far as I know. Couldn't you do something toward having our rights in this respect considered at this session of Congress? We conquered in that war and at less expense to the government than any previous Indian war on either side of the continent. It was the largest territory ever covered by an Indian war and had we been left one month longer, we would have wiped out or whipped into submission the Snake Indians, that have since killed more than their number of white women and children and men and cost the government five or six years' war. "Under the constant appeals for help without effect for relief for the citizens of Baker and other eastern counties, our Governor Woods has just gone to Baker and Union counties to beg the citizens there to be as quiet under the effects of the tomahawk and scalping knife as possible. He has no power to relieve them, having exhausted his powers since the legislature failed to provide for such contingency. Gen. Steel has exhausted his power in their protection and the folly of a governor attempting to call out soldiers for defense under the belief that the government will foot the bill has been settled by the way our claims for Yakima were paid. Patriotism and a desire to protect ourselves must alone prompt our citizens to this defense. Write me, if you please. "M. M. McCARVER.
"Hon. B. F. Dowell,"Washington City, D.C. "P.S. I wish you would see S. V. Niles, and if he can do nothing with the claims of Mrs. Capt. Absalom Hembree and Mrs. Jane Armstrong's claims for pension, take hold of them yourself and see what you can do with them. They were sent to him several years since and are on file at pension office. "M. M. Mc."
Oregon Journal, Portland, September 23, 1951, page 19THE WAR CLAIMS
for
lost property are all still unsettled. J. C. Roberts, one of the
auditing clerks in the Third Auditor's Office, has again suspended my
claim for the hire of my mules and their value, which were captured on
Wild Horse Creek, on the following grounds:
"The claimant states, verbally, that there was no written agreement between Quartermaster Drew and himself for the services of the mules and bell horse; claimant's affidavit containing this statement should be filed. He also states, verbally, that from and after the time they entered the service in February, 1856, that neither he or his agent had charge of the animals or control of them; and that all the packers and employees of the train were hired by the Territory. The affidavits of Thomas R. Cornelius, late Colonel of the Oregon Mounted Volunteers, showing these facts should also be filed." There may be some little apology for requiring my affidavits to these facts; but the affidavit of Colonel Cornelius to the latter part is a contemptible quibble, calculated to delay the settlement (and it may prevent justice being done) until there is another act of Congress on the subject. It is impossible for Colonel Cornelius to know I did not have a hundred secret agents; he is too smart to make any such affidavit. All he would state is who had charge of the mules, and that I had no agent to his knowledge. Colonel Cornelius had made an affidavit that I was not present at the time of the capture; and that they were captured without any fault or negligence of mine. This is all that is required by the acts of Congress, or by the rules of the Department. This is an extra requirement for my particular case. It may delay it indefinitely; but I intend to try the virtue of an appeal. All who have similar claims in Oregon may take warning and make out their cases stating all the facts and circumstances attending the contract and loss. There has been a disposition on the part of this office to continue, delay, and render Oregon claims worthless from the beginning of the war in 1855 to the present time. A great prejudice against Oregon claims has been caused by the false and lying reports of General Wool and Robert J. Atkinson--the former Third Auditor--which were made before any appropriation was made by Congress. Up to this time this clerk has, in nearly every case, disregarded that part of the act which allows the cash value of the property to be proven; and endless delays will follow unless some amendment is made to the law. I hired my pack train a dollar per day less for each animal than anyone else; but this appears only to retard its payment. However, I know the claim for hire and for the property lost to be just; and I intend for it to be paid; at least, I will prosecute it while I live, and if not paid in my lifetime I will bequeath it to my children, with the solemn injunction in the hour of death to fight the scoundrels who oppose its payment as long as they live. "Letter
from B. F. Dowell," Oregon
Sentinel, Jacksonville, December 7, 1867, page
1
INSECT WAR.--A hive of bees belonging to Mr. Dowell were attacked by a neighboring hive this week, and from appearances the hive assaulted were whipped, as we see great numbers of dead bees about the hive, as well as the remains of the honeycomb scattered about the premises. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville,
August 1, 1868, page
2
HOMEWARD BOUND.--Mr. Dowell's name is on the list of passengers that sailed from New York on the 24th inst. He may be expected to arrive here about the 24th of August. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville,
August 1, 1868, page
3
PERSONAL.--The steamer on which Mr. Dowell sailed is due in San Francisco today. He may be expected to arrive here Tuesday or Wednesday next. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, August 15, 1868, page 3 WAR CLAIMS OF B. F. DOWELL.--We take the following extract of the Washington correspondence of the Eugene State Journal: "Yesterday morning my esteemed friend, B. F. Dowell, Esq., left here for his home in Oregon, intending to sail from New York on the steamer of the 24th--day after tomorrow. He is out some twenty thousand dollars in gold, furnished to the government twelve or fourteen years ago, in the shape of supplies, mules, packing for volunteers, etc. But he has been unable to get his pay in currency, for gold and its equivalent furnished 14 years go, without interest, notwithstanding there is a plain law in Congress authorizing and requiring the Third Auditor of the Treasury to pay this and all similar claims. The understrapper in the Treasury have no more regard for law than Johnson has, and, like their master, they execute it or disregard it as best suits their interests or their caprice. They refuse to pay legal and just claims, and at the same time are stealing hundreds of thousands of dollars from the Treasury, as was proved a few weeks ago when a committee of the House of Representatives discovered that the clerks in one of the bureaus had been erasing the word 'slave' from the roll of colored regiments, and receiving $200 more than the law allowed on each name erased, amounting to hundreds of thousands of dollars in all, drawn fraudulently from the Treasury." Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, August 22, 1868, page 2 HOME AGAIN.--The many friends of B. F. Dowell, Esq., had the pleasure of greeting him on Monday morning after an absence of about twenty-one months. Mr. D. comes fresh from the great arena of political strife and from immediate contact with the great minds of the country. He expresses the firm belief that the electoral vote of New York will be cast for Grant and Colfax, and says their election is regarded in the East as a certainty. Mr. Dowell comes to stay and work for the interest of Southern Oregon, where his lot is cast, as he has done all winter, and he will be welcomed here as a live and bold advocate of the public interests. Many of his friends failed to recognize him, he having apparently grown younger. He will be happy to meet his friends and clients at his law office, where he can be found ready to attend to business. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, August 29, 1868, page 2 ON DUTY.--His Honor Judge Prim and B. F. Dowell Esq. left on Monday to attend the Supreme Court at Salem. The Judge will stay till the close of the term, and Mr. Dowell may be expected back in about a week. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, September 12, 1868, page 3 FIRE.--The house of B. F. Dowell caught fire on Thursday, about 10 o'clock a.m., and was rescued from the consuming element only by the most vigorous and well-directed efforts. The good people of Jacksonville cannot be too much praised for their promptness and success in extinguishing the fire. Mr. Dowell presents his thanks and his promise to reciprocate, should his assistance, unfortunately, at any time become necessary. The damage is estimated at $500. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, October 17, 1868, page 3 The house of B. F. Dowell, at Jacksonville, took fire last week and came near being destroyed. The fire was extinguished by the exertions of the citizens. Loss, $500. Morning Oregonian, Portland, October 21, 1868, page 2 FOR WASHINGTON.--B. F. Dowell Esq. started for Washington this morning. He goes to prosecute his claims against the government. If there are any claims against the United States that are founded in justice, it is these, and they should have been paid long since. It is hoped that he may succeed and return soon to take an active part in the progress of this section of Oregon where his lot is cast. A pleasant voyage and success to him. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville,
November 14, 1868, page
3
PETITION
To
the Honorable the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled:OF B. F. DOWELL AND OTHERS, ASKING PAY FOR TWO COMPANIES OF OREGON VOLUNTEERS AND THEIR EXPENSES. ---- The Snake Indians on the northern Oregon emigrant road and their allies the Modocs, Piutes and a portion of the Shasta Indians, who reside on the Southern Oregon Emigrant Road, have ever been very hostile against the whites, and the deadly hostilities of these Indians were particularly manifested in the early part of the summer of 1854 by a large body of them collecting together on the southern trail near Tule Lake, and by their stealing stock from the settlements in Southern Oregon, and taking a pack train, and killing two men on the Siskiyou Mountains [in September 1855], on the main road from Oregon to California; and soon afterwards by the indiscriminate massacre of men, women and children of a whole emigrant train on the northern Oregon emigrant road near Fort Base. To suppress these hostilities, in August, 1854, seventy-one men, rank and file, of the 9th Regiment of Oregon Militia, under the command of Captain Jesse Walker, were called into active service by Colonel John E. Ross, under orders from John W. Davis, then Governor of Oregon Territory, for the protection of the emigrants on the Southern Oregon emigrant trail. About the last of August, 37 volunteers, rank and file, under the command of Captain Nathan Olney, were called into active service by Major G. J. Rains, of the United States Army, commanding Fort Dalles, for the protection of the emigrants on the northern emigrant road. Captain Walker's company traveled the trail from Jacksonville to the Humboldt River, and up the Humboldt about sixty miles, making a distance of five or six hundred miles, and met the enemy several times in large numbers, whipped, dispersed and drove them from the trail, and returned to Jacksonville. Owing to the hostilities of the Indians no traders were stationed during the fall along the trail, and many of the emigrants were entirely destitute of bread. Detachments of Captain Walker's command accompanied every train through the hostile country, and they frequently furnished the indigent emigrants with the necessaries of life. Captain Olney's company traveled the road from Fort Dalles to beyond Fort Boise, a distance of about five hundred miles, and returned to the Dalles with the last of the emigration. The regular army in the vicinity was wholly unable to keep peace in the settlements, and both companies were actually necessary for the protection of American citizens. They did good service by feeding the destitute, and saving the lives and property of our best citizens from the ravages of hostile and bloodthirsty savages. Captain Walker's company was in the service ninety-six days; Captain Olney's company was in the service fifty-one days. The scarcity of United States troops, the hostilities of the Indians, and the necessity for volunteers to protect the emigrants between the Missouri River and California and Oregon, is clearly proven by the official reports of Major General John E. Wool, and the Secretary of War, and the special message of President Pierce, found in Senate Executive Document, Nos. 16 and 22 of the 2nd session of the 33rd Congress. The dreadful massacres and deadly hostilities of the Indians, and the immediate necessity of Captain Walker's and Captain Olney's companies, are proven by the combined evidence of General Wool, Major G. J. Rains, Colonel Mansfield, Inspector General of the United Slates Army, Hon. O. B. McFadden, Judge of the District Court, Hon. E. H. Cleaveland, Councilman-elect, Alexander McIntyre, legislative member-elect from Jackson County, Oregon, Colonel John E. Ross, Gov. John W. Davis, George L. Curry, Acting Governor of Oregon, Capt. Jesse Walker, and by the resolutions and memorials of the Legislative Assembly of Oregon, and the depositions of Hon. D. R. Calhoun, E. W. Conner, W. T. Kershaw, E. Steele and A. M. Rosborough. The two last, both Indian agents of Northern California, which is found in House Miscellaneous Document, No. 47, of the 2nd session of the 35th Congress. Also, the official reports of Joel Palmer, Superintendent of Indian Affairs of Oregon, and R. R. Thompson, Indian Agent for Middle Oregon, which are found in the Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs of 1854, pages 261, 262, 277, 278, 279, 280, 284. No volunteers of any State or Territory of the United States, who were regularly organized like these, have ever been so long neglected and unpaid as the Oregon Volunteers of 1854. Yet it is perfectly natural for you to inquire and to demand proof: 1st. Whether these volunteers were necessary. 2nd. Were the Indians hostile on both roads? 3rd. Did not the whites cause the Indians to be hostile, or why have not these expenses been paid long ago by Oregon or the United States? We propose to furnish the proof, and answer fully and satisfactorily these questions from the records of the country. On the 28th day of February, 1854, Major General John E. Wool, commanding the District of the Pacific, reports to the Adjutant General that "An increase of force to guard against difficulties with the Indians in California, Utah, Oregon and Washington is indispensable. We have now about 1,000 troops, daily diminishing by discharges and desertions. These are distributed over an immense territory in small commands. The number is wholly inadequate to give protection to either whites or Indians." Senate Executive Documents No. 16, 2nd Session 33rd Congress, page 11. On the 81st day of March, 1854, General Wool reports to General Scott: "We have now less than one thousand men to guard and defend California, Oregon, Washington and Utah, altogether in size an empire of itself. A larger military force is indispensable." Id.
51.
The
Secretary of War, under date of April 14th, 1854, replies to
General Wool in these words:"Your knowledge of the numerical strength of the army, and the demand for troops upon the frontiers, could only in the contingency of an increase of the army by an act of Congress permit you to hope for a larger force. No such increase has yet been made." Id.
52.
On the
30th of May, 1854, General Wool replies to the Secretary of War:"In urging, in my communication of February 28th, that the troops be sent to California, my object was simply to apprise you, as well as the General-in-Chief, of the necessity of sending troops as soon as practicable, in order that the peace and quiet of the country might be preserved, which is almost daily threatened by the whites and Indians coming into contact with each other." Id.
66.
On the
18th day of August, 1854, a few days after Captain Walker's
company was organized, the Secretary of War censures General Wool in
this language:"You again refer to your oft-repeated requisitions for more troops, and notwithstanding my letter of the 14th of April was sufficiently full and explicit on this point, and although you admit that you could not expect any more regiments until an increase of the army by an act of Congress, you permit yourself to censure the Department for not sending you a certain number of recruits, which, you remark, you 'might have at least expected,' when you could not, by any possibility, know whether the Department had that particular number, or, indeed, any number at its disposal. * * * It would but add to the difficulty to send additional troops to your command, so long as you entertain the opinion that troops cannot be posted in the field except at places where barracks are prepared for their accommodation." Id.
99.
General
Wool, in a letter to Adjutant General Thomas, dated
September 14th, 1854, says:"In reply to a communication to Captain A. J. Smith, first dragoons, commanding Fort Lane, in which I called his attention to apprehended difficulties with the immigrants and the Indians, near Goose Lake, he informs me that all necessary measures have been taken in that quarter, and that he is on the alert to prevent disturbances. "It seems a company of' volunteers has been mustered into service, by the authority of the Governor of Oregon. "Reports from Major G. J. Rains, 4th Infantry, commanding Fort Dalles, O.T. informed me that on August 20th the emigrants en route for the west were attacked on Boise River, a branch of the Snake River, and eight men killed, and four women and five children carried away captive with all their property. " 'Assistance was asked for by the Indian Agent (Mr. R. R. Thompson) and others, and I (Major Rains) dispatched Brevet Major Haller, Lieutenant McFeely and Assistant Surgeon Suckly, with 26 soldiers, to the scene of the difficulty. Major Haller left August 30, and since, a company of volunteers having offered, 30 strong, their services were accepted and they were furnished with arms, horses, ammunition and rations, and left here [Fort Dalles] yesterday, August 31st.' Col. Mansfield, Inspector General, happened to be at Fort Dalles when the information arrived there. He writes from Fort Vancouver the 4th instant that Major Rains has acted promptly and efficiently. He was able to mount all the infantry and volunteers, and Colonel Bonneville has sent the artillery company from this post to Fort Dalles. No further steps need now be taken as to movement of troops at this season of the year, till further developments." Senate Executive Documents, No. 16, 2nd Session 33rd Congress, page 104. On the 23rd of October, 1854, General Wool, in a letter to the Adjutant General, while commenting on establishing a military post at Fort Boise, says: "I would prefer a company of dragoons to traverse the country in the neighborhood of Fort Boise, during the summer, and at the approach of winter to return to the Dalles and remain until spring. I have now three companies of dragoons, but with broken-down horses which are wholly unfit for distant service. To supply these companies with effective horses, such as the service requires, would cost in this country a very large sum. Each horse fit for service would cost from three to five hundred dollars." Id.
115.
Mounted
volunteers or dragoons are the only kinds of force that can
subdue Indians. This shows that as late as the 23rd of October, 1854,
the Pacific Coast was destitute of any regular forces fit to
traverse the plains and give protection to the emigrants. General Wool
had but three
companies of dragoons for the whole Pacific Coast, and their horses were wholly
unfit for service.Under date of the 13th of December, 1854, the Secretary of War reviews the various reports of General Wool, and then sums up General Wool's claims for preserving the peace on the Pacific, thus: "It would surely be very gratifying to me could I acknowledge your claim for having preserved peace in the Indian country, but to do this I should have to forget not only the outrages you yourself have reported, but others equal in atrocity to any that took place during the time of your predecessors." Id.
127
After the
Oregon volunteers were discharged, on the 15th day of
January, 1855, the Secretary of War reports to the President the
scarcity
of troops, and the pressing necessity for an increase of the army, in
these words: "In the annual report from this Department, of December, 1853, your attention was called to the state of the western Indian tribes, and the causes which tended to bring them into hostility with our citizens The exposed condition of the settlements on the frontiers, and of emigrants to California and Oregon passing through the Indian country with their property, presented to those warlike and predatory tribes temptations which it was foreseen would lead them to acts of massacre and plunder, unless they were restrained by the presence of a sufficient military force. The total inadequacy of the present authorized military force for the protection of our citizens was shown, and an increase of the army was urgently recommended. Had the increase of the army which was urged in my report been at an early day authorized, the force at the disposal of the department would have been sufficient to prevent these combinations, and in all probability would have preserved the lives of many valuable citizens from Indian massacre. This measure, however, has not been acted on. The only course now left to the department in anticipation of the proposed increase is the employment of volunteers to cooperate with such of the regular troops as can be collected for the present emergency, and it is accordingly recommended that authority be asked of Congress to call into service three thousand (3,000) mounted volunteers, to be organized into companies, squadrons, and to serve for a period of eighteen months, unless sooner discharged." On the 16th of January, 1855, President Pierce sent this letter of the Secretary of War to Congress, and urgently recommended its adoption. Said he: "The employment of volunteer troops, as suggested by the Secretary, seems to afford the only practicable means of providing for the present emergency." Senate
Ex. Doc. No. 22, 2nd Session 33rd Congress, pages 1 and
2.
Thus, it
will be seen the Secretary of War and the President of the
United Stales urgently pressed upon Congress to increase the regular
army to give more protection to the Pacific Coast, from December,
1853, to the 10th of January, 1855, and even at the last date
they
earnestly recommended authority to call out three thousand volunteers
to protect the emigration and to keep peace with the Indians between
Missouri and Oregon.During the year 1854, the regular army to guard and keep the peace on the whole of our Pacific possessions numbered less than a thousand men. A poor, pitiful little army to guard so rich, so lovely and so desirable a country as the Pacific division of our vast national domain. On the 7th day of July, 1854, Hon. C. S. Drew, Quartermaster General, of Oregon, reports to Hon. John W. Davis, Governor of Oregon, that "The Applegate, Klamath, Shasta and Scott Valley tribes have left their usual haunts and gone into the mountains in the direction of the Modoc country, with the avowed determination of joining with the several tribes in that vicinity for the purpose of getting redress for real or imaginary wrongs from any or all citizens who may fall within their grasp." House Misc. Doc. No. 47, 2nd Session 35th Congress, page 3. In this opinion Hon. E. H. Cleaveland, councilman-elect; Hon. Alexander McIntyre, legislative member-elect, from Jackson County, Oregon; Hon. O. B. McFadden, Judge of the district court, and Colonel John E. Ross, all concurred and joined in recommending calling out volunteers. Id.
5.
On the 6th
of November, 1854, Captain Walker in his report to Colonel Ross says:"The Piutes in the vicinity of the Sierra Nevada Mountains are hostile, brave and very numerous. It will take a large force to conquer them." Id.
14.
On the
18th and 20th of September, 1854, Governor George L. Curry
writes to Hon. Joseph Lane, Delegate from Oregon Territory, in these
words:"I enclose herewith a 'slip' containing an authentic account of the massacre of a portion of the immigration to this country in the vicinity of Fort Boise, by a band of Snake Indians The writer, Mr. Orlando Humason, whom you well know, is a gentleman of the highest integrity, and his statements may be relied upon implicitly. "The news of this distressing occurrence has occasioned deep feelings in the hearts of the community. "A United States force, under the command of Major Haller, of the 4th Infantry, and one company of volunteers, commanded by Nathan Olney, Esq., are now in pursuit of the murderers, having engaged in the expedition upon the reception of the news at the Dalles, with a promptitude the most gratifying and commendable. "It is very much to be hoped that it may be in the power of the authorities to inflict upon the perpetrators of this great outrage the punishment they so richly merit. "You will do me a personal favor, and your constituents a great service, by calling the attention of the Department of War to the fact of the necessity of the establishment of a garrison or military post at or near Fort Boise. Were it only kept up during the summer and fall months, while the immigrants are on the road, it would be of incalculable benefit in keeping in check the propensities of the Indians to robbery and violence. * * * "Other acts of violence have been committed by the Indians on other trails in this Territory. A company of volunteers, under orders from Governor Davis, made an excursion on the south route to meet the immigration and protect it from apprehended danger. A small detachment of this command was attacked by a large body of Indians, in ambush on both sides of the road, near the sink of Lost River. On the middle or new route, coming in, as you remember, from Malheur into Lane County, a Mr. Turner's party was attacked and one man was killed--young Stewart of Corvallis. I cannot but deplore the necessity that demands the enforcement of measures involving such an expenditure of money. But I beg to assure you that the greatest care will be exercised and the most rigid economy practiced in the contracting of liabilities. So long as the people of Oregon are left to protect themselves, to punish Indian depredations, and repel Indian hostilities, the expenses incident thereto ought cheerfully to be paid by Congress, as I have no doubt but that they will be." Id.
8, 9 and 10.
Hon. D. R.
Calhoun, E. W. Conner, W. T. Kershaw, Judge A. M.
Rosborough, and E. Steele (the two latter were both late Indian agents
of Northern California) all state that they knew the character of the
Indians on the Southern Oregon emigrant road in 1854, and that these
Indians were
very hostile at that time, and that an armed volunteer force was
absolutely necessary for the protection of the emigration. Id.
34 to 54.
"In June,
1854," says A. M. Rosborough, Indian Agent, "I was informed by
several chiefs of the Scott's and Shasta valley tribes that runners
had been sent to their tribes to summon them to a general war council,
to be held at a point on the
Klamath called Horse Creek. I consulted with Lieutenant J. C.
Bonnycastle, United
States army, then stationed at Fort Jones. He and myself concurred in
the propriety of
advising the chiefs who had reported the movement to attend the war
council and report to
us the whole proceedings. The chiefs returned from the council and
reported the tribes
of Illinois River, Rogue River and the upper Klamath River, and their
tribes represented
in the council, and all but themselves [the chiefs that had reported
the movement to me]
were for combining and commencing in concert an indiscriminate
slaughter of the whites.
They reported that they were first importuned to join in the attack,
and when
they refused again and again, they were threatened by the other tribes
with extermination;
upon which they withdrew and the council broke up in a row." Id.
53.
Hon, Nathaniel Ford, Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs, on
the 3rd of February, 1858, reported to the Legislature of Oregon the
names of persons killed by these Indians, from which it will be seen
that prior to 1851, upwards of fifty citizens were murdered by Oregon
Indians, and since 1851 up to the date of this report, upwards of one
hundred
and forty citizens have been murdered by the Indians of Southern Oregon
and their immediate allies, and about fifty by the Indians of Northern
Oregon and their allies. Id.
57.
For a more
detailed statement of the deadly hostilities of these
Indians, and the absolute necessity for the volunteers of 1854, we
respectfully
refer to the resolutions of the Legislature of Oregon, found published
in the proceedings of the 2nd Session of the 35th Congress.House Miscellaneous Document No. 47, pages 25 to 30, and 60, and Senate Miscellaneous Document No. 59, and particularly to the Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, of 1854, pages 262, 277 and 278. Under date of September 11, 1864, Joel Palmer, the Superintendent of Indian Affairs of Oregon, in speaking of the Indians on the northern emigrant road, says: "It would appear absolutely necessary to detail a company of mounted men each year to scour the country between Grand Ronde and Fort Hall during the transit of the emigration. Official information has been received that an emigrant train has been cut off this season by these savages; eight men have been murdered, and four women, and a number of children taken captive, to endure suffering and linger out an existence more terrible than death. Of this party a lad, wounded and left for dead by the Indians, alone survives. Other trains may meet a similar fate, and none left to tell the tale. "East of the Cascade Mountains, and south of the 44th parallel, is a country not attached particularly to any agency. That portion of the eastern base of this range extending twenty-five or thirty miles east, and south to the California line, is the country of the Klamath Indians. "East of this tribe, along our southern boundary, and extending some distance into California, is a tribe known as the Modocs. They speak the same language as the Klamaths. East of these again, but extending farther south, are the Moetwas. These two last-named tribes have always evinced a deadly hatred to the whites, and have probably committed more outrages than any other interior tribe. The Modocs boast, the Klamaths told me, of having, within the last four years, murdered thirty-six whites. "East of these tribes, and extending to our eastern limits, are the Shoshones, Snakes or Diggers. Little is known of their numbers or history. They are cowardly, but often attack weaker parties, and never fail to avail themselves of a favorable opportunity for plunder." Report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1844, page 262. R. R. Thompson, Indian Agent, to Joel Palmer, Superintendent: Grand
Ronde, September 3rd, 1854.
"Sir:
Additional news from Fort Boise confirms our worst fears. The
women and children spoken of as captives in the hands of the Indians
have been
murdered in the most cruel manner. "The facts, as I have been able to gather them, are that on Sunday, the 20th of August, 1854, about noon, thirty Indians came up to Mr. Ward's train from Missouri, which consisted of five wagons. One of the Indians took hold of a horse belonging to the company, and was in the act of taking him off, but was prevented by one of the whites; the Indian thereupon leveled his gun and cocked it, but before be had time to fire the white man shot him with a revolver. The fight then continued until all the men were killed or wounded. "A short time alter the fight a Mr. Yantis and six others, who had returned from an advanced train in search of a cow, came upon the Indians while plundering the wagons, and attempted the rescue of the women and children who were then alive, in which attempt a lad by the name of Amens was killed. This young man is said to have fought bravely; he was seventeen years of age, and was from Missouri. "Finding the Indians greatly superior in numbers, and but a portion of the company disposed to fight, they were compelled to abandon the captives to their fate. "When they returned to the place where the wagons were attacked they found Newton Ward, a boy of thirteen or fourteen years of age, wounded, and brought him off; he is still alive and expected to recover. Mr. Yantis dispatched a messenger to the other trains in advance of him, informing them of the massacre. Messrs. Noble and Humason, with a promptness and energy deserving of great praise, left their trains, and taking what men they could spare, returned to Fort Boise the same evening, where Mr. Yantis was encamped. Notwithstanding their earnest solicitations, they could not induce the party to proceed till morning. This was the 22nd. Their force was eighteen men. "On arriving at the place where the attack was made, they found the bodies of Elezander Ward, his son Robert, Samuel Mulligan, Charles Adams, Mr. Babcock, and a German, name unknown; about a quarter of a mile from this point the bodies of Dr. Adams, a German and a Canadian Frenchman, name unknown. The latter was a packer who had come up a short time before the attack. Following the trail about three hundred yards farther on the body of Miss Ward, 18 years of age, was found, having been shot through the head with a musket ball; her person was much bruised. She had evidently fought with desperation in resisting the attacks of the savages to accomplish their hellish purposes upon her youthful person. A piece of hot iron had been thrust in her private parts, doubtless while alive. Some distance from here they found the body of Mrs. White. * * * She was stripped of her clothing, scalped, shot through the head, and the skull beaten in with clubs; her person showed signs of their most brutal violence. A quarter of a mile further on they discovered where the Indians had been encamped; it consisted of sixteen lodges. Here were found the bodies of Mrs. Ward and her three children; her body stripped of its covering and much cut and scarred; a wound on the face, inflicted by a tomahawk, probably caused her death. The children were found lying on the fire, having been burnt to death, and the mother no doubt compelled to witness the horrid tragedy. "What renders this case still more shocking, Mrs. Ward was pregnant, and would have soon been confined. Several parts of the limbs were picked up some distance from the fire. There were still a lad and three children missing. The boy has since come into Fort Boise, having been wounded in the side with an arrow: he fled to the bushes and was four days in getting to the fort, during which time he was without food. The arrow passed through the body; the boy in his endeavor to draw it out broke it off at both ends, leaving about four inches in the body, which was extracted at the fort; it is thought he will recover. His name is William Ward. Sixteen bodies were found and buried; three children were not found, but supposed to have been killed. "The amount of property taken was five wagons, forty-one head of cattle, five horses, and about $2,000 or $3,000 in money, besides guns, pistols, &c. This occurred on the south side of Boise River, twenty-five miles east of Fort Boise. * * * "There is a rumor that three men were killed at a place known as the Kansas Prairie, about seventy miles from Fort Boise, on the new road from Fort Hall, known as Jeffer's road; it is said that it occurred on the 18th of August. It lacks confirmation, yet I fear it is true. "From what I can learn there is a determination on the part of the Snakes to kill and rob all who shall fall into their power. They say that the Americans have been continually telling them that unless they ceased their depredations, an army would come and destroy them; but that no such thing has been done; and that the Americans are afraid of them; and say if we wish to fight them to come on. * * * Very
respectfully your obedient servant,
Joel Palmer, Esq.. R. R. THOMPSON, Indian Agent, Middle Oregon. Superintendent Indian Affairs, Dayton, O.T." Report Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1854, page 218. R. R. Thompson, Indian Agent, to Joel Palmer, Superintendent of Oregon Indian Affairs. Grand
Ronde, Sept. 6th, 1854.
"Sir: The
murder of the three men referred to in my communication
of the 3rd inst. is fully confirmed. It occurred on the 19th ult.,
about 95 miles east from
Fort Boise, on the Jeffers road. The train consisted of five wagons,
under command of
Moses Kirkland, from Louisiana. They were met by eleven
Indians, who
accosted
them in the most friendly manner by shaking hands. Three men who were
in the rear of the
wagons, after speaking to the Indians, turned to go on and were fired
at, one
killed, another wounded. The wounded man has since died. Their names
were George Lake
and Walter G. Perry. They were from Iowa. Both left families, who are
now on
their way to Washington Territory. The whites fired and killed two of
the Indians.
The Indians now retired to a distance, still continuing their fire. At
the distance
of three hundred yards they wounded a young man from Illinois by the
name of E. B.
Cantrel, who died from his wounds several days afterwards. The whites
in their fright
gave up their horses, five in number, upon which the Indians retired."I am now waiting for a detachment of United States troops, who are expected here this evening, and will go on with them to the Snake country. The only good a small force can do at this time will be to protect the late immigration. "Very
respectfully, your obedient servant.
Joel Palmer, Esq.. Superintendent Indian
Affairs, Dayton, O.T."R. R. THOMPSON. Indian Agent, Middle Oregon. Report Commissioner Indian Affairs, for 1854, page 280. Having shown the scarcity of U.S. troops, and the deadly hostilities of the Indians, in the next place we propose to answer the question why Oregon, nor the United States, has not paid for the services of these volunteers? The order of Governor Davis to Colonel Ross, under which Captain Walker's company was organized, required that volunteers and citizens who furnished the supplies should look to the general government for pay. Said he: "I am aware of the many embarrassments under which you will labor. * * * To raise such a command without a single dollar to defray expenses, you will be compelled to rely upon the liberality and patriotism of our fellow citizens, who, in turn, will be compelled to rely upon the justness of the general government for their compensation." We are informed that Major Rains, of the U.S. army, who organized and received into service Captain Olney's company, verbally told the volunteers the same in substance. Gov. Davis and Major Rains were both officers of the United States. Both were nominated to office by the President of the United States, and both were confirmed by the Senate, and an act of Congress made the Governor of Oregon Territory the Commander-in-Chief of the Oregon Militia. Oregon at this time was a Territory, and not a State, therefore, she had no voice in conferring the office on the Governor, or Major Rains. General Wool not only approves the acts of the Governor, but he applauds the promptness in raising volunteers to chastise the Indians for the murder of the Ward family. Again, it is the duty of the United States to pay the expenses of the protection of the lives and property of her citizens wherever dispersed around the globe. Under these facts the volunteers nor claimants never asked Oregon to assume these liabilities, but every Legislative Assembly of the Territory memorialized Congress to remunerate her citizens and pay these expenses. House Misc. Doc. No. 47, 2nd session, 35th Congress, pages 7, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, and 60. The papers containing a statement of the expenses of these two companies, and the muster rolls, did not reach Washington City until after the adjournment of Congress on the 4th of March, 1855. The Oregon and Washington Indian War followed in the fall of 1855, and upwards of thirty volunteer companies were engaged in this war. The Governors of Oregon and Washington Territories differed with General Wool as to the mode and manner of prosecuting the war of 1855. The Governors were in favor of a vigorous prosecution of the war of 1855-6. General Wool refused to prosecute the war during the early part of the winter. They denounced each other like bitter partisan editors of newspapers. The whole expenses of the volunteers of both territories, and their pay, became involved in the bitter feud between their Governors and General Wool, so it took Gen. Lane and the Delegate from Washington Territory both upwards of five years to explain these differences, and to get Congress to appropriate two millions eight hundred thousand dollars to pay the expenses of the war of 1855. This act passed Congress on the 2nd day of March, 1861, just before the commencement of the rebellion. Since that time no one asked Congress to pay the volunteers of 1854, until Mr. Henderson some time during the summer of 1866 introduced a bill, which failed in the press of business at the close of the session. Mr. Mallory also, in the summer of 1868, introduced a bill in the House which was referred to the Committee on Military Affairs, who instructed Hon. Henry D. Washborn, one of the Committee, to report the bill favorably, providing for the payment of these expenses. The bill was amended and prepared by Mr. Washborn, and it remained in his hands, ready to report one or two weeks before the adjournment of the last Congress, but owing to the press of other business Mr. Washborn could not get the floor to make the report. Thus the business has been twice delayed for want of time. Another great reason why these volunteers have not been paid by Congress is that the members have confounded our little war of 1854 with the great Indian war of 1855-6, and the bitter feud which grew out of the latter war between General Wool and the Governors of Oregon and Washington Territories. This little war has so far been wholly eclipsed by the great Indian war of 1855-6. They really have nothing whatever to do with each other. The latter created a large debt amounting to several millions of dollars. The claim of 1854 is but a few thousand dollars. In the war of 1855-6 Gen.Wool refused to order the regulars out of winter quarters. In 1854 he ordered all the forces under his command in the vicinity of those roads, to protect the emigrants; and the regulars who could be spared from other duties, twenty-six in number, were in active service in the field in 1854, as long as any of the volunteers. The regulars and volunteers acted in concert from the time of the news of the Ward massacre until the emigration arrived at the Dalles, and then all the volunteers were discharged. In 1855 General Wool charged the whites and the Governors of making war. In 1854 he made no such charges, but he and the Governor of Oregon acted in concert, as they should have done, to protect America citizens on American soil. Great and good men have differed as to the cause of the Indian War of 1855, and of prosecuting it to a successful termination. Gen. Wool may have honestly thought the winter season in Oregon no time to fight Indians. The Governors of Oregon and Washington Territories thought otherwise. Gen. Wool charged the whites in 1855 with commencing the war. The Methodist Conference passed resolutions to the contrary in these words: "Whereas, our Territories have been the theatre of a disastrous Indian war during the past year; and whereas, an impression has, by some means, been made abroad that the people of Oregon and Washington have acted an unworthy part in bringing it on. Therefore, "Resolved. That, although there may have been occasional individual instances of ill-treatment of the Indians, by irresponsible whites, it is the conviction of this body of ministers, whose field of labor has been in all parts of the Territories at the beginning and during the continuance of the war, that the war has not been wantonly and wickedly provoked by our fellow citizens, but that it has been emphatically a war of defense; and the defense was deferred as long as Christian forbearance would warrant." Senate Misc. Doc. No. 59, 1st Session 36th Congress, page 48. We cordially agreed with these resolutions as to the war of 1855. The Indians west of the Cascade Mountains have generally been comparatively peaceable and quiet, and they may have been sometimes barbarously treated by lawless whites. The Indians on the Coast Range of the mountains on Rogue River and Willamette valleys have ever been more indolent and less disposed to work or fight than the Indians east of the Cascade Mountains. But neither has ever paid but little regard to the eighth commandment, which enjoins upon us not to steal; on the contrary, they have often stolen the stock and cattle of the weak and worn-out emigrant. We would earnestly request Congress to distinguish between the Indians west of the Cascade Mountains, and those east of the mountains. Until long after the volunteers of 1854 were discharged, it was never asserted by anyone that it was the wickedness of the whites which caused the hostilities of the Indians east of the Cascade Mountains. No one ever wrote or said that the volunteers or whites were the first aggressors, and that they provoked the Indians to hostilities on these emigrant roads prior to 1855. These murders and massacres arose from no wickedness or vices of the whites, but from the disposition of the Indians to steal, and plunder, and their determination to exterminate the whites, and to prevent them from passing through and from settling the country. On the southern emigrant road they at the time the first emigrants passed through their country found one man behind his train and they stealthily followed and killed him, and robbed him of his clothes. On both emigrant roads east of the Cascade Mountains they have always been treacherous and warlike. It is well known that the Cayuse Indians destroyed the Presbyterian Mission at Walla Walla Valley without cause and without provocation. In cold blood they murdered Dr. Whitman, their best benefactor, and his family, who had taught them to read, write and to cultivate the soil, and they carried off a number of emigrant women and children who were camped at the mission. Painted Shirt, one of the chiefs of this tribe, was one of the principal actors of this dreadful massacre. "After the massacre," says Mr. Stanley, "this man was the one who took a wife from the captive females--a young and beautiful girl of fourteen. In order to gain her quiet submission to his wishes he threatened to take the life of her mother and younger sister. Thus, in the power of savages, in a new and wild country remote from civilization and all hope of restoration being cut off, she yielded herself to one whose hands were yet red with the blood of an elder brother." Senate Ex. Doc. No. 1, 2nd Session 33rd Congress, page 427. From the organization of our government up to the present time no part of the United States has been so little protected as the citizens of Oregon were from 1841 to 1855. To save Oregon from the claws of the British Lion, Congress commenced encouraging emigration to Oregon by passing acts and resolutions, sometimes in the Senate, at other times in the House, from 1840 to 1846, guaranteeing to our citizens 640 acres of land to all who would emigrate to Oregon; and in 1850 by substantially complying with these resolutions and bills by making generous donations of land to settlers in Oregon; yet, up to 1855, not a foot of land had been purchased from the Indians between the Missouri River and the Cascade Mountains, The discovery of gold added fresh impetus to emigration, and thousands of our citizens settled among the Indians before a single foot of land had been purchased from the Indians. The Indians saw that the circle of country upon which they had been accustomed to conduct the hunt and the chase was rapidly contracting. To use their own words "the Bostons"* were advancing with rapid steps towards their accustomed haunts, and they and the buffalo, elk and deer were alike driven back. In 1854, they saw the pressure coming upon them in two opposite directions, from the Pacific as well as from the Atlantic, and taking possession of their country without any remuneration whatever. (*These Indians call all whites "Bostons" because the first vessel they ever saw was from Boston.) In every other country except Oregon and California our government has made treaties with the Indians for their lands before she encouraged her citizens to pass through or settle in the Indian territory. Generally before the whites were allowed to settle in an Indian country, our government adopted a munificent system of distributing annual and semiannual presents to the Indians, and attempted to induce them to abandon their wandering pursuits of the hunt and the chase, and engage in agricultural avocations as a means of subsistence, before a foot of land was set apart. Petition of B. F. Dowell and Others, Oregon Sentinel Office Print, Jacksonville, Oregon 1869 Modern Travel.
Mr. B. F.
Dowell, proprietor of the Sentinel,
published at Jacksonville, Oregon, is now stopping
at the Spotswood Hotel, Richmond, Virginia. The Daily State Journal, of
that city, makes the following remarks in that connection: "Mr. Dowell
came from Oregon by way of Sacramento and Salt Lake to this city in
twelve and a half days' travel. He says the Union Pacific Railroad is
completed nearly a thousand miles west of the Missouri River, and the
Central Pacific Railroad about six hundred miles east of San Francisco,
and that these railroads will connect next summer, and then a man can
go from here to San Francisco in seven or eight days, and to Oregon in
ten days. This is a great improvement. Twenty years ago it took five or
six months to perform the same journey. He informs us that in many
places in Oregon gold mines are found as rich as any in California, but
the great interest of the country is farming; wheat, oats and barley
are the staple commodities of the country and that vast prairies are
still unoccupied."Guernsey Jeffersonian, Cambridge, Ohio, January 15, 1869, page 4 B. F. Dowell, an eminent lawyer of Southern Oregon and owner of the Oregon Sentinel, a Republican paper published at Jacksonville, Ogn., is stopping at the Spottswood House. He came overland in twelve days and a half. He says there are indications all along the route of rapid and successful settlements; and expects to see the country developed rapidly. He is here on a visit to his relatives; was raised and educated here and graduated at the University of Virginia, and is a strong Union man. He spent last winter at Washington, and is well acquainted with the principal statesmen in Congress. He is confident that the sooner Virginia reconstructs, the better for Virginia and the peace and prosperity of the country. He is convinced she now has the best terms she ever will get to return to the Union.--Virginia State Journal. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, February 13, 1869, page 2 HOME AGAIN.--Mr. B. F. Dowell returned home on Tuesday night after a six months' absence at Washington. Mr. D. made the trip from New York to Jacksonville in less than ten days, and says it can be done in eight days before fall. He comes to stay here and will be glad to see his friends at his office, where he will be found ready to attend to business. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, May 15, 1869, page 2 SUPREME COURT.--Mr. Dowell and Mr. C. W. Kahler will leave for Salem on Friday next to attend to business in the Supreme Court, which meets on the 6th of September. The cases from this county are J. B. Pool vs. Wm. Buffum, executor of J. R. Pool; suit to set aside will. P. F. McManus vs. Owen and Papas; suit in equity to quiet title. They will probably be absent about two weeks. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, August 28, 1869, page 3 THE Pool will case has been decided by the Supreme Court in favor of W. G. Buffum, the Court holding that a mark is sufficient signature to a will, where the intention is clear. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, September 18, 1869, page 2 A Letter from B. F. Dowell.
THE MAILS, STAGES, AND RAILROADS. PORTLAND,
OGN., Sept. 20, 1869.
Having
recently arrived here by stage from Oroville, Cal., via Jacksonville,
Oregon, a brief description of the route may be interesting to the
readers of the Sentinel.
The mails arrive here regularly from San Francisco
in six days. They could arrive here much sooner, if a few of the
stoppages were stopped by the Postmaster General. At Sacramento I
arrived at 8 o'clock p.m., and left the next morning at 7 o'clock a.m.
Here is an unnecessary loss of 11 hours. At Marysville we had to wait
3½ hours for the Oroville cars. Both of these delays ought
to be avoided. The stage line from Oroville to Portland makes good
time. The roads generally are in good order, and the horses and coaches
of the Oregon Stage Company are in excellent condition.I regret to say that the worst roads on the whole route are found in Douglas County. They are out of repair from Canyonville to Lane County. Some portions are intolerable. The bridges across South Umpqua, Myrtle Creek, and many smaller bridges are very dangerous. At Myrtle Creek the supervisor knows the bridge is worthless, and in place of warning the hands to work and repair it, as the law directs, he has posted the following notice on the bridge: "This bridge is considered unsafe, and the county will not be liable for damages." It is to be hoped that this timely warning may prevent any serious accidents, but we would respectfully inform the supervisor and the county that such a notice, in case of an accident, will not excuse either him or his county; but it would be conclusive proof of their negligence. It is the duty of all supervisors to keep their roads and bridges in good repair, and if they neglect to do it, and any person or their property gets injured, both the supervisor and the county are liable for the damages. No notice can shield the supervisor or his county. The notice shows that the supervisor knows the bridge is out of repair, yet he fails to repair the bridge. The life of every horse and every man who rides the bridge is in danger. So the supervisor and the county would do well to repair it at the earliest possible moment. The road around the point below the bridge on Umpqua is still dangerous, and it ought to be made more level and wider. Douglas is one of the richest and largest counties in the state, and she is more than able to make the most public road in Oregon a good and safe road. Such negligence would be inexcusable in any county, much less in a county as rich as Douglas. Such roads and such bridges are a disgrace to the Umpqua supervisors and county commissioners. Supervisors, county commissioners, and county judge, one and all, I say, you ought to do better. Several men have been killed by those roads, and many more may be during the coming rainy winter, unless you repair the road and bridges from one end of your county to the other. RAILROADS
are
the all-absorbing questions of Southern Oregon. The agents of the
Northern Pacific Railroad have made favorable reports, and it is
expected that this road will soon be completed to Puget Sound and
Portland. This road has the most magnificent land grant of any road in
the world. Congress has donated to it forty sections to the mile, and
the land is much richer and better timbered, and a great deal more
water is found than is on the Pacific railroad now in operation. It has
a great deal of the finest land on the continent, while a large
proportion of the land on the Central Pacific and Union Pacific
railroads is of the poorest land that can be found in the United States.
The Oregon railroads are both being rapidly constructed. The East Side have commenced laying down their ties, and they expect to get twenty miles completed by the 1st of January, 1870, to secure the land grant. The stockholders in the West Side predict that the East Side will fail to complete the first twenty miles by the first of January, and the whole question as to which side will have the land grant will go before the people in the next June election, and again before the next Legislature, and which side will win, no one can tell. For my part I wish both great success. Both roads are practicable, and both in time will be of great benefit to Oregon. It is impossible for the East Side to do the way business of the West Side route, and is equally impossible for the West Side road to do the way business of the East Side. The produce of the Willamette Valley, as a general rule, will go down the river to find a railroad. This the proprietors of both roads well know, but the great fight is who shall have the land grant. I say bury the hatchet and unite both companies, and ask Congress to grant land to both sides, and ten chances to one it will be done. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville,
September 25, 1869, page
2
B. F. DOWELL at last accounts was in Portland, and we take the following from the Oregonian of the 21st inst.: INVESTMENT BY AN OUTSIDER.--We are informed that Mr. B. F. Dowell, of Jacksonville, the proprietor of the Sentinel, who has been for some days in this city, yesterday purchased an entire block in Couch's Addition. Mr. Dowell is reputed a sagacious man, to which this transaction adds another proof. An investment in Portland real estate is just now about a "dead sure" thing to win. HOME AGAIN.--Mr. Dowell returned from the Supreme Court on Saturday last. While north he visited Portland, and took a good look at the railroad operations. He thinks there is no doubt whatever of our having the road extended through the valley in good season. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville,
October 2, 1869, page
3
To Our Patrons.
Since I owned the Sentinel
it has never paid enough to hire two printers and the undivided time of
an editor, hence the greater part of time the writing has been done for
it by Mr. Turner, the telegraph operator; but he now declines writing
any more on the same terms. I hope he may find other employment more
remunerative, but the patronage of the Sentinel will not
justify it. Mr. Turner has labored hard to make the Sentinel interesting
and useful for low wages, yet I regret to say the patronage and slow
payments scarcely justify the labor or price that has been paid. I have
purchased the materials to run it in New York at the lowest cash
prices. I have employed the greater part of the time the cheapest and
poorest of printers, who frequently committed gross typographical
errors, and not unfrequently they destroyed the meaning of my own
letters. The truth is, to make it pay expenses, I have been compelled
to hire boys to do the printing who were wholly unfit to be a foreman
in any office. With a good, cheap editor, cheap materials, and poor
printers it has not been a very profitable investment. It has more than
twice the circulation now that it had at the time I bought it; yet,
after deducting its bad debts and the necessary expenses, it has not
made good interest on the capital invested. It is impossible for me to
give the Sentinel my
time,
but still I hope to make it a better paper than it has ever been. We
now have a good printer, and if our patrons would pay up punctually,
the Sentinel could
be made to
pay for better printers, and more than interest on its cost. Although
it has not been very remunerative, I do not regret the purchase. It is
now next to the oldest political paper in Oregon. Since its publication
seven rival papers have been published in Jacksonville. They have all
died but one. This is a sickly looking thing, scarcely six months old.
I have the satisfaction to know that the Sentinel did
good service during the war in keeping down the spirit of rebellion in
Southern Oregon, which is full compensation for all my trouble and
expense. I still intend for it to advocate the best interest of the
country, and the true principles of the Republican Party. I wish it to
be a terror to traitors, copperheads, and the immoral and lawless of
every class and description. I respectfully ask the friends of truth
and morality of whatever party to furnish the Sentinel with the
latest news from all parts of the country. Direct your letters to the Sentinel, and not
to me. I assure the public I have not time to read long letters, or
even short ones, on the business of the Sentinel. All
I have ever done, or expect to do, is to write a little for it when law
business is dull, to pay its expenses, and control its general policy;
but I will get someone who will give all such communications prompt
attention.
B. F. DOWELL.
Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville,
October 9, 1869, page
2
B. F. Dowell, of the Jacksonville Sentinel, complains that his paper does not pay, although he has always hired the cheapest kind of help. Poor Bombastes! "Oregon News," Polk County Times, Dallas, Oregon, October 23, 1869, page 3 PERSONAL.--B. F. Dowell started for Washington, last night, on the stage. His object in going at this time is to urge upon Congress the propriety and justice of paying off the Oregon Indian war claims of 1854. The best wishes of the whole community for his success in this undertaking go with him. Mrs. Grube, relict of the late Dr. Grube, of this place, with their two children, also left on the same stage for her old home in Rochester, N.Y. Also Lewis Rees, an old resident, started at the same time for the Eastern States. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, December 4, 1869, page 3 B. F. Dowell, of the Sentinel, is expected home from Washington during the latter part of the present month. "Southern Oregon," Oregon Statesman, Salem, May 10, 1871, page 4 NOTICE.--I want a good young lawyer to edit the SENTINEL. B. F. DOWELL.
Oregon
Sentinel, Jacksonville, August 5, 1871, page 3Messrs. B. F. Dowell and Jesse Applegate, Sam May's bondsmen, have been sued by the state to recover the sum of $10,000, alleged to be due from them as May's bondsmen, in consequence of his defalcation. "Pacific Coasters," State Rights Democrat, Albany, Oregon, March 8, 1872, page 3 Delegates from Oregon to the Republican National Convention are B. F. Dowell, J. P. Booth, Hiram Smith, G. P. Holman, Thos. Charman and M. Peterson. "Pacific Coasters," State Rights Democrat, March 29, 1872, page 2 GOOSE LAKE.--It seems this lake is still without any visible outlet. When the writer was there in August 1869, Goose Lake Slough, so called, flowed out of the lake, and carried more water than Shasta River. About a year ago, however, the water ceased to flow out of the lake above ground, and it seems it has not yet resumed its flow, notwithstanding the excessively wet winter. An article in last week's Oregon Sentinel gives an account of a trip to the lake by B. F. Dowell. After an unsuccessful attempt to go around the north end of the lake, he turned back, and made his way to the south end. The account says: Here he expected to have to swim the outlet of Goose Lake into Pit River; but to his great surprise he found it dry and no water running out. The lake at the lower end is three or four miles longer than it was when Mr. Dowell visited it in 1853-4, but he was informed by the settlers that no water had flowed into Pit River for the last twelve months; and that the lake was still falling, notwithstanding Mr. Dowell saw more water running into it than is in Rogue River, and more than half as much as in the Willamette. It is a little inland sea, and its heavy dews extend for miles around. The settlers have promising crops, and the hills and valleys are covered with the best of grasses. Shasta Courier, June 1, 1872, page 3 George Black, of Jacksonville, does not mince words in dunning his creditors. He claims that something is due him on the Oregon war claims, and sends the following to B. F. Dowell, who has the claim for collection: "Now, see here--I want you to get my money for me. I need it and want it, and you have promised to get it for me time and time again, and yet I do not get the money. This is not fair or honorable in you, or in the Department. I earned this money. It belongs to me, and I must have it. Here I go around like a beggar. My diggings do not pay, and the ball in my hip gives me trouble every winter, and you fine fellows in the city live on the fat of the land and have good, bully times. This won't do. Get me my money. Send the money to the care of P. J. Ryan. Send it to me right off." "Oregon," Oregonian, Portland, April 22, 1873, page 3 B. F. Dowell announces that he has settled the judgment held by the state against him and Jesse Applegate, and that he now proposes to sue Applegate to recover one-half the amount and expects to prove that the transfers of the latter's property to his children was fraudulent. "Pacific Coasters," State Rights Democrat, Albany, Oregon, March 1, 1873, page 3 A WILLFUL LIAR.
Advertisement,
Democratic Times, Jacksonville,
August 2, 1873, page
2IN REPLY to the Oregon Sentinel of
July 19th and 26th, 1873, I will say this much: That B. F. Dowell,
editor of the Sentinel and
attorney for the Chinese bawdy houses, is a willful and malicious liar,
&c.
To the public, before whom I bring the case for decision, I beg leave to say these words: I have lived among you and in this county about seventeen years, and did you ever know or hear of my name being in such a miserable paper as the Sentinel, or any criminal charges brought against me in a court of justice? Then, again, is there a person in the county that will say it but that lying scoundrel, B. F. Dowell? He says I am a perjurer and a liar. The only reason he has for saying so is that I will not uphold him in this attempt to maintain Chinese bawdy houses in our midst. Now, in the first place, Dowell charges me in the Sentinel of July 19th that a subpoena had been previously issued and served me before I was a juror. This is a malicious lie, as the following will show: JACKSONVILLE,
July 19, 1873.
I, the undersigned, acting marshal of the town of Jacksonville, hereby
certify that Morris Mensor was summoned as a witness in behalf of the
State of Oregon vs. Chinamen, after he was discharged as a juror, and
the second jury was already empaneled, and not as B. F. Dowell stated
in the Sentinel.HUGH JOHNSTON,
When summoned as a juror, I was asked
the following questions in court by the Chinese attorney, B. F. Dowell:Acting Marshal. Did you form any opinion in this case of the State of Oregon vs. the Chinawomen (mentioning their names, which I do not know)? Answer--No, not until I hear evidence. Question--Are you against these particular Chinawomen? Answer--I am against all Chinamen; but not until I hear the evidence in this case. If they are guilty or not guilty, I will say so. Please read the testimony of the jurors present on the same panel: We, the undersigned, heard the examination alluded to in the Sentinel of the 19th, and believe the above statement of questions asked and answered given to be correct. ADAM
SCHMITT,
In the afternoon I was called as a witness to state what I knew in this
case of the State of Oregon against certain Chinawomen, when the
following occurred:K. KUBLI, J. WETTERER, L. B. HALL. Question--What is the general reputation of these Chinese houses? Answer--Bawdy houses (and I uttered a few words more, which will not bear printing). Question--Do you know these Chinawomen? Answer--No. Question--Would you know them if you should see them? Answer--No. Dowell did not know what to do. He commenced to run down my testimony and establishing these houses as Chinese doctor institutions. I then answered him that not disputing him as to their being doctor houses, for maybe Dowell is better acquainted in Chinese quarters than I am, and things which I have seen and stated before you might have only been an examination of female students, and me not knowing heretofore of such institutions, he might be right. After the above statement to the court, Dowell thought I was twitting with facts. He commenced trying to browbeat me in such a manner I must admit I was puzzled to answer these words: Did you not perjure yourself stating this morning you have not made up your opinion or expressed it? I made a halt, thinking a few moments. I answered whether I did or not, that was not my intention. I told you this morning that I must hear the evidence before I can make up my opinion. Dowell said this was not the question. Did you or not? Answer--I do not understand what you mean. Question--Did you or not express your opinion in this case? Thinking over, I answered no. Now, as to my knowledge, I ought to be acquainted with the parties indicted in this court before I can make up my opinion. I only have stated what the general reputation of the houses is, and what I have seen. Question--Do you know these Chinese women before the court? Answer--No. Question--Are these the women you have seen in the performance you have stated? Answer--I do not know one from the other. All I beg of the public is to read the testimony, and see who is a perjurer and liar, and judge for yourselves. As to the quarrel, B. F. Dowell is alone to blame. He commenced without cause, the only one, perhaps, being that having been employed by Chinese, he probably thought I would or ought to join with him. But I cannot swallow the Chinese pills he thinks to prescribe for me; I prefer Pratt's Webfoot Pills. Furthermore, I do not wish to continue this quarrel; but if Dowell wishes to do so, let him sail in. He, or any of his kind, cannot frighten me, whether on paper or in any shape he wishes to name. Before closing, I will say this much: I have only stated the truth in this case. "The American people shall live forever, and do justice to all." M. MENSOR.
Jacksonville, July 31st, 1873. ON TRIAL.--The trial of the Chinese prostitutes has been occupying the attention of the Recorder's court for the past week. At last accounts Dowell was still pegging away. Democratic Times, Jacksonville, August 9, 1873, page 3 B. F. Dowell will probably not have any more photographs taken for some time, as a man spoiled his classic physiognomy at Jacksonville last week. "Pacific Coasters," State Rights Democrat, Albany, Oregon, August 22, 1873, page 3 MEETING.--The Radicals intend holding a pow-wow tonight. Dowell is understood to be boss contortionist. Democratic Times, Jacksonville, October 11, 1873, page 3 B. F. Dowell, writing from Washington City under date of August 7th, says: "The Oregon war debts are in very bad repute. The treasury has paid on the 1854 claims $68, 305.73. About $20,00 of this is fictitious, and was manufactured since the passage of the act. Nothing will be paid on the 1855-6 war claims until the next deficiency bill passes Congress next winter." "Oregon Items," Sacramento Daily Union, September 5, 1874, page 5 B. F. Dowell has been restored to the right to practice as an attorney to the Treasury Department and notifies holders of Indian war claims of 1855-6 that he is ready to proceed with the collection of such claims. Morning Oregonian, Portland, November 13, 1874, page 2 TO THE OREGON INDIAN WAR
CLAIMANTS.
The Oregon Indian War debts of 1854 are now being paid. The main cause
of this long delay was the fraudulent claims of Griswold, assignee of
M. G. Kennedy and others. It they had been just all claims should have
been cut down about one third, because the awards should not exceed the
amount intended to be appropriated by Congress. The Quartermaster and
Commissary claims were increased about one-third after the Act passed
to pay the just claims of 1854. I opposed the payment of the fraudulent
claims of W. C. Griswold for the interest of the honest claimants and
the Government. Griswold boasted that he would collect them. To avoid a
reduction in the just claims in my hands for collection I took a large
amount of evidence, and I made diligent search for Lieutenant Isaac
Miller, whom I knew was present at the time Drew's original report to
the Governor of Oregon was made. I at last found him; but before I
found him Griswold had collected the fraudulent claims, through a
report of his particular friend, W. S. Stetson, the Chief Clerk in the
Claim Division of the Third Auditor's office, and Brevet Captain Thos.
H. Bradley in the War Department, and they succeeded, without any
notice whatever, in getting me suspended from practicing as an attorney
in the Treasury Department. This was done maliciously, and to discredit
me and thus cover up their frauds.Stetson, the Clerk who recommended the payment of the fraudulent claims of Griswold, and who prepared the charges against me, and who wrote the letters to you and others about me, has been removed. The whole matter was referred to the Solicitor of the Treasury, who has decided it in my favor, and the Secretary of the Treasury has restored me to my former rights. I hope to collect the balance of the old claims of 1854 which are in my hands without further delay. If they are delayed it will be to examine the frauds. The Auditor has nearly three hundred clerks. He cannot read the papers and documents in every case, hence he is excusable for errors and frauds, which thus escape his notice. "W.S.S." on the corner of your letter and others means W. S. Stetson. He is the writer and is responsible for these letters and frauds. The Oregon Sentinel of the 10th and 17th of January, 1874 printed my letters to Bybee and Cardwell, and my brief before the Solicitor of the Treasury, with which the most of the readers of the Sentinel are familiar, more particularly explains these matters. Stetson, the real author of various letters to the Oregon claimants which bear the Auditor's signature, is, in my opinion, a partner of Griswold, and as unworthy of credit as Drew or Griswold. The 1st Comptroller decides the appropriation for the 1855-6 war claims not to be a specific appropriation, and it must therefore be covered in the Treasury under the Act which requires all balances of appropriations made more than three years to be carried to the surplus fund. The 2nd Comptroller and the 3rd Auditor differ with the 1st Comptroller on this subject; but the requisitions have to be signed by the 1st Comptroller, so the appropriation is not available at present. Congress will correct the errors of the 1st Comptroller at its next session, and then the 1855-6 claims will be paid as usual. B. F. DOWELL.
Broadside
circa 1874, Newberry Library Graff 1140Under the caption "Removal and For Sale" the Jacksonville Sentinel says: B. F. Dowell intends moving to Portland, Oregon, soon after the February court. The store-room now occupied by White & Martin and the fine dwelling house occupied by B. F. Dowell, in Jacksonville, Oregon, are for sale. They are the most permanent and finest brick houses in Southern Oregon. Terms cash, or credit to suit purchasers. Corvallis Gazette, February 6, 1875, page 2 Mrs. F. F. Victor, Cor. Secy. O.S.W.S.A.--Dear Madam:--I am in receipt of your letter requesting me to be present at a meeting of the Oregon State Woman Suffrage Association at Salem, on the 8th of February, 1876. If I go to Portland about the time I will be present, but this is uncertain. If present I will address the Association on the necessity for women to vote. I am in favor of the movement. Yours
very respectfully,
Jacksonville, Oregon.B. F. DOWELL. The New Northwest, Portland, February 18, 1876, page 2 "SHEET AND PILLOW CASE" PARTY.
TO THE TIDINGS:
A week ago tonight I had the pleasure of attending a "sheet and pillow
case" party, at the residence of Mr. B. F. Dowell, in Jacksonville.
This was the first party of the kind ever given in Jackson County, and
to say that it proved a perfect success is not necessary. The generous
host and hostess were fully prepared for their ghostly visitors, who
began arriving about 8 o'clock. At 9 the spacious rooms were crowded,
and from this on to the "wee sma' hours" the sport continued. Figures
clad in snowy white flitted hither and thither, some tripping the
"light fantastic"; others engaged in a quiet game of "Old Maid" or
"Castuo," while the majority were bent on discovering some familiar
form or a well-known voice. At about 11 o'clock the order came to
unmask, and a bountiful supper was served. Altogether I thought this
about as pleasant as any party I ever attended, and I am waiting
anxiously for someone to set the ball rolling in Ashland.ASHLAND, November 17th, 1876.
DUBBS.
Ashland Tidings, November 16, 1876, page 3GOT A NEW ROOF.--Lawyer Dowell was this week the object of a generosity rarely met with in this section. However, it was not the fault of the donor, P. J. Ryan, who does not make a practice of doing likewise very often. Pat. sent a couple of immigrants to reshingle the building occupied by Mrs. Vining, but, not being definite enough in his instructions, the workmen fell on Dowell's law office adjoining, and unroofed it in a hurry. He discovered the mistake when too late, and of course there was no other alternative but to reshingle the building, which required new shingles. And that is how Dowell got a new roof without paying for it. Democratic Times, Jacksonville, July 21, 1877, page 3 B. F. Dowell's Debts and the Sale of the Sentinel.
A few truths
and many falsehoods have been written and published about the May
security debt and the sale of the Sentinel. The facts are: At the time B. F. Dowell bought the Sentinel the
late rebellion had been inaugurated and the flag of the rebellion waved
in the Southern states; he desired the old American flag to wave
peaceably in all the states; for this end the columns of the Sentinel have been filled from that day to this. At the time he first proposed to sell the Sentinel the
American flag waved peaceably all over the Union; only a few turbulent
spirits waged a proscriptive war on our colored race. These bad men are
now doing better. At the time he bought the Sentinel he was out of debt and had money to pay for it and still money to loan. When he first proposed to sell the Sentinel his
surplus money was exhausted and he was financially embarrassed by the
frauds of S. E. May, Jesse Applegate and W. C. Griswold.
It is well known to the readers of this paper that Samuel E. May, late Secretary of State, became a defaulter to this state in upwards of ten thousand dollars, and that Jesse Applegate and B. F. Dowell were the securities on his official bond. May was and is wholly insolvent. Jesse Applegate was worth upwards of twenty thousand dollars, but by a familiar trick well known to lawyers and judges, after the May defalcation, honest Jesse transferred his property to his children, including one of the richest and best farming tracts of land in Douglas County, and upwards of a thousand acres of excellent grazing land in the vicinity of his 640-acre donation claim. So the payment of the whole of the May security debt has devolved on B. F. Dowell. He has paid $10,598.00 and he still has upwards of a thousand more to pay in a few weeks. Between the spring of 1871 and 1875 W. C. Griswold, by base, villainous lying to the clients of B. F. Dowell, induced some of them to sell their Oregon Indian war claims to him in which B. F. Dowell's claims were not paid, amounting to upwards of $7,500. By fraud, perjury and subornation of perjury, and in all human probability the bribery of Lieut. T. H. Bradley, who was performing clerical labor in the War Department, and two or three clerks in the Treasury, Griswold not only collected from the United States the just Oregon war debts which he purchased from Dowell's clients, including Dowell's fees and expenses for getting the appropriation, but also $21,064.88 of forged and fraudulent claims in the 1854 Oregon Indian war. The proof of this assertion has been made before the U.S. Circuit Court at Portland, Oregon, and a large amount of the evidence is now on file in the shape of depositions and certified copies of the vouchers and affidavits about the fraudulent claims. Griswold has been compelled to pay Dowell $5,070 of his fees by two judgments of the U.S. Circuit Court, and he still has an action for nearly three thousand more, and the United States has an action against him for upwards of one hundred and forty-three thousand dollars. The false and forged war claims which Griswold collected were filed in 1871, which caused B. F. Dowell five trips to Washington, costing him upwards of a thousand dollars a trip, and delayed the payment of Dowell's fees from 1871 to 1874-5. Thus the May security debt and the transfer of honest Jesse's property to his children, and Griswold's robbing Dowell's has not only exhausted the funds loaned out by Dowell, but compelled him to borrow money to prevent his property from being sacrificed by the sheriff in the May security debt. The Sentinel has paid good interest from the time Dowell purchased it to the present time, but he has been from home so much he was compelled to hire an editor and it has been the most neglected of any property he ever owned; therefore he earnestly desired to sell it in preference to any other property. The proceeds will go towards paying the May security debt. We have sold 80 head of cows at $10 a head--less than half their cost--to pay the balance of the May defalcation. A man should be just before he is generous, so we hope honest Jesse and his children will pay Dowell their half of the May defalcation without being compelled, like Griswold, by the courts. There are notes and accounts due Dowell for subscriptions and advertisements on many of the richest men in the county, amounting to thousands of dollars, which we hope each and all will pay soon. The money can be sent by mail to B. F. Dowell at his risk. The sums are small and nothing for each of the patrons of the Sentinel to pay, but in the aggregate they would have more than paid all the balance due on the May execution without the sale of any of the stock belonging to Dowell. At last accounts from Goose Lake some of the cattle that he sold had not been delivered, because they had been driven out on the range where they could winter on the natural grasses and white sage without being fed. B. F. Dowell's friends must not fail to respond to this call. He is now compelled to collect from friends and enemies alike. He has lived upwards of fifty years without being compelled to sue but three persons, and he has only been sued twice, and in both obtained judgment. A part of both are still unpaid, therefore he must have money to finish paying his debts. He can not afford to sacrifice any more property. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, February 13, 1878, page 2 Jesse Applegate's response is below. AN OPEN LETTER TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIDINGS
MT. YONCALLA, OREGON, Mar. 3, 1878.
DEAR NEPHEW:--I did not receive the copy of the Jacksonville Sentinel,
of Feb. 13, which you so kindly forwarded me, until yesterday. I have
today examined the article headed "B. F. Dowell's Debts and the Sale of
the Sentinel" [above] and,
notwithstanding the grave charge that article makes against me, if it
were to be read by those only who are acquainted with Mr. Dowell and
myself, and the record our past lives have made for us, I should
certainly pass it by unnoticed, and allow him the full benefit of the
prejudice he hopes to create against me by its publication.But, as there are many in this State who will bear my name after me, whose characters will be affected by the repute of their ancestor or kinsman, on their account, I ask through the Tidings to show how utterly baseless, false and vindictive is the charge of fraud made against me in this article, written by Mr. Dowell himself or upon information derived from him, and with his approval. Not to trespass upon your columns, I will make my statement brief, and confine it to the refutation of the charge made against me. Mr. Dowell says: "When he (Dowell) first proposed to sell the Sentinel, his surplus money was exhausted, and he was financially embarrassed by the FRAUDS of S. E. May, Jesse Applegate and W. C. Griswold. It is well known to the readers of this paper (the Sentinel) that Samuel E. May, late Secretary of State, became a defaulter to this State in upwards of ten thousand dollars and that Jesse Applegate and B. F. Dowell were securities on the bond. May was and is wholly insolvent. Jesse Applegate was worth upwards of twenty thousand dollars, but by a familiar trick, well known to lawyers and judges, AFTER the May defalcation, HONEST Jesse transferred his property to his children, including one of the richest and best farming tracts of land in Douglas County, and upwards of a thousand acres of excellent grazing land in the vicinity of his 640-acre donation claim." What wealth I may have had was accumulated by my own labor, and that of my family on a farm, and, as their natural protector, I promised, in consideration of faithful performance on their parts, that upon their marriage, or at mature age, if they preferred to do for themselves elsewhere, to give to them such a start for themselves as our mutual accumulations would justify. Five sons, a grandson and one daughter have performed their part of the contract. The deeds of land were made to them when they were men and women, married, or about to be; and, being made to them as they arrived at the age of maturity, the transfer runs through a series of years, beginning before May was elected Secretary of State, and at least four years before Mr. Dowell signed his bond; and the last of these deeds was made years before May was ever suspected of dishonesty as a public officer; and, as a part of the land last deeded was my wife's half of our donation claim, which could not have been taken to pay my debts, if I had owed any, which I did not outside my own family, the charge of fraud, or the intention of fraud, certainly falls to the ground. The above facts are spread upon the records of the county, and, as Mr. Dowell had examined these records and even taken copies of such of these deeds as he thought would suit his purposes before charging me with crime, he convicts himself of a false and malicious slander. Further, that I deeded a thousand acres of excellent grazing land to my children is so naked a falsehood that a man of less nerve and practice in such things would never have ventured upon it. This tract of grazing land was not only not deeded to my children, but was executed as my property and sold by the State, and the proceeds applied to the May judgment; nor is this all: After the day of the sale had been fixed, I succeeded in restoring to it a portion that had been sold off of it, and the attorneys of the State postponed the sale for a month, that all might be sold together. No person in the State knows better than Mr. Dowell that I lost nearly my all by a mercantile venture, which ended in disaster, and that, since it became probable that May would be found to be a defaulter, the supreme wish of my life has been to pay my part of said defalcation. To this end I have labored ever since, much of the time beyond my strength, to acquire the means of doing so. Knowing that a man of my age could never earn so much money by common labor, I so far "put my pride in my pocket" as to offer my services to the Surveyor General of the State, as a Deputy; but, as with each application, I informed that functionary that I would render no political service for contracts, nor divide any part of my earnings with him or anyone else. I of course got nothing in that line to do here. But, before seeking employment in California, I placed the last of my means, now reduced to $1800, with Secretary Chadwick, to be applied to any judgment found against May. After the suits had dragged along for about two years, Mr. Chadwick wrote to me that, as the May suits might not reach a conclusion for years longer, and then end in nothing, I had better apply my money to some useful purpose than to leave it any longer in his hands unproductive. I am now sorry I followed this friendly advice, for I invested this sum and my earnings in California in sheep, and, with my usual luck in ventures, lost the sheep, After this last mishap, I called on Mr. Dowell in Jacksonville, and told him I had nothing left but the labor of my hands to depend upon, and, being old and broken down by hard labor and exposure, I could not hope to do more than to support myself and wife by common labor; that I had failed to obtain profitable surveying is California for the same reason I had failed in Oregon; that profitable contracts were now only obtained in consideration of dirty political services, or corrupt bargain between Surveyor General and Deputy, and that it was contrary to my principles to resort to either of these methods. Mr. Dowell said he had influence and could get all the contracts he wanted, and proposed to get the contracts, for his part, if I would do the work in the field for mine, and, applying our earnings to the payment of our mutual obligation to the State, soon settle it. Novel as was this proposed partnership, in which one party was to bear the burden of the sins and the other to do the work of the firm, I agreed to it. But it came to nothing; Mr. Dowell (not I presume from any tenderness of conscience) got no contracts. Mr. Dowell calls me HONEST Jesse, but as he had already charged me with fraud and puts the word "honest" in italics, it is evident he wishes the word to be understood in a meaning different from the usual. But he leaves his readers to infer for themselves whether my claim to be an honest man is a false one, or that the other Applegates have no claim to be so distinguished. As to the other hypothesis, it does not become me further to speak. But of the second I am proud to say: That three brothers Applegate came to Oregon thirty-five years ago, and no report impeaching their honesty, morality or truth has ever followed them. Two of the brothers are now 70, and the junior is near that age. Each of them has numerous families of sons and daughters who have taken their places as citizens of the State, many of them the fathers or mothers of numerous families of their own, so that the descendants of these brothers may be numbered by the hundred. Yet, not one of them has ever been charged with crime of any kind--not one of them has ever failed in his duty to his country, both in peace and in war; or, in a word, failed to perform his duties, both public and private, with honesty and fidelity. So that Mr. Dowell's slander will sit as lightly and harmlessly on the race as it does upon me as an individual. If any who read this paper think I am harsh in thus branding Mr. Dowell with malicious falsehood, in the matter concerning me, they may satisfy themselves that such conduct is natural to him by examining his public record, without descending into the mysteries of his darker private life. They will find that the wealth, of which he boasts, was accumulated by such acts as he committed in an expedition to meet the immigrants. commanded by Capt. Walker, I think in 1853; by his record as claims agent at Washington, and, lastly, by his lawsuit with his confederate, Griswold, finally determined in the U.S. Court at Portland. The decision of the Judge is printed in pamphlet form and may, I presume, be had for the asking. And, though the pamphlet contains no more of the pleas, answers and evidence than is necessary to explain the Judge's decision, yet the little given shows to what depths of infamy and diabolism man may descend, in the pursuit of unrighteous gain; that all the epithets Mr. Dowell applies to Mr. Griswold are equally applicable to himself, and that Mr. Dowell's victory over his opponent only proves him the most skillful and adroit rascal of the two. Yours Truly,
Ashland Tidings, March 22, 1878, page 2 The nephew to whom this letter is addressed is O. C. Applegate, at the time the publisher of the Ashland Tidings.JESSE APPLEGATE. B. F. Dowell is in the city, close on the heels of his unfortunate debtor W. C. Griswold, Esq., against whom he holds a $30,000 judgment, and he is giving the county records close search, attaching and garnisheeing everything he can get hold of either belonging to or owing to Griswold, even to the amount due him from his water customers. "From the Capital," Corvallis Gazette, February 7, 1879, page 2 B. F. Dowell, of Jacksonville, has been ordered to pay the sum of $18 per week for the support of W. C. Griswold, against whom the United States obtained a verdict of $37,000. Mr. Griswold is within the jail limits of Portland, and we believe that it is the first time a prosecutor has been compelled to support a defendant after judgment was obtained in this state. Dowell followed Griswold to the "bitter end," and now Griswold dines and wines at Dowell's expense. Daily Astorian, Astoria, Oregon, February 15, 1879, page 3 BIOGRAPHICAL
SKETCHES.
Benjamin
Franklin Dowell was born in Albemarle County, Virginia, on the 31st day
of October, 1826. He was named for an uncle of his grandmother on his
father's side. She was a daughter of John Franklin and a niece of
Benjamin Franklin, the statesman and philosopher. Mr. Dowell's father
and mother were both natives of Virginia, and were born and raised
within one mile of each other. His mother's maiden name was Fannie
Dalton, a woman of rare culture and refinement. The Dowells were
originally from England; the Daltons were from the Scottish
highlands. When Mr. Dowell was but a child, his parents
removed with
their family to Shelby County, Tennessee, and continued in agricultural
pursuits. Here he attended the male academy and acquired a liberal
education. After having concluded his academic studies he returned to
Virginia and entered the state university, where he graduated in law in
1847, before he was twenty-one years old, with distinguished honors. He
returned to Tennessee and began the practice of his profession at
Raleigh and at Memphis. An extensive and lucrative practice soon
engaged his whole attention, but the fame of the newly discovered gold
fields of the Pacific caused him to desert the bar for a time and try
his fortune in the mines. In the spring of 1850 he formed a
copartnership with three other young men and started from St. Joseph,
Missouri, whither he had gone by water, for California. He arrived in
Sacramento on the 20th of the following September. Here he had a second
attack of cholera, that fatal malady of which so many died on the
plains that year. When he had partially recovered his physicians
advised him to go north, and on the fourth of October he started from
San Francisco for Portland, taking passage on a small schooner. At the
mouth of the Columbia River the vessel encountered a terrible storm,
and was driven back to sea, dismasted and almost helpless. It was not
until the thirty-fifth day after leaving San Francisco that a safe
landing was made at Astoria. Mr. Dowell did not remain long in the
Willamette Valley, and in 1852 we find him engaged in packing and
trading in Southern Oregon. He pursued the business until 1856, and was
very successful. In 1857 he again engaged in law practice in
Jacksonville, and soon obtained a very extensive business, and it is
said of him that he never lost but two suits that he commenced himself.B. F. DOWELL. In 1861 he was married to Miss Anna Campbell and they have now a family of three children. He was Prosecuting Attorney from 1862 to '64. In 1865 he bought the Oregon Sentinel, which he ran successfully until 1878. The Sentinel, under Mr. Dowell's management, was the first newspaper on the Pacific Coast to advise the enfranchisement of the negroes and the first to nominate Gen. Grant for the Presidency. Mr. Dowell was raised a Whig. He voted for Breckinridge and Lane, but when the Rebellion was inaugurated he joined the Republican Party and has been a zealous member of the same until the present time. In every Indian war in Oregon since 1852 he has furnished supplies, often at a great loss to himself. Strict integrity and untiring persistence in what he conceived to be his line of duty are characteristics for which he is noted, and though past life's meridian he is still vigorous in mind and body and bids fair to survive many years to serve the public and retrieve pecuniary losses which he has sustained by trusting others who have proved unworthy of his generous confidence. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, May 21, 1879, page 2 B. F. Dowell is the happiest man in Jacksonville. He "got away" with Griswold, and stands an even chance in getting the pipes clear that carry water to his residence. "Local Items," Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, September 24, 1879, page 3 B. F. Dowell, Esq., is at present in Roseburg attending to his case against Jesse Applegate. Having obtained a judgment, he has instituted proceedings to assist the execution. "Local Items," Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, December 15, 1880, page 3 CHANGES IN WATER LEVEL OF LAKES IN OREGON AND CALIFORNIA.--A letter to the editors from Mr. B. F. Dowell, of Jacksonville, Oregon, states that Goose Lake, 30 miles long and two-thirds of it in Oregon, the rest in California, was almost dry in 1853 and 1854, while in 1869 and 1870 there were 10 feet of water; its depth has been increasing since 1870, and there is a probability of its discharging, as at some former time, into Pit River. Clear Lake also, about two miles farther south, is 10 feet deeper than it was in 1853-4; and Tule Lake, in the same region (the locality of the lava beds where were the hiding places of the Modoc Indians) is 10 or 15 feet higher today than then. Mining and Scientific Press, San Francisco, May 28, 1881, page 339 Mrs. N. A. Dowell, wife of Judge B. F. Dowell, founder of the Jacksonville Sentinel, presided at the meeting, and made the opening address. This lady frequently distinguished herself during her husband's absences from home while the Sentinel was in his possession by conducting that journal with the vigor and ability of an editor to the manor born. The paper was Republican in politics, and she is said to have proved herself able to "out-Herod Herod" in waging an aggressive campaign against the Democratic hosts that menaced her. Abigail Scott Duniway, "Southern Oregon," New Northwest, Portland, October 6, 1881, page 1 The case of B. F. Dowell against Jesse Applegate and his children has been decided by Judge Sawyer in favor of Dowell. It appears that Dowell and Applegate were the sureties of ex-Secretary of State May and Dowell had the bond to pay and the suit was brought to set aside certain conveyances of land by Applegate to his children after they had signed the bond of May. Attorney General Brewster has directed the Griswold property at Salem to be sold on Feb. 8th 1883 to satisfy the judgment recovered against him in favor of the United States brought by B. F. Dowell. "General News," Corvallis Gazette, December 22, 1882, page 4 THE GRISWOLD CASE.--The Griswold block at Salem, sold recently by order of the United States Court, was purchased by Hon. D. P. Thompson of this city for $30,000. It may be considered a bargain, as it is a fine three-story brick building at the corner of Commercial and State streets, in one of the most desirable locations in the city, and when put in order will pay a monthly rental of $400. The block of land belonging to Griswold, on Gaiety Hill, was purchased by J. J. Murphy for something like $2000. There still remains a balance due on the judgment of about $20,000. U.S. Marshal Kearney bid $20,000 and J. J. Murphy $27,000. B. F. Dowell wanted the property, but his pole was not long enough. To liquidate the balance of the judgment Mr. Dowell will attach the old agricultural building, and poor Griswold will be public property for some time yet. Mr. Thompson paid the $30,000 in the United States Court yesterday morning.--Portland Standard. Seattle Daily Post-Intelligencer, February 14, 1883, page 2 Sallie's
House
Dear Hen. Yours of May 16th was received
last night.May 26th 1883. As you have read Dan's [Jesse's son Daniel Webster Applegate] letter to me of the 18th ult. I have nothing new to add about the Dowell affair. Finding Dowell had only bid $400 for my life estate in your mother's land I thought it too small a sum to justify me in any way aiding old age and a complication of diseases in hastening my end. And as my mind seems less impaired than my body I have been seeking employment for it in office work for the R.R. in the engineer department and to take charge of a new town laid out where the R.R. leaves Cow Creek going south [presumably Glendale, Oregon]. But as yet I have not succeeded in getting employment. But as the 60 days time given to redeem the land is nearly run out, and as Dan has to raise about 2000 dollars to pay lawyers and costs, and has no way to do it except by mortgage on his land I must die in a day or two or the $400 has to be paid. So you see any aid you can give him will be very timely to the poor overworked man. Dan & Pete [Jesse's son Peter Skeene Ogden Applegate] being bound for lawyers' fees and costs, an execution is about to issue against them and as they have not the money and cannot borrow except by mortgage on real estate, hence their hurry. [omission?] except the life estate they intend to redeem nothing, but will sell the land and leave a country where even the courts have become swindling shops. Dan tells me you left some debts due you here when you moved off the mountain to be applied to the expenses of the suit. Sallie also has been contributing, but Charley Putnam, who has most of all been benefited, has not helped any, but on the contrary when his part of the suit was determined in his favor there was 70 dollars coming to him for some of his land he had sold before he left here. Instead of contributing even that to help pay expenses he had sent for and took away. Though this suit has greatly damaged all of you so far as money is concerned, yet after the charge made by Dowell of fraud and forgery there was no choice left but to make him prove it, or by compromise tacitly confessing the crimes. And it is some consolation to find that for truth and integrity the name never stood higher, and Dan & Pete are in public employments of the greatest responsibility, which no one with a tainted character could ever reach. Neither Dan nor Pete ask for or expect any assistance from anybody, but it seems to me that those who have been gained by it should contribute something to the expense. Love to Duck and the children, especially Baby. Yrs.
as ever
Southern Oregon Historical
Society Research Library, M23C Box 2Jesse Applegate. B. F. Dowell will sell the Jesse Applegate property in Douglas County on April 26th, to satisfy a judgment obtained by Dowell a short time since. "Local Items," Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, April 7, 1883, page 3 DOWELL VS. APPLEGATE.--In the case of B. F. Dowell against Jesse Applegate and his children an execution has been issued for the costs, amounting to $1,188.40 and accruing costs, and the United States Marshal has levied the same on the wife's part of Applegate's donation claim in Douglas County, and the land will be sold at Roseburg on July 11th to pay the same. The attorney's fees have been probably as much more, so trying to avoid the payment of a legal and just debt is costly litigation. It will be remembered by the readers of the Sentinel that B. F. Dowell bought Jesse Applegate's interest in all his lands some time ago for $7,500. Now he sells the children's interest in their mother's donation to pay the costs of the litigation. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, June 9, 1883, page 3 NEW CHAPTER OPENED.--The Griswold case has come to the surface again, if indeed it has ever been out of sight. Griswold, it will be remembered, asked for a compromise on the balance due the government on the ground that he was insolvent. It was subsequently ascertained that he had standing to his credit on the books of the Third Auditor, claims known as Oregon war claims, amounting to $2197.70. Griswold was examined as to the ownership of these claims and stated that he had assigned these claims to J. H. Albert of Salem, receiving therefor his note for $1900 or $2000, which note he turned over to J. H. Mitchell, to whom he owed $2200, and that he has not seen the note since. At the request of the secretary of state Mr. Albert has been summoned to appear before U.S. Commissioner Paul R. Deady on January 20 for examination in reference to these claims. B. F. Dowell, "our orator," has been notified to be present at the examination, and a new chapter in the already somewhat lengthy history of the Griswold case will be opened. "Local and General," Oregonian, Portland, January 8, 1885, page 3 Mr. B. F. Dowell and family have removed to Portland with the intention of permanently residing there. Mr. Dowell is one of the pioneers of Southern Oregon, and he, with his very excellent wife and accomplished daughters will be sadly missed by a large circle of friends. The Silver Cornet Band serenaded them at their residence on the eve of their departure. We congratulate Portland on this worthy acquisition to its society. "Local Items," Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, May 9, 1885, page 3 MARRIED.
LOVE-DOWELL--In
Portland, at Trinity Church, by Rev. Dr. Foot, May 12, 1885, George M.
Love and Miss Fanchon Dowell.
Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, May 16, 1885, page 3 George Love and wife have returned from Portland and are at present residing at the home farm near town. They will soon make their home in B. F. Dowell's brick residence in Jacksonville. "Local Items," Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, May 23, 1885, page 3 FOR SALE.--The undersigned, having moved to Portland, offers all his household and kitchen furniture for sale at reasonable figures. For further particulars apply to G. A. Hubbell. B.
F. DOWELL.
Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville,
June 13, 1885, page 3Thos. Paulsen, a former resident of Jacksonville, and a brother-in-law of B. F. Dowell, is now the editor of the Farmer and Dairyman, published at Portland. He makes it a very interesting paper. "Local Items," Oregon Sentinel, June 27, 1885, page 3 Pioneer Times.
EXTRACTS FROM THE PETITION OF B. F. DOWELL AND OTHERS ASKING PAY FOR THE DEPREDATIONS OF INDIANS.
Many years ago the Supreme Court of the United States decided the
Indians only had a possessory title to the lands occupied by them.
Johnson vs. McIntosh 8 Wheaton 514. But still the Indians in Oregon were promised pay in blankets and agricultural implements, and these rash promises led to trouble and dissatisfaction. On the 7th of Dec. 1847, Governor George Abernethy, in his annual message to the Oregon Provisional legislature, says: "Our relation with the Indians becomes every year more embarrassing. They see the white man occupying their land, rapidly filling up the country, and they put in a claim for pay. They have been told that a chief would come out from the United States and treat with them for their lands; they have been told this so often that they begin to doubt the truth of it; at all events, they say he will not come until we are all dead, and then what good will blankets do us? We want something now." The government was so slow the Indians demanded pay from the settlers and traders, so it was prudent for them to pay the Indians. In the spring of 1852, John Long bought the right to trade and keep a ferry on Rogue River of Chief Taylor and an Indian wife for $50; in the fall of 1852 James A. Vannoy bought this place of Long, and it has been known as Vannoy's Ferry ever since. Wm. Brisbom and B. F. Dowell bought the right to mine and trade on Rogue River and Grave Creek, within the dominions of the country claimed by Chief Taylor and his band, for the consideration of a hundred pounds of flour and ten pounds of tobacco for the chief, and two bolts of calico for his wife and tribe. These three men never had any trouble with the Indians. But seven miners settled on Rogue River near the mouth of Galice Creek without buying of the Indians, and all seven were murdered by Taylor and his band in December, 1853. No white man in the camp escaped to tell the particulars, and the guilt of the Indians depended on circumstances and their own confessions. Chief Taylor and his band early in the spring of [1853] came to Vannoy's Ferry to trade, and some of them had more gold than was usual, and had on the clothes of the missing miners. They were questioned by the citizens and miners in the vicinity, and their stories were very contradictory. Some of them bitterly denied the murder, and contended the men were all washed away and drowned. Others said they were killed and threw them into the river. The writer of this article was well acquainted with Wm. Grundage, one of the miners. He knew Grundage in the summer of 1852, in Polk County where he [Dowell] was teaching school. One of the Indians had on Grundage's clothes, and the writer of this article saw some of them afterwards at Vannoy's Ferry. Three of the Indians confessed the murder, and excused it on the ground that the miners refused to pay them for their land. In 1852 there were no civil courts established in Jackson County except what was called an [alcalde's] or miner's court, which adopted the common law of the United States as to property, and the Mexican law as to life and death. So these Indians were tried by a miner's jury of twelve men. They were all found guilty, including Chief Taylor, and hung. The first grave ever dug in Jacksonville was for a white man that was shot down by a gambler, and the next grave was for his murderer, who was convicted by a miner's jury, before W. W. Fowler, "alcalde," and hung on a warrant of the "alcalde." White men and Indians were all liable to the same punishment. It was by high miner's court from which no appeal would lie; it was quick and beneficial. It is not more than probable if these miners had, like Brisbom, Long and Dowell, paid the Indians for their privilege of mining there would have been no one murdered; or, if the United States had bought this land of the Indians before the miners and farmers were allowed to settle in the country, would not Taylor and his band been friendly with the whites! Or if the United States had promptly ratified and fulfilled the Table Rock Treaty, your petitioner's property would not have been destroyed in 1855-6. Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, August 21, 1886, page 2 B. F. DOWELL.
Democratic
Times, Jacksonville, January 7, 1887, page 1
B. F. Dowell left Portland last Saturday for Washington to represent
Oregon Indian depredation claimants before Congress. If he does not
secure their payment nobody else need try. When Dowell lets go of
anything he undertakes, the cause is hopeless. When he started in on
the Oregon Indian war claims 20 years ago, he stayed with Congress day
and night, and camped in the midst of the enemy continuously for 14
years, and didn't give them time for a breathing spell until they had
passed his bills. Then he tackled the departments, and made it hot for
the War and Treasury departments, from the secretaries down to the
clerks and messengers, until his claims were paid. When Griswold
tackled him on those claims, and induced the Secretary of the Treasury
to suspend all of Dowell's claims and disbar him from practicing before
that department, he camped on the trail of his enemy until the order
was revoked, and chased him through all the courts in Oregon. At the
end of ten or twelve years he had a judgment for all of Griswold's
$100,000 worth of property that the lawyers had not already got away
with. When Jesse Applegate tried to get out of paying his half of the
"Sam May steal," as Dowell always termed it, by deeding the Yoncalla
homestead to his children, Dowell put the mills of the law to grinding
and at the end of ten or twelve years secured a deed from the court to
the Yoncalla property, which he now owns. The most serious defeat
perhaps that Dowell ever suffered in his encounters with mules as
packmaster during the Indian wars, with the Indians themselves, with
lawyers and courts, or with Congressmen and Presidents and cabinet
officers, was when Secretary of War Stanton ordered him out of his
office. Stanton had become so hardened by the war and so soured on
humanity that even Dowell, with the staying qualities of Wellington at
Waterloo and the cheek of a brass cannon, was promptly fired out. The
claims he was then trying to collect were just, and should have been
paid long before they were. The claims he is now pressing are also just
and meritorious, and if Dowell lives ten or twelve years longer,
Congress will have to provide for paying them, and the sooner it is
done the better it will be for the unhappy men who, in the language of Bob
Ingersoll,
"break into Congress," for Dowell will run down two or three
Congressmen every morning before breakfast until his bill is passed,
whether it takes one session or 14 sessions.--Eugene Journal.
The sale of the Dowell property took place last Saturday and was not much of a success. The brick dwelling house in Jacksonville was bought by T. G. Reames at $1100; the law office was bid in for the school fund at $95; the mining land on Wagner Creek was purchased by H. Amerman and E. K. Anderson at $360, while Mr. Amerman bid in the agricultural land at $400. "Here and There," Democratic Times, Jacksonville, March 16, 1888, page 3 The Sage of Yoncalla.
Jesse Applegate,
known to nearly every resident, and especially pioneers of Oregon, died
at the home of
his son, Alexander Applegate, in the Yoncalla Valley, on
Sunday, April 22. Born in Kentucky in 1811, came to Missouri in 1822,
and was one of the leaders of the immigration from Missouri to Oregon
in 1843. He settled on a farm in Polk County, near where
Dallas now stands, and was employed in surveying here and at Oregon
City. In
1849 Jesse moved to the Umpqua Valley with his brother, Charles. Mr.
Applegate has been prominent in Oregon,
and especially in the politics of Southern Oregon. He was a member of
the Oregon constitutional convention. In l876 Mr. Applegate with B. F.
Dowell went on the bonds of Samuel E. May, who had been re-elected
secretary of state. May afterward became a defaulter, and Dowell paid
his bond. He has since worried Applegate in the courts until the
latter's property was all gone, part to Dowell, and part to pay
lawyer's and court fees, until finally the strain on his nervous system
became
too great, and "Uncle Jesse," as everybody called him, became partially
insane. He was discharged from the asylum as
much improved a few months ago, but has never recovered. He was a
good man, and his hand has many times relieved the poor and
needy. He
was one of the founders of this state, and his
memory will long remain green in the minds of those who have any
appreciation of the work of the early pioneers.Capital Journal, Salem, April 24, 1888, page 3 B. F. DOWELL.
The
Select Committee on Indian Depredation Claims, to whom was referred the
bill (H.R. 2813) for the relief of B. F. Dowell,
submit the following
report:SEPTEMBER 14, 1888.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House and ordered to be printed. Mr. HERMANN, from the Select Committee on Indian Depredation Claims, submitted the following R E P O R T: [To accompany bill H.R. 2813.] Your committee find that on October 22, 1855, during the hostilities in Southern Oregon the Rogue River Indians, who were at war, stole and carried off one mule, the property of claimant, which is proven to be of the value of $200, and to have been the property of claimant, and to have been stolen by said Indians without any fault or neglect on the part of claimant, and it further appears that said animal was never recovered and no compensation ever received therefor. We therefore recommend the payment of said sum of $200. Reports of Committees of the House of Representatives for the First Session of the Fiftieth Congress, 1887-88, Report No. 3463 The route from Eugene through Southern Oregon was little traveled and not very well known. B. F. Dowell agreed to guide Colonel Kelly and myself to the end of the journey in Jacksonville. We gladly accepted his escort. The clique candidates had already started upon the journey, two days in advance. The canvassing party consisted of Delazon Smith, Lafayette Grover, Asahel Bush and Lucien Heath. Colonel Kelly and I were joined on the first day from Eugene by John Whiteaker, clique candidate for Governor, who continued in our company the remainder of the way into Jacksonville. Dowell was a trusty and invaluable guide. He thoroughly knew every cutoff and byway. Where the road was difficult from rains and deep mud he led us direct routes over adjacent hills and by circuitous meandering as though ours was a surveying party. He had traveled the route many times, was conversant with its every feature, had scraped or formed acquaintance with every dweller. All the old folks knew him the moment he spoke, the young folks hailed him, the youngsters rushed to or ran from him, agreeably as he had impressed them. His was not, as the churchly member of the Oregon assembly remarked to James D. Fay in the session of 1862, a "Christly voice," but no sane mortal lives who ever failed to recognize the organ of speech of the indomitable, almost ubiquitous and irrepressible B. F. Dowell, attorney at law and indefatigable pursuer of claims in Washington for Oregon and Washington Indian war services for damages or losses, and the never-let-go agent of kindred claims. Colonel Kelly and I will forever owe the obligation incurred on that memorable journey to Jacksonville, to B. F. Dowell, guide and entertainer as he was throughout. James O'Meara, "Our Pioneer History," Oregonian, Portland, November 9, 1890, page 16 INDIAN WAR CLAIMS.
B. F. Dowell writes from Washington:
"In 1851 General Lane with about 100 volunteers and a few regulars under Major Kearny captured the wives of Joe and Sam, the head chiefs of the Rogue River Indians. Major Kearny took them with him as far as Yreka and then delivered the prisoners to General Lane to bring them back to Oregon. He brought all the prisoners back to the old crossing of Rogue River, near where Grants Pass now stands, and General Gaines came out and perhaps Mr. Dart, the first Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Oregon, and a written treaty was made between the whites and Indians, by which the Indians ceded to the United States all their lands south of Rogue River. [In the treaty the Rogue Rivers promised to restore stolen property, but not to give up land.] This treaty was never ratified by the Senate, and some whites and a few bands of bad Indians broke the treaty, time and again, but the head chiefs, Joe, Sam and Jim, never claimed any part of their lands south of Rogue River after this treaty was made and they never willfully violated the terms of the treaty. Bad Indians broke it and made war. "When Gen. Lane, General Palmer, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and Samuel H. Culver, Indian agent in 1853, made the treaty which was ratified by the Senate, it provided, according to the terms of the former treaty, that the Indians should pay for all the property destroyed by the Indians during the Rogue River war. As soon as it was mentioned Joe, the head chief, said, 'That is just; the Indians broke the Joe Lane treaty and they must fulfill the contract.' A claim to this effect was put in the treaty, and it provided for a commission to be appointed to assess the damages. Hon. A. C. Gibbs, Hon. L. F. Grover and Indian Agent George H. Ambrose were appointed a commission to assess the damages. They assessed to the citizens of Rogue River Valley upwards of $43,000, and yet to this day only $15,000 has ever been appropriated to pay it, much less have they paid, according to the contract. [$15,000 of the $60,000 paid under the treaty for the Rogue Rivers' lands was reserved to pay damages resulting from the 1853 war; it was divided among the claimants, who petitioned for $43,140.75 in damages.] "A bill has passed Congress giving the courts jurisdiction, so these claimants and all just Indian depredation claimants can recover. "The Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior have recommended the payment of the balance of this debt several times; and no committee of Congress has ever refused to pay it or uttered a word against the appropriation. This is American politics, not American honesty. "Mr. Mitchell, at my request, made a motion for the Secretary of the Interior to furnish the Senate with a copy of this treaty of 1851, so it may be published and used as evidence on the trial of these cases before the committees and before Congress. The motion was unanimously agreed to by the Senate. "Mr. Mitchell, also at my request, tried to get through George L. Curry's, late governor of Oregon, message on the hostilities of the Indians and the prices in Jacksonville from 1851 to 1857 printed. The message contains the affidavits of Judge Rosborough and Judge E. Steele, late Indian agent in Northern California, and seven of the most prominent merchants of Jacksonville in the early settlement of the town and country. It is the best evidence on the hostilities of the Indians and the prices in the early settlement of the mines in Southern Oregon and Northern California; but on application to the congressional library only one copy could be found of the Council Journal of 1856-59 of the Oregon legislative assembly, which contained this valuable information. The rules of the library in such cases prohibit the volume from leaving the capital, so I have sent home to Portland for my bound volume containing the governor's message and all the documents about the hostilities of the Indians and the prices of provisions, hay and oats in Jacksonville. Mr. Mitchell will bring it up again as soon as my book arrives." Democratic Times, Jacksonville, March 13, 1891, page 1 B. F. Dowell, well known to every old Oregonian, has at last obtained from the United States government payment for his mule which was killed by the Indians on Cow Creek, in Southern Oregon, in 1855. The full value which he claimed for the mule--$200--has been paid. It reminds one very forcibly of Mark Twain's sketch, "The Great Beef Contract," except that Dowell has been more persistent in pushing this claim than any other man could have been for thirty-six long years. Harrison B. Kincaid, editor of the Eugene Journal, who spent fifteen years in Washington, and knows the old man well, makes this comment: "He has never rested, and has not permitted Congress and the executive departments of the government to rest much, either, until finally he has worn out the whole government--six generations of senators, eighteen congresses, nine presidents and hundreds of clerks and understrappers in the departments. Other men have accumulated millions and the world has been full of opportunities for Dowell to have made vastly more than he has out of Oregon war claims in the thirty-six years he has battled for his rights and the rights of his clients, but he believed he and they had been wronged by a great government, and that it was his duty to carry on the struggle until their rights were secured, and he has done it. In downright perseverance and pertinacity we have never seen his equal, and never expect to see it. He is now about 70 years old, but is as active and as sharp as the average young lawyer of 30, and has more energy and pluck to prosecute a difficult case in any of the courts or in any department of the government than a whole regiment of ordinary lawyers." Oregonian, Portland, November 15, 1891, page 4 His Pluck and Persistency Won.
Springfield, Mass., Republican.
Thirty-six years ago, in 1855, B. F. Dowell, then a resident of Cow
Creek, in Southern Oregon, owned a mule valued at $200. In that year
some of Uncle Sam's wards, the Sioux or Bannocks, killed that mule, and
farmer Dowell swore a mighty oath that Uncle Sam should pay for it. To
their cost, Congressmen, Senators and secretaries, not to mention
department officials, know how well Dowell has kept that vow. Through
eighteen congresses and nine administrations he has been persistent, in
season and out of season, in pressing his claim. Vigorous, aggressive
and persistent, he was never the typical disappointed claimant,
heartsick with waiting the slow action of an ungrateful government, but
rather a thorn in the flesh and an aggravation to the dilatory powers.
At last his reward came, and he stood a concrete illustration of all
the adages which foretell the triumph of perseverance. Slowly the
opposition to his demand wore away under his constant attrition, and a
few days ago Dowell stood with Uncle Sam's promises to pay the bearer
$200 in his hands, and that mule was paid for. True, the time and
strength devoted to the gaining of this $200 would probably have earned
the farmer nobody knows how many times that amount, if directed in
other directions. Devoted to study it would have placed him among the
wise of the earth; to politics it would have given him anything from
the office of village magistrate to president; or applied to invention
it would have made a Whitney or an Edison. But Mr. Dowell wanted pay
for that mule, and friends and neighbors, whose claims he joined with
his own, wanted their losses made good also. There was thus something
of chivalry in this long fight; it was for justice that this
farmer-lawyer from Oregon was fighting, as well as for $200. It came to
be a matter of duty with him to carry on this struggle, so that there
is a moral satisfaction in his victory. Therefore it is that his
courage, persistency and loyalty to the principle he believed to be at
stake compel admiration and congratulations on his notable victory.
Seattle Post-Intelligencer, December 9, 1891, page 2 THIRTY-SIX years ago, in 1855, B. F. Dowell, then a resident of Cow Creek, in Southern Oregon, owned a mule valued at $200. In that year some of Uncle Sam's wards, the Sioux or Bannocks, killed that mule, and farmer Dowell swore a mighty oath that Uncle Sam should pay for it. To their cost, Congressmen, Senators and secretaries, not to mention department officials, know how well Dowell has kept that vow. Through eighteen congresses and nine administrations he has been persistent, in season and out of season, in pressing his claim. Vigorous, aggressive and persistent, he was never the typical disappointed claimant, heartsick with waiting the slow action of an ungrateful government, but rather a thorn in the flesh and an aggravation to the dilatory powers. At last his reward came, and he stood a concrete illustration of all the adages which foretell the triumph of perseverance. Slowly the opposition to his demand wore away under his constant attrition, and a few days ago Dowell stood with Uncle Sam's promises to pay the bearer $200 in his hands, and that mule was paid for. "Accidents and Incidents of Everyday Life," McKean Democrat, Smethport, Pennsylvania, December 25, 1891, page 4 DOWELL, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, is a native of Albemarle County, Va., where he was born, October 31st, 1826. His grandmother on the paternal side was a niece of the celebrated Benjamin Franklin, statesman and philosopher. Mr. Dowell's mother was a Virginian and a woman of education and refinement. Her maiden name was Dalton, and her people came originally from Scotland. The Dowells were of English extraction. During childhood Benjamin removed with his parents to Shelby County, Tenn. Here he was sent to the academy, and received the foundations of a good mental training. Having concluded his studies, he returned to Virginia and entered the state university. He read law books and listened to lectures with great diligence and success, graduating in law in 1847, before he was twenty-one years old. His university career was in every particular distinguished. Going back to Tennessee, he opened a law office at Raleigh, and afterward at Memphis. His success in his profession was immediate, but, like most young men possessing the spirit of enterprise and adventure, he desired to travel and see the great outside world for himself. When the California gold fields were discovered, he determined on trying his fortune beyond the Rocky Mountains. Forming a sort of partnership with three young men of his own caliber, he went up the river to St. Joseph, Mo., and from that point commenced the long journey to the Pacific Coast in the spring of 1850. After experiencing the usual vicissitudes associated with travel on the plains in those days, he arrived at Sacramento, Cal. Here he was attacked by cholera, and on his partial recovery, the doctors advised him to move northward. On October 5th he left San Francisco for Portland, taking passage on a small schooner. When the mouth of the Columbia was reached, a violent storm arose, and the little vessel was driven out to sea, almost a wreck. Finally a safe landing was effected at Astoria, the entire voyage from San Francisco covering a period of thirty-five days. In 1852 Mr. Dowell was engaged in packing and trading in Southern Oregon, a business which he followed with success until 1856, when he determined on going back to the old profession. Accordingly, he opened a law office in Jacksonville, in 1857, and speedily had all the work that he could attend to. From 1852 to 1885 Mr. Dowell resided in Jacksonville. Since the latter date he has made Portland his home. Though a man who could earn an honorable livelihood in almost any field of exertion, he is a lawyer through and through, and delights in the practice of his profession. He has never hankered after public position, and though many times elected to local offices, he has preferred the work of a private lawyer to any distinction that his fellow citizens could bestow on him. He was at one time appointed District Judge by the Governor of Tennessee, and for brief periods he served as Prosecuting Attorney of the First Judicial District of Oregon, and as United States District Attorney; but, as a rule, he has declined political honors. For fourteen years, from 1865, he was owner of the Oregon Sentinel. He employed editors and compositors to do the practical work of the paper, continuing the practice of the legal profession all the time. While in Washington he sent some vigorous communications to the Sentinel, but when at home he rarely contributed to the columns of the journal. Though Mr. Dowell voted for Breckenridge in 1860, he did it in order to keep peace between North and South. A Whig by training and conviction, he strenuously opposed the dismemberment of the States, and when the war began he naturally fell in with the Republicans, and did all he could to make sure that the rebels got a good whipping. He was the first man west of the Rocky Mountains to bring forward the name of General Grant as candidate for the Presidency of the United States, and he also strongly advised the nomination and helped to secure the election of Benjamin Harrison. A sketch of Mr. Dowell's career would be incomplete if it did not include the narration of certain romantic events associated with his early manhood. During the Indian outbreak in Oregon, forty years ago, he operated a pack train which carried merchandise from the Willamette Valley, Scottsburg, and Crescent City to the mines in Jacksonville, Ore., and Yreka, Cal. He voluntarily placed at the disposal of the military authorities himself and his train as long as they might be required. The historian of the Pacific States, Mr. Bancroft, highly lauds Mr. Dowell for his patriotic conduct during those troubled times. He was in the quartermaster's department in 1863, when a detachment of soldiers, under the command of Lieutenant Eli, was detailed to discover the camp of the Indians. Though not called upon to engage in active hostilities, he volunteered to join the expedition. They found the savages on Evans Creek, and then went down to a place about five miles distant, where wood, water, and grass were easily procurable. The commanding officer, lacking experience, failed to post sentinels around the temporary camp. The result was that the Indians surprised and fired upon the detachment, killing one-fourth of the command and wounding as many more at the first fusillade. All the animals, except one, were captured by the enemy. The beast that escaped was ridden by a man who made for headquarters, distant about thirty-five miles. Meanwhile, the soldiers took to the timber, and from early morning until late in the evening gallantly contended against five hundred ferocious savages. Mr. Dowell was in the thick of the fight, and to this day asserts that it was about the hottest position he was ever placed in during his life. Finally reinforcements arrived, and the Indians were driven back. Mr. Dowell was in Colonel Kelly's four days' fight on the Walla Walla, in 1855. The volunteers secured two four-pound howitzers, with which they proposed to play havoc with the Indians. Two officers took charge of one piece, while Mr. Dowell took control of the other. On the second day the first-mentioned gun was overcharged and went to pieces. Mr. Dowell, thus placed in supreme command of the artillery, invented there and then a gun carriage, and placed it on the back of one of his best mules. The invention was a complete success, and not only astounded the Indians, but contributed much to their defeat. Mr. Dowell was married to Miss Anna Campbell in 1861. They have two daughters and one son. The elder daughter married Mr. G. M. Love, and the younger, Annie E., has studied law, and is thoroughly posted in her profession. Julian Hawthorne, The Story of Oregon, vol. II, New York 1892, pages 217-223 The mention of Dowell's gun carriage has engendered a myth that the howitzer was fired while on the mule's back. Mr. B. F. Dowell, a septuagenarian, has just won a claim for 200 dollars, after 36 years of litigation, against the United States government for the value of a mule killed by the Indians in 1855. Windsor and Richmond Gazette, Windsor, Australia, October 29, 1892, page 10 DOWELL, BENJAMIN F., was born in Albemarle County, Virginia, October 31, 1836. The family soon after moved to Shelby County, Tennessee. He graduated in law at the State University of Virginia in 1847, and practiced in Tennessee. In 1850 he went to California and the same year came to Oregon. In 1852 he engaged in trading and packing in Southern Oregon. In 1857 he resumed the practice of law in Jacksonville, and in 1862 was elected prosecuting attorney. In 1865 he purchased the Oregon Sentinel, of Jacksonville, and was the first Pacific Coast editor to advocate the enfranchisement of the negro and the nomination of General Grant for the presidency. Of late years he has spent a great deal of time in pushing Indian war claims at Washington, and is located in his practice in Portland. Republican League Register, Portland, 1896, page 202 Benjamin Franklin Dowell was born in Albemarle County, Virginia, October 31, 1826. During childhood his parents removed to Shelby County, Tennessee, where he received his early education, prior to his entering the University of Virginia, from which he graduated in the law course in 1847. After graduation he returned to Tennessee and started in the practice of his profession, first at Raleigh, later at Memphis. In 1850 he gave up his practice in Tennessee and started for the gold fields of California, but being attacked by the cholera, he left for Oregon as soon as he was able, settling at Jacksonville, where he resided from 1852 to 1885. In 1856 he opened a law office in Jacksonville and built up one of the largest private practices in the state. Although actively practicing his profession, he was for fourteen years owner of the Oregon Sentinel and controlled the destinies of this well-known publication. He was a Republican, but never aspired for office, nevertheless he held several local offices and was at one time District Judge in Tennessee; also Prosecuting Attorney of the First Judicial District of Oregon and United States District Attorney for brief periods. History of the Bench and Bar of Oregon, 1910, page 265 IN EARLY DAYS
Lewis McMorris has lived in Walla Walla for the past 59 years. I
visited him recently at his home in Walla Walla and he told me of Walla
Walla's early days.By Fred Lockley "I was born in Ohio on August 12, 1831, so you see I am in my eighty-fourth year," said Mr. McMorris. "In the fall of 1839 we moved to Shelby County, Illinois. I was past 20 when I started for Oregon in April, 1852. James Craig, who was about my father's age, having been born in 1806, was my partner. My father fitted me out for the trip. We had a good wagon and five yoke of oxen. We crossed the Missouri at St. Joe on May Day. I had the cholera but I pulled through. There was a heap of folks who didn't. We saw new graves at every camping place. We reached Foster's on September 15. "We came down into Clackamas County. On the Molalla we stopped at Howard's flour and grist mill and sold our outfit to old man Howard. We bought six cayuses and started for the Southern Oregon mines. We mined for a spell at Sailor Diggings, just beyond Althouse Creek, not far from Kerbyville. From Sailor Diggings we went to Sucker Creek. Next year my partner, Mr. Craig, went to Crescent City, on the California coast and took up a ranch. I mined at Yreka, Scott's Bar and other camps until the summer of 1855. I started with B. F. Dowell's pack train for Dallas, in Polk County. Dowell was a good packer and a good man to be with. His son is the fire chief in Portland, they tell me. "I came from Jacksonville to Dallas with Dowell. When we got to Dallas the government hired Dowell and his pack train to transport supplies for the soldiers. Colonel Nesmith was in command of the troops. Dowell, Warren Smith and myself were hired as packers. We went to The Dalles and from there to the Yakima country. The soldiers had some skirmishes with the Indians on this trip. We were ordered to go back to The Dalles and take supplies to Colonel Kelly's command in the Umatilla country. We went from Umatilla to Wallula and from there we went with the troops into the Touchet country. We had a running fight with the Cayuse Indians on the Touchet. Peu-peu-mox-mox came in with a white flag so they took him prisoner. He had four or five Cayuse Indians with him and a Nez Perce boy. Our skirmish turned into a battle. Wounded men were being brought back to the rear where Peu-peu-mox-mox and the other Indian prisoners were. Orders came to send part of the guard to the front. The soldiers tried to tie the Indians. They resisted being tied, so the soldiers killed all of them but the Nez Perce boy. I was standing quite close to them when it happened. I was unpacking the mule that had the surgeon's instruments in its pack. I stopped and watched the killing of Peu-peu-mox-mox and the others. It only took two or three minutes, then I went on with my unpacking and got the surgical instruments and the hospital steward's supplies. When I had unpacked the mule there didn't seem to be anything else to do so I picked up a gun that one of the wounded soldiers had brought back with him and went to the front, where there was something doing. I stayed on the firing line all day. They brought Captain Bennett's body out of the brush near where I was. He was from Salem. He had been killed charging some Indians sheltered in a settler's cabin. "After the fight was over they ordered us to go to The Dalles for more supplies. We returned with the supplies and were then ordered to go to Fort Henrietta--Echo it is now called--on the Umatilla River. On Wild Horse Creek, about where Athena now is, the Indians attacked us and stampeded our horses and pack mules. We only had one pony left. One of the men rode back to the volunteers' camp on Mill Creek, about six miles above the present city of Walla Walla, and told the officer in command. He sent down some horses and an escort and we took the supplies on to their camp. The Indians had put us out of a job by stealing our pack outfit, so we went to The Dalles. The government paid Dowell for his stolen animals and I hired out to the quartermaster's department of the regular army. "I was assigned to Colonel Wright's command as a packer. In the summer of 1856 I was sent to The Dalles to fit out a wagon train for Walla Walla. I was assigned to Colonel Steptoe's command. That fall we built a blockhouse here at Walla Walla for a fort and a number of cabins as temporary quarters. The cabins were built of logs with pole and dirt roofs. Some of the soldiers knew how to thatch the roofs, and so the officers' cabins had thatched roofs. "I spent the winter of '56-57 herding our mules. In the spring of '57 I helped get out and haul the logs to build the permanent quarters for the fort. I was made assistant wagon master and had 26 wagons in my charge. We hauled supplies from The Dalles and used to bring in recruits from there also. "In the fall of '57 I went to the Willamette Valley intending to take up a farm between Silverton and Salem. Captain Friedman and Neal McGlechey secured an Indian trader's license and hired me to haul their goods to Walla Walla, where they established a store. I did their freighting from Wallula to Walla Walla. The goods were brought from The Dalles to Wallula in bateaux. "I built the first house south of Main Street in Walla Walla. It was on the corner of Third and Main streets. This was in the spring of '58. I freighted, ran a pack train to Boise and also to the Idaho mines, and later ran a stage from Dayton to Lewiston. No, I never took time to look around and find a wife; somehow I never got around to it, and by the time the country got settled and women were plenty I had got over the notion of marrying. I have been in Walla Walla since '56 and have seen the place grow from one or two log cabins to a city of 25,000 people." Oregon Journal, Portland, April 19, 1915, page 4 Benjamin Franklin Dowell arrived in California Aug. 7th, 1850, arrived in Oregon Nov. 27th same year. On account of sickness came to Oregon, by physician's advice. Spent winter in Portland and Oregon City. In the spring of '51, taught school 3 months in Polk Co. Summer, fall & winter of '52, in Marion Co. in the Waldo Hills neighborhood. He commenced trading from Salem to Jacksonville in the spring of '52 with [a] pack train. While in Portland [he] practiced law, but with very little to do, which with poverty was compelled to teach school being then reduced to 7.50. In the spring received a small amount of money from home, bought a pack train and commenced packing and trading from Salem & Crescent City, Cal. Followed it very successfully for four years. In the winter [of] '52 and '53 bought 4500 [lbs. of] flour of Hon. J. W. Nesmith's in Polk Co. at his mill, at 10 cts. per lb. and transported on pack train to Jackson Co. and Yreka and sold it from $1.00 to 1.25 a pound. He had all 500 lbs. of butter, bought at .50 sold at 1.50 per lb. 500 lbs. of salt, paid 15 cts. and sold for $2 and $3 a lb. Others had sold as high as $16 a lb. at Yreka--before I came with this quantity. 200 lbs. of onions for .25 sold at 2.00 a lb. Coffee, sugar etc. in proportion. For tobacco .50 a lb. sold for $5.00. Paid common laborers 4.00 a day for assisting him. In the winter of '53 he made a trip to Scottsburg in Douglas Co. buying supplies similar to those bought before, averaging .50 a lb. profit at sale in Jacksonville. In March and April '53 made a trip to Crescent City, bought 10,000 lbs. bacon at 10 cts. lb. at auction; transported to Jacksonville and sold it within a month of time of having left the place for 75 cts. a lb. Not having money enough to pay the total amt., he borrowed money at 5 cts. a month, but soon canceled that debt. He had previously bought nearly cargo enough to load the mules, and had difficulties in transporting this extra cargo. He did very little business through the summer, but engaged in the Rogue River War in Aug. & Sept. & Oct. & Nov. of '53. He was one of the first in it & last out. The severest trial of Mr. Dowell's life was during this war. Lt. Ely from Yreka called for some volunteers to go out and hunt the Indians; he raised a company of 22. They proceed[ed] about 20 miles north of Jacksonville to what is known as Evans Creek--we found the Indians in full force--their party thought they were unobserved by the Indians, and returned to the Meadows on Evans Creek, turned out our horses and began getting breakfast at 10 o'clock. It was an open prairie; the first thing the whites knew then was a volley fired by the Indians. Four or five were killed; they retreated to the timber, 300 yards distant, on foot as the Indians had taken all their horses--here the little band remaining fought the whole Rogue River Indians from 10 o'clock until four in the evening, only eleven escaped unhurt. It seemed death to leave or death to stay. About four o'clock, Capt. Alden with two companies came to their relief and the Indians disappeared. This was the hardest battle ever fought in this section of country, in proportion to size--with the exception of the encounter in beginning, war of 1855-56, that Mistress Mary Harris and Sophia Harris fought (the same band of Indians) nearly all day, alone. The Indians stopped at the house of Mr. Harris, called for him, he went to the door and opened it and was instantly shot mortally, falling dead into the arms of his wife and daughter. Their son had gone out to hunt cattle, and never was heard of again. Mrs. Harris at once closed the door and made it a fortification; they remained in it a long while until the house was fired when they retired into the brush, taking the gun with them which they had fired from the house. Immediately after the wounding of Mr. Harris, they had dragged him into the house, and taking his gun and loading it. The body was burned up with the house. Miss Harris was shot but not mortally. They defended themselves in the brush until troops came to their relief from Jacksonville 25 miles distant. Mrs. Harris still living. She afterwards [married] a Mr. Aaron Chambers. Miss Harris married John Love of Jacksonville, but died in '69 of smallpox. The Rogue River War was commenced by Shasta Indians who had been driven from Shasta Valley. They killed a man named James Kyle, within hearing of the center of the town on the road coming from Yreka Sat. night Aug. 2nd, '53. This fired the citizens & miners acting made indiscriminate war on the Rogue River Indians. A meeting of the citizens were called that night. They slaughtered indiscriminating war on Rogue River or Shasta Indians, though of the latter there were but few, and so those most guilty suffered the least. Two Indians were captured on Applegate, which is a tributary of Rogue River, lying 8 miles south of Jacksonville. These Indians had on the war paint; they were brought to Jacksonville and in a few hours hung by the citizens and probably justly. But the saddest part of the tale remains to be told. About four o'clock in the evening, two farmers from Butte Creek brought in town a little Indian boy 8 or 9 years old. The cry was Hang him! exterminate the Indian! The miners put a rope around his neck & led him towards the tree where the others were hung. B. F. Dowell mounted a log in the vicinity, made a brief speech to the excited crowd of 1000 men, in behalf of the Indian & humanity. Someone cried out what will you do with him? I replied "Take him to the tavern and feed him at my expense." The excitement subsided & they gave me the Indian. Mr. Dowell removed the rope from his neck & led him toward the tavern. At this moment Martin Angel, an old citizen & brave soldier, rode up in an excited manner, cried out, "hang him! hang him! we've been killing Indians all day!" The excited mob rushed and took the Indian from Mr. Dowell, and in a moment had the boy hanging from the same tree from which the two men were suspended. Mr. Dowell resisted after the rope was placed the second time and cut the rope, but the crowd seized him and held him until the execution occurred. Less than a year and a half after in Jany. '56 Martin Angel paid the forfeit of his crime by being assassinated by the Indians on the road above Jacksonville leading to Crescent City. This boy had been employed with the farmers on Butte Creek--farming. During the Rogue River War Mr. Dowell carried the mail between Cañonville and Yreka as mail contractor, and never was molested by the Indians. After the war, Chief Limpy told him that he could have killed him several times, but that he wouldn't hurt a paper man and one who had tried to save a "tenas tillicum," little papoose. Near the close of the Rogue River War after the treaty there were hostile Indians east of the mountains on the emigrant road. Mr. Dowell went to them [the emigrants] with his pack train to supply them with provisions. There was nothing of special interest, except that the emigrants were destitute and the Indians hostile and the company guarded the road until the emigrants came in--they provided the emigrants with food. The Modocs were not subdued, and a portion of the Rogue River that adjoined them [sic]. The year following, early in the summer, they were killing stock on the Siskiyou Mts. ([named for] a dead horse) and as soon as the emigration commenced coming in, large bands collected together on Lost River on the southern emigrant road near the dividing line between Oregon & Cal. Gov. John W. Davis issued orders to Col. John E. Ross to call out a company for the protection of the emigrants. A company was organized of 72 men rank and file by the election of Jesse Walker as Capt. who immediately moved to the scene of Indian hostilities. He fought and whipped the Modocs & made peace with them which lasted until 1872. He then moved against the Piutes in the vicinity of Goose Lake, Oregon and Surprise Valley, Cal. A detachment of the company went as far as Humboldt River and returned with the last emigration in Nov., discharged, being out 96 days. I should have mentioned that before making the treaty with the Piutes, Capt. Walker was four or five days treating with them, both afraid of the treachery of the other. The Indians retreated to an island in Tule Lake, which is a sink of Lost River. (This river rises in a mtn. west of Goose Lake & runs N.E. & southwest and sinks in the sand near Klamath River--a singular freak of nature, it has since become famous for the lava beds of the Modoc War of '72.) Communication was kept up by 2 or 3 squaws who could speak jargon distinctly. By entreaties & threats & promises, they finally agreed never to fight the whites any more, and as a token of their good behavior, they agreed to eat & camp with us, and 50 or 100 did so. After this emigrants passed through the country without any guard. In every Indian war Mr. Dowell took an active part with his pack train. Mr. Dowell emigrated here as a Whig, acting with it [the party] as long as it was in existence. In the election of Lincoln the first time, was opposed to it to the bitter end, voting for Breckinridge & Lane, the only vote Mr. Dowell ever gave Mr. Lane or any of his family. After the war was begun joined the Republicans continuing with [them] until the present time. Purchased the Oregon Sentinel in '63, and was the proprietor of it until Feb. '78 when he sold it out to a Republican. It has been one of the leading papers of Oregon, leading the Republican Party to victory with a Democratic majority against us. Grave Creek was named from the following circumstance. In the fall of '47 a Miss Leland of the emigrant train died and was buried beside the creek, close to where the blacksmith's shop now stands, on the present main traveled stage road. The Indians opened the grave & disinterred her for her clothes, leaving the grave open. The open grave & the remains were visible to every traveler passing by from 1847 to '55--during the war of '55 a party of volunteers, commanded by Twogood and Bates, they killed a number of Indians and threw their bodies into the grave which was then finally closed and made level with the rest of the ground. The Oregon Legislature passed an act naming the creek Leland, but the citizens had known the old name too long to accept the change, and it has never been recognized. The P.O. & stage stand near the [blacksmith] shop is named Leland. Rogue River, by the same Legislature, had its name changed to Gold River, but the effort was futile. Custom is stronger than legislative assemblies. The name originated from two causes. The Indians called it when Mr. Dowell was here in '52 "Logue Liber." The Indians stole the stock of the first emigrants who passed this way, & from these two circumstances the whites named it Rogue River. Goose Lake near the Sierra Mts. is situated about half way between Oregon & Cal. near the eastern boundary of Oregon. It derives its name from the first emigrants finding immense droves of wild geese. The origin of the name Klamath will be found in Fremont's travels, published by the Senate in '52. Siskiyou Mtns. was named by the first emigrants finding a dead horse, which in Indian language is Siskiyou. In 1851 in Polk Co., Oregon there was a man killed on the Rickreall River; he had been robbed of his watch; he accused the murderer of the theft, who to save his honor maliciously shot him in the field while plowing. The murderer & his brother and R. S. Dunlap was indicted for the murder in Polk Co. At the first court, his brother was convicted as an accessory after the fact. The murderer was condemned to be hung, and the brother sentenced to the penitentiary for three years. The jury [was] hung as to Dunlap--the trial of Dunlap was removed to Yamhill Co. He was convicted & sentenced to be hung, but afterward pardoned. He is living and for many years has been a good citizen of Jackson Co., Oregon. When on the gallows the murderer confessed the theft & murder & told where the watch was concealed. There being no penitentiary & no county jail, the co. court ordered the brother who was condemned to be sold to the highest bidder & James Prater became the purchaser for $100. The time of his sentencing, three years, was faithfully served out first in Polk Co. and then in Douglas Co., on Deer Creek, where Mr. Prater still resides. Mr. Dowell will supply all the names. At the close of the Oregon territorial career, an act of the Legislature required all indictments to be found at Roseburg, but the trial sittings were held in each county. By some mishap an indictment was left at Roseburg, in place of sending to Josephine at Kerbyville, and he was placed upon his trial by then-Judge M. P. Deady, upon the affidavit of the prosecuting attorney of W. G. T'Vault, and tried by a jury of the county and acquitted. That was almost equivalent to a mob, and yet the man who tried him is one of the ablest & best judges of the Pacific Coast. The judge when upbraided by the attorney upon his injudicial act, said it was done by the consent of the criminal, and that he was sure he would be acquitted and that it might be as well ended then as kept on hand. In 1861, in the case of Allen Farnham against the Eagle Mill Co. (the property in contention cost about $80,000) J. H. Reed & B. F. Dowell were opposing attorneys in the case, the former in the closing of the speech on some dilatory motion remarked that he intended to will this lawsuit to his son. At this time Judge Reed had three children, one a son, while Mr. Dowell was a bachelor. In Mr. Dowell's reply, he said he jocularly said he would get married and get a boy that would beat his in a lawsuit. This was all in open court. Not long after Mr. Dowell married and the first issue was a daughter. At the close the first term of court, the judge, clerk & the attorney proposed to try Mr. Dowell for not keeping his agreement in regard to the boy. The clerk, Wm. Horton, who was a strict elder in the Presbyterian Church, was induced by the judge & lawyer to issue a writ, had him arrested on the complaint of the district attorney; they all came to Mr. Dowell's office with their charge and sheriff. He asked for adjournment & time to reply, and in the reply he confessed and avoided it, that there was time enough yet to get the boy. When they returned, I told them they would find the testimony in an adjoining [room, in] which was a basket of champagne. It [is] needless to say that continuance was granted, and he now has as promising a boy as there is in Southern Oregon. The lawsuit is long since ended in favor of Mr. Dowell's client. Bancroft Library MSS P-A 26 B. F. DOWELL'S DEATH
A Well-Known Pioneer and Oregon Lawyer.
The funeral of Benjamin
F. Dowell,
who died at his residence, 220 North Sixteenth Street, Friday evening,
will be held at the family residence at 2 o'clock this afternoon.
Following is the list of pallbearers: Alexander Sweek, B. B. Beekman, Lionel R. Webster, Henry E. McGinn, G. E. Kindt, A. F. Flegel. Mr. Dowell was one of the best-known members of the Oregon bar, and everyone with whom he has come in contact during his long career in Oregon considers his taking off a personal loss. All members of the bar association are requested to assemble at the residence, 220 Sixteenth Street, at 2 p.m. today. Benjamin F. Dowell was born in Albemarle County, Va., October 31, 1821. His paternal grandmother was a niece of Benjamin Franklin. In childhood he removed with his parents to Shelby County, Tenn., where he received the foundation of a good mental training. He afterward returned to Virginia, and entered the state university, graduating in law in 1847. His university career was in every particular distinguished. Going back to Tennessee, he opened a law office at Raleigh, and afterward at Memphis. When the California gold fields were opened he determined to try his fortunes beyond the Rockies. He arrived on the Pacific Coast in the spring of 1850. On October 5 he left San Francisco for Portland on a small schooner, which reached the city after a voyage of 35 days. In 1852 Mr. Dowell was engaged in packing and trading in Southern Oregon, a business which he followed with success until 1856, when he determined to go back to his old profession. Accordingly, he opened a law office in Jacksonville, in 1857, and speedily had all the work that he could attend to. From 1852 to 1885 Mr. Dowell resided in Jacksonville. After the latter date he made Portland and Washington City his home. His prosecution of Indian war claims before Congress has been his chief occupation for a number of years. For a brief period he served as prosecuting attorney of the first judicial district of Oregon and as United States district attorney. But as a rule he declined political honors. For 14 years from 1865 he was owner of the Oregon Sentinel, but he rarely [sic] contributed to it himself. During the Indian outbreaks in Oregon 40 years ago, Mr. Dowell operated a pack train, which carried merchandise from the Willamette Valley, Scottsburg and Crescent City to the mines in Jacksonville and Yreka. [During the 1853 war Dowell operated in Southern Oregon; the 1855-56 war found him in Northeastern Oregon.] He voluntarily placed himself and his train at the disposal of the military authorities, as long as they might be required. Mr. Bancroft, the historian of the Pacific states, highly lauds Mr. Dowell for his patriotic conduct during the troublous times. Mr. Dowell was married to Miss Anna Campbell in 1861. His two daughters, Mrs. G. M. Love, of Jacksonville, and Mrs. P. J. Bannon, of this city, and his son, Frank, survive with his widow. Among the prominent Oregon attorneys who have studied law in Mr. Dowell's office are: Judge E. B. Watson, of this city; C. B. Watson, of Ashland, and George B. Davis, of Eugene. Oregonian, Portland, March 14, 1897, page 8 Death of Benj. F. Dowell.
Benj.
F. Dowell,
an old pioneer of Oregon, died suddenly at his home in Portland about 8
o'clock last Saturday night, aged 76. He had not been in good health
for several years and his death is attributed to acute pneumonia. The
deceased was a prominent man for many years in Southern Oregon and made
himself conspicuous about 20 years ago in pushing a government claim
against Gen. Griswold, of Salem, who was finally ruined financially.
But Dowell did not make a thing out of it and died poor. Griswold is
still alive in Portland but aged and very infirm. For several years
Dowell and his daughter, now Mrs. P. J. Bannon, were in law partnership
in Washington, attending to claims, but lately have been residing in
Portland.
Dalles Times-Mountaineer, March 20, 1897, page 1 Mined Gold at Jacksonville and
Founded Walla Walla
Fred Lockley, in the Portland
Journal's
pioneer column, has the following interview with Lewis McMorris, of
Walla Walla, who mined in the Rogue River Valley in the early '50s and
is remembered by oldtimers:
"I was born in Ohio on August 15, 1831, so you see I am in my eighty-fourth year," said Mr. McMorris. "In the fall of 1839 we moved to Shelby County, Illinois. I was past 20 when I started for Oregon in April, 1852. James Craig, who was about my father's age, having been born in 1806, was my partner. My father fitted me out for the trip. We had a good wagon and five yoke of oxen. We crossed the Missouri at St. Joe on May Day. I had the cholera but I pulled through. There was a heap of folks who didn't. We saw new graves at every camping place. We reached Foster's on September 15. "We came down into Clackamas County. On the Molalla we stopped at Howard's flour and grist mill and sold our outfit to old man Howard. We bought six cayuses and started for the Southern Oregon mines. We mined for a spell at Sailor Diggings, just beyond Althouse Creek. Next year my partner, Mr. Craig, went to Crescent City, on the California coast, and took up a ranch. I mined at Yreka, Scott's Bar and other camps until the summer of 1855. I started with B. F. Dowell's pack train for Dallas, in Polk County. "I came from Jacksonville to Dallas with Dowell. When we got to Dallas the government hired Dowell and his pack train to transport supplies for the soldiers. Colonel Nesmith was in command of the troops. Dowell, Warren, Smith and myself were hired as packers. We went to the Dalles and from there to the Yakima country. The soldiers had some skirmishes with the Indians on this trip. We were ordered to go back to the Dalles and take supplies to Colonel Kelly's command in the Umatilla country. "I built the first house south of Main Street in Walla Walla. It was on the corner of Third and Main streets. This was in the spring of '58. I freighted, ran a pack train to Boise and also to the Idaho mines, and later ran a stage from Dayton to Lewiston. No, I never took time to look around and find a wife; somehow I never got around to it, and by the time the country got settled and women were plenty I had got over the notion of marrying. I have been in Walla Walla since '56, and have seen the place grow from one or two log cabins to a city of 20,500 people." Medford Mail Tribune, June 24, 1915, page 4 OBSERVATIONS AND IMPRESSIONS
If
you don't know who Biddy Dowell is then you haven't lived in Portland
very long, for Biddy Dowell is almost an institution of the Rose City.
Away back in the days of the Lewis and Clark Exposition he was a fire
chief, having charge of the exposition grounds. We sat down together
recently in the needlework booth of the Chemawa Indian school display
at the state fair and Biddy told me of his long service in the Portland
Fire Department. He was named for his father, whose name was Benjamin
Franklin Dowell.OF THE JOURNAL MAN By Fred Lockley "How did you happen to get the nickname 'Biddy'?" I asked. "When I was a youngster, Lige Harper, now of Seattle, said I had a regular Irish map ["face"]. He said, 'With your freckles and your grin you look like an Irish Biddy.' So he began to call me 'Biddy,' and 'Biddy' I have remained ever since. I was born at Jacksonville, Or., March 22, 1870. My father was born at Richmond, Va. He was at San Francisco in 1850 and decided to come to Oregon. He owned a lot where the Hopkins Institute now is. He traded it for a ticket on a sailing schooner bound for Astoria. They ran into bad weather and it took them over three weeks to make the trip. "When he came to Oregon he found there was not very much demand for his legal services, so he ran a pack train from Scottsburg to Redding, Cal. He made a lot of money on cats. Wherever he could get hold of a cat, he bought it. He sold them to stores. Flour was so high priced that the storekeepers were glad to pay $15 to $20 for a cat to keep the mice from getting at their flour. He also made good money on stoves. He bought stoves in the valley towns or at Portland and packed them into the mines, where he sold them at $500 to $700 each. Freight rates were high. For example, he charged $5 for carrying a crosscut saw six miles, which is almost a dollar a mile. He would stop wherever night overtook his pack train, and camp. Once he stopped at a miner's cabin overnight. The miner was away, so Father cut some wood to make a pan of biscuits. There was a pan in the oven, which Father took out. It was full of gold dust. Father baked his biscuits, washed up the dishes, put the pan of gold dust back into the oven, and left a note thanking the owner of the cabin for his hospitality. Miners left their gold dust where any passerby could find it. It was the rarest thing in the world for anyone to betray a trust. "Along about 1852 or 1853 Father hung out his shingle at Jacksonville and practiced law. Later he was editor and publisher of the Oregon Sentinel at Jacksonville. My mother, whose maiden name was Nancy Ann Campbell, was born on the banks of the Wabash. She lives in Portland. She and Father met during the Indian war of 1853 in the Tenbrooke blockhouse, where Medford now is. They were married shortly thereafter. Mother is 79 years old. "I spent my boyhood at Jacksonville. I swam in the old swimming hole made by the dam built to impound the waters of the creek for mining. I played in the sluice boxes and I owned the first tricycle ever brought to Southern Oregon. That was in the Centennial year, 1876. In 1885 we moved to Portland. I went to the Couch school and later, for a couple of terms, to high school. I left high school to go to work in G. W. Gordon's carpenter shop. Later I landed a job with Wolf & Zwicker. I worked in the boiler works when they were making the pipe for the Bull Run pipeline. Later I worked on the torpedo boats they built here in Portland. They built the Fox, which was a 27-knot boat, 110 feet long, and was in service during the World War. They also built the Goldsborough and the Davis. "I joined the Portland fire department December 7, 1895. I received my permanent appointment July 6, 1898, with truck company No. 1. I stayed with this company until the Lewis and Clark fair, when I was made chief of the fire department at the exposition grounds. The boys who worked under me presented me with a fine gold badge. I returned to the regular fire department after the close of the fair as captain of truck No. 1. Later I became battalion chief of district No. 1. The men of that district gave me this gold badge. In 1912 I was made chief of the Portland Fire Department and stayed with that until I resigned, in 1920. The boys under me gave me a $1000 gold and diamond badge. "Dave Campbell was a wonderful fire chief. He studied the fire hazards all the time, and he had a sixth sense as to where bad fires would occur. He could almost say in advance what building would burn and about when. A man gets hunches. Several times I have told Mayor Albee where a fire would break out, and sometimes within a day or so of its occurrence. He asked me, if I knew in advance, why I couldn't catch the firebugs that set them afire; so I didn't confess to any more hunches. "One of the worst fires we fought when I was fire chief was the Pacific Paper Company fire. The fumes from the chemicals and the burning paper knocked out 42 firemen. The Northwest Door Company was also a rather nasty fire, as were the fires at the Montgomery dock, the Irving dock, the Dekum building and the Crown Flour Mill. Sometime when you have a spare half-hour come down to First and Jefferson streets, to Engine Company No. 22 and I will tell you something about firefighting." Oregon Journal, Portland, October 12, 1922, page 10 IMPRESSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS
Mrs. B. F. Dowell of Portland has had a part in and has been among some
of the interesting events of Oregon history. Having a good memory, she
is able to talk in a most interesting manner of these events.OF THE JOURNAL MAN By Fred Lockley "My maiden name was Nancy Campbell," she said, when I visited her recently at her home on the East Side. "My father, Joseph Campbell, had the brawn and size of his Scottish forebears of the Campbell clan. He was 6 feet 4 inches high, broad accordingly, and possessed of great strength. He was born in Ohio. His mother is buried in what is now the business district of Cincinnati. Father learned the miller's trade. My mother's maiden name was Rachel Tenbrooke. Yes, my parents had good, old-fashioned scriptural names, Joseph and Rachel. My father was an officer under General W. H. Harrison. I remember as a little girl I used to play with his uniform, and my grandmother told me the silver eagles on his uniform meant that he was a colonel. "Father and Mother both died before I was two years old, so I have no memory of them. They left five children--John, Joseph, Sylvester, Maria and myself. I was born on the Wabash in Indiana, April 9, 1843, so I am over 80 years old. I was christened Nancy Ann. My uncle, Joseph [sic] Campbell, took the older children. My mother's mother, Grandmother Tenbrooke, took my brother Sylvester and myself. "In 1861, when I was 18, I accepted the invitation of my uncle and his wife, Mr. and Mrs. Abram Tenbrooke, to visit them at their home in Oregon. They had gone to Oregon in the early '50s. In 1860 they had come back by way of the Isthmus for a visit with old friends. They spent the winter of 1860 in North Carolina. The next spring they started for their home in Southern Oregon, by team, and stopped to get me, at Ottumwa. I was supposed to enter college that fall, and the money was deposited in the bank for me to take a three years' college course, but the thought of the trip across the plains and the idea of seeing far-off Oregon appealed to me, so I accepted their invitation to go with them and be gone a year. "We were camped at Council Bluffs, on the way to Oregon, when word came that Fort Sumter had been fired on. My brother John helped raise a company of volunteers in Indiana and was appointed captain. My brother Joseph also enlisted in an Indiana regiment. Joseph was killed in the second day's fighting at Gettysburg. "In our wagon were my uncle Abram Tenbrooke and his wife, my brother Sylvester, myself, and Frank Coffin, who settled at Boise. We came to Oregon by way of the Humboldt, leaving Rabbit Springs at dusk and traveling over the desert all night, to avoid the intense heat. We came by way of Pit River, old Fort Crook, through Honey Lake Valley, around the base of Mount Lassen and on through the Shasta Valley, thence over the Siskiyous to Rogue River Valley. We reached the Tolman ranch, near the present city of Ashland, on September 4. The next day we reached my uncle's place, near Oak Grove, between Jacksonville and Medford, though there was no Medford in those days. "It was the custom in those days for all the settlers to visit newly arrived emigrants, particularly if there were any marriageable young women in the party. Among those who came to see us was B. F. Dowell, a lawyer of Jacksonville. From time to time he dropped in to see us. He came over to visit us on the Fourth of July, and he said to me, 'This is Independence Day. On this day every good American has a right to express himself freely and say what he pleases. This being the case, I am going going to say to you that I love you and am going to marry you.' My uncle felt that I should return to Indianapolis and attend college, as had been planned before I came to Oregon. One evening--it was October 21--when we were all at a party Mr. Dowell and I slipped out, rode to Jacksonville and were married at the home of A. E. Rogers by Rev. M. M. Stearns, a Baptist minister. That ended my plans for going to college. The Jacksonville paper announced [above] that Mr. Dowell's fellow bachelors had hung crepe on his door to mourn his loss, and ended the article with this verse: One more
unfortunate,
" I was 19, and my husband was 36 and supposed to be immune to the germ
of matrimony; hence the mourning among his fellow bachelors.Lonely and troubled, Rashly importunate, Went and got doubled. "We had a large brick home in Jacksonville. It was covered with ivy. With a yard full of roses and shrubs, with fig trees and grapes, with blooming pear and apple trees, with the rolling hills covered with wildflowers, I look back upon Jacksonville as a sort of earthly paradise. Here is a picture of our old home. This little chap, with his pony, is my son Frank--although nearly everyone in Portland calls him 'Biddy' Dowell. He was fire chief for many years in Portland. My first child, Fanchon, married George Love. She died in Eastern Oregon. Anna, my next child, married P. J. Bannon. We live together. Frank isn't married yet. I don't know what makes him so slow to pick out a wife. We lived in Jacksonville till 1880 [sic], when we moved to Portland. My husband died March 12, 1897. "My husband, Benjamin Franklin Dowell, was a Virginian. He was born in Albemarle County, October 31, 1826. He was named for a niece of Benjamin Franklin, who was a daughter of John Franklin, a relative on the paternal side of our family. My husband's mother's maiden name was Fannie Dalton. My husband's father and mother were born in Virginia, on adjoining plantations, and were playmates. The Dowells came to Virginia from England, while the Daltons came from the Highlands of Scotland. When Mr. Dowell was yet a child his parents moved to Tennessee, where he attended the male academy. From there he went to the University of Virginia, where he graduated in 1847. He was admitted to the bar, and he hung out his shingle at Memphis. When word of the discovery of gold reached him he wanted to go to California [illegible] it out till the spring of 1850, when he succumbed to the gold fever and started West. He reached Sacramento September 20, 1850. On October 4, 1850 he started from San Francisco for Portland. They ran into a winter storm. Their small vessel was dismasted and drifted out to sea, and it was 35 days before they finally crossed the bar and anchored at Astoria. Mr. Dowell stayed at Portland or thereabout for about a year and then went to Southern Oregon. If you will ask any of the pioneer miners or prospectors of the Southern Oregon mines they will tell you that my husband had one of the best-paying pack trains that operated to the mines of Jacksonville and the other mining camps of Southern Oregon and Northern California. He ran his pack train till the winter of 1856, when he decided to resume the practice of law at Jacksonville." Oregon Journal, Portland, October 21, 1923, page 18 Early Days in Jackson County
Medford Mail Tribune,
October 24, 1923, page 4 Reprinted from the Journal of October 22, page 6.
When I visited Mrs. B. F. Dowell recently she told me of the early days
of Jacksonville and of the Britts, Beekmans, Millers, Hanleys and other
pioneers of Southern Oregon. She was married to B. F. Dowell, October
24, 1962, at Jacksonville, and they made their home at Jacksonville
till 1885, when they moved to Portland. B. F. Dowell was a Virginian.
He came to Portland in the fall of 1850, coming by winter from San
Francisco. He was one of the best known packers in Southern Oregon in
the early '50s. He ran pack trains from Portland, Corvallis and other
Willamette Valley points to Scottsburg, Jacksonville, Yreka and
Crescent City. In 1853 he and his pack animals were employed by the
military authorities in the Rogue River Indian war in Southern Oregon.
Although Mr. Dowell was in the quartermaster's department and was not supposed to take part in the fighting, he was one of the most active along that line. He was at the fight at Evans Creek, near the Meadows, when a detachment of 20 soldiers under Lieutenant Eli was fired upon by several hundred Indians, members of Chief Sam's, Chief Joe's and Chief Jim's bands of hostiles. The Indians killed several of the soldiers at the first fire and drove off their horses. The troopers took to the timber and stood off the Indians all day, till relief arrived. Mr. Dowell was a Virginian and a slaveholder and a Whig, but he believed in the Union, and hence arrayed himself on the side of President Lincoln and those who believed in an undivided country, when Fort Sumter was fired on. Mr. Dowell served for some time as prosecuting attorney of the first judicial district of Oregon in early days. On account of financial difficulties, the Jacksonville Sentinel, a strongly Republican paper, was about to be taken over by the Democrats in 1865. To prevent what he considered to be a calamity of this nature he purchased it and ran the Sentinel in connection with his legal practice for the next 14 years. He was a man of decided opinions and great personal courage as well as an able lawyer.--Fred Lockley in Portland Journal. In the summer of 1848 J. S. Hunt built a log schoolhouse on his place. This also served as a church. In this log schoolhouse in 1851 the children of the Waldo Hills were taught by B. F. Dowell, a native of Virginia and a graduate of the University of Virginia. Prior to coming to Oregon McDowell had practiced law in Tennessee. In 1852 he left the Willamette Valley, settling at Jacksonville, from which place he ran a pack train to Yreka, Scotts Bar and other mines in Northern California. He took part in the Rogue River Indian war in 1853 and in the Yakima Indian war of 1855. He later became one of the prominent attorneys in Southern Oregon and editor and publisher of the Sentinel, at Jacksonville. Fred Lockley, "Impressions and Observations of the Journal Man," Oregon Journal, Portland, January 18, 1924, page 8 "The first school I ever attended was taught by my sister Tempa in a log schoolhouse built on our place. After Tempa was married my father taught for a short while and then turned the school over to B. F. Dowell, a young lawyer, who wore a dress suit, silk plug hat and a clawhammer coat. We children thought he was a very comical sight, for we weren't used to clawhammer coats and plug hats. My sister Tempa was the first teacher, then Father, who was followed by B. F. Dowell, Mary Fry and Mrs. Warren Cranston. I certainly fell in love with Mary Fry. She was the best teacher I ever had." James T. Hunt, quoted by Fred Lockley, "Impressions and Observations of the Journal Man," Oregon Journal, Portland, May 23, 1927, page 12 "B. F. Dowell was another noted character in the Waldo Hills. I went to school to him when he was teaching in the log schoolhouse on our place. In spite of his plug hat and clawhammer coat, he was a good teacher and had an unusual intellect. He later moved to Jacksonville, where he ran the Jacksonville Sentinel, and as long as Father lived he always sent Father a complimentary copy of his paper. His son, Biddy Dowell, was chief of the Portland fire department for some years. "Among my schoolmates at the Waldo Hills school were the Hibbards, Cranstons, Dunbars, Griffiths, Scribers, Smalls, Colbys, McAlpins, Powells and Savages. Theopholis Powell became a Methodist minister. The Waldo Hills neighborhood was an unusual and remarkable neighborhood. There was never a neighborhood scandal; we dwelt together in peace and harmony, and the neighbors were always glad to help each other out." James T. Hunt, quoted by Fred Lockley, "Impressions and Observations of the Journal Man," Oregon Journal, Portland, May 24, 1927, page 14 BENJAMIN
FRANKLIN DOWELL
Many fields of activity contribute to the development, upbuilding and
prosperity of a community. A city government has its various
departments, but none is more essential to the well-being of a
community than the fire department, which furnishes adequate protection
to the homes and business enterprises which go to make up a
municipality. In this connection there has been no more prominent
figure than Benjamin Franklin Dowell, who was familiarly and
affectionately termed "Biddy" by his associates in the fire department
and by his countless friends throughout the city. He was of the stuff
of which heroes are made. Fearlessness and courage were among his
dominant qualities, and he never considered a personal risk if he could
protect
or save his fellow members of the fire department. His qualities were
such as won for him the love of all who were connected with him in this
branch of city service, and his memory will be enshrined for years to
come in the hearts of those who knew him.Mr. Dowell was born in Jacksonville, Oregon, March 22, 1870, and was a son of Benjamin Franklin and Nancy A. (Campbell) Dowell. The father crossed the plains in 1850, with San Francisco as his destination, but after a short time there passed went to Jacksonville, Oregon, making the trip by steamer to Astoria. The boat was an unseaworthy vessel and in severe storms which they encountered was nearly lost. So great was the delay occasioned in reaching port that passengers and crew lived for days on hardtack, but at length Astoria was reached and from that point Mr. Dowell walked the entire distance to Portland through the wilderness, enduring many hardships because of the unsettled condition of the country. From Portland he walked to Waldo Hills, where he taught school for a year, after which he became owner of a mule pack train and packed goods from the valley to Jacksonville. In the Cow Creek Canyon he was once attacked by Indians and had a narrow escape. He was a man of liberal culture who had graduated in law from the University of Virginia. In Jacksonville he engaged in the practice of law, becoming one of the leading attorneys of his day. He had much to do with framing many of the early laws of the commonwealth, and he gained notable distinction as a successful criminal lawyer. He erected the second brick house in Jacksonville, and it is still standing. In the community he exerted a widely felt influence that resulted in substantial progress and development there. On the 24th of October, 1862, he wedded Nancy A., a daughter of Joseph and Rachel Campbell, whose people were from Ohio, and her father served as a colonel under William Henry Harrison in the War of 1812. Abraham TenBrook, an uncle of Mrs. Dowell, lived in Jacksonville, Oregon, and she came to the West to join him, but her parents never settled in this section of the country. A year later she became the wife of Benjamin F. Dowell, Sr., and for many years they figured prominently in the social life of their community. Mr. Dowell was made prosecuting attorney of Jackson County, and later he became collector in connection with Indian depredations. This required that he spend much of his time in Washington, D.C. Later he settled in Portland, where he devoted much of his time to government work. At an earlier period he owned and edited the Oregon Sentinel at Jacksonville, continuing in the journalistic field for thirteen years. He contributed in large measure to the upbuilding, advancement and development of the state and passed away March 12, 1897, honored and respected by all who knew him. Benjamin F. Dowell, whose name introduces this review, was the youngest of a family of three children. He pursued his education in the public schools of Jacksonville, where he won the well-merited reputation of being the most honest and truthful boy in the school. He had reached the age of thirteen when his parents removed to Portland, after which he attended the old Couch School. In early life he became a professional ball player, associated with the Portland team in the early '80s. He learned the carpenter's trade in young manhood and assisted in building the Taylor Street Methodist Episcopal Church and also engaged in boat building. Much of his life, however, was devoted to service in the fire department, and during the Lewis and Clark Exposition of 1905 he was in charge of fire details and equipment at the fair grounds. He was recognized as the originator of the present method of fire prevention enforced by the bureau of Portland. When he entered the department its equipment was horse-drawn and very crude as compared to that of the present day. He lived to see the motorization of the apparatus, with the introduction of every modern appliance used in fighting fire. He always gave careful consideration to the welfare of his men and introduced the system of calisthenics practiced now by firemen to keep them in physical trim. Many times he narrowly escaped with his life when burning floors fell beneath him and walls collapsed about him. Having worked his way steadily upward from the ranks of fire-fighters, it was his supervision of the rescue of twenty-five or more of his comrades who had been buried by a falling wall at the Union Oil Company fire of June 26, 1911, that led to his appointment as chief, succeeding David Campbell, who was killed in that fire. He was also the hero of numerous other spectacular rescues and following the death of Chief Campbell was made temporary chief, while on the 31st of October, 1911, he received the appointment of chief and served in that capacity until August 1, 1920, when he retired on a pension. No man of the department has ever received in greater degree the confidence, friendship and love of fellow members, and not long before his demise he was called upon by a large delegation of his former associates in the fire bureau, many of whom owed their lives to his work in directing rescues and who presented him with a memento of their esteem and affection on the 22nd of March, 1928, in honor of his fifty-eighth birthday. He presented to the Bungalow fire station an interesting fountain which was from his old home at Jacksonville. Mr. Dowell was united in marriage to Anna (Hedermann) Lauder, a daughter of David and Johanna Hedermann, who came from Germany to the new world and settled in Portland in the early '70s. The father is still living at Boring, Oregon, where he early took up the occupation of farming but is now retired. Mrs. Hedermann passed away September 22, 1923. By a former marriage Mrs. Dowell had two children, Clifford Lauder and Mrs. Ellen Leeding, both residents of Portland. Mr. Dowell was a prominent Mason, having attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite, and was a past master of his lodge. He was accorded the jewel of the fraternity, and he belonged to the Mystic Shrine. He was also very prominent in the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and for sixteen years was a member of the Portland lodge, which attended his funeral services in a body. Because of the extensive circle of his friends his funeral services, following his demise in Portland on the 26th of April, 1928, were held in the auditorium. On all hands men paid tribute to his worth and ability, and Captain W. R. Kerrigan, fire bureau veteran, said of him: "I had known him for thirty-five years and had worked with him much of that time. Portland owes much to Biddy Dowell, as he was affectionately called. He was one of the finest men and fellow workers I have ever known." This sentiment was expressed by all who were associated with him in the department and many who knew him in social and fraternal connections. Perhaps the outstanding feature of his career was his fidelity to duty, as expressed in a loyalty to his men that led him to display unfaltering courage in the face of danger. The history of Portland's fire bureau contains no more illustrious name than that of Benjamin Franklin Dowell. Fred Lockley, History of the Columbia River Valley from The Dalles to the Sea, volume III, Chicago, 1928, pages 674-676. IMPRESSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS
Patrick J. Bannon, whose office is in the Worcester building and whose
home is at 27 N.E. Thompson Street, is one of Portland's pioneer
attorneys. Although he has passed his 80th milestone he is still in
active practice.OF THE JOURNAL MAN By Fred Lockley "My father, for whom I am named, was born near Dublin, Ireland," said Mr. Bannon. "My mother's maiden name was Julia Inglesby. She also was born near Dublin. My parents were married in Ireland in 1840 and immediately took passage on a sailing ship for Canada. I am the youngest of their eight children. I was born in Canada, December 3, 1857. When Father settled at Stratford, Ontario, there were only three houses there. He at once went to work clearing land. Stratford is due north of London and just south of Perth and not far from Dublin. I attended school at Stratford and later at Toronto. I graduated from the University of Michigan in 1886. James B. Angell, who was the fourth president of that university, was president at that time. He was a brilliant man, graduating at the head of his class at Brown University in 1849. Prior to going to the University of Michigan he had served as president of the University of Vermont. "Immediately after graduating from the law school at Ann Arbor I came to Portland. That was 52 years ago. I went into partnership with George Brady, who had been my roommate at the university. A relative of his, Matt Brady, put up a building on the northwest corner of 5th and Stark streets. "I was married, December 9, 1881, to Anna E. Dowell, whose father, Benjamin Franklin Dowell, was a pioneer attorney of Southern Oregon. My wife was born at Jacksonville, one of a family of three children. Her sister, Fanchion, married George Love, who owned a store at Jacksonville. Later, he had charge of a store owned by Ed Hanley and Jack Dalton at Tanana, Alaska. They had a contract to supply meat for the army. My wife was the next child. Youngest of the family was 'Biddy' Dowell. He was christened Benjamin Franklin, for his father, but was always called 'Biddy.' For many years he was one of Portland's well-known firemen. My wife died four years ago. We never had any children." Many years ago I interviewed Mrs. B. F. Dowell. Her husband died in 1897. He was born in Virginia in 1826 and was named for his grandmother's uncle, Benjamin Franklin. His parents were born in Virginia. When B. F. Dowell was a boy he went with his parents to Shelby County, Tennessee. When a young man he returned to Virginia, entered the state university and graduated from the law school in 1847. He practiced law in Virginia until 1850, when he went to California. He intended to practice at Sacramento, but took the cholera and was advised to go to another climate, so he took passage on a schooner for Portland. This schooner arrived safe at the mouth of the Columbia, but there encountered a severe gale, was badly damaged, and after 35 days of stress and storm finally arrived at Astoria. In 1852 Mr. Dowell went to Southern Oregon. For a few years he ran a pack train and was engaged in trading. He took part in the Indian war of 1855-56. In 1857 he began law practice at Jacksonville. He was married in 1861 to Miss Anna Campbell. In 1865 he purchased the Oregon Sentinel and became editor and publisher. While at Jacksonville he became prosecuting attorney of the 1st judicial district. For some years he resided at Washington, D.C., where he was prosecuting Indian depredation claims. The testimony for these claims was usually taken in Portland by Mr. Bannon. Oregon Journal, Portland, April 29, 1938, page 16 Benjamin Franklin Dowell, at one time a prominent attorney of Portland, was editor and owner of the Oregon Sentinel, at Jacksonville, Or., 14 years. He was born in Virginia in 1826. He went to Tennessee, as a boy, later returning to Virginia and graduating from the University of Virginia Law School in 1847. In 1850 he crossed the plains to California and two years later went to Jacksonville, Or., where he practiced law until 1885, when he came to Portland. "One of the famous cases in the '80s," said Judge Thomas A. McBride, in telling me about B. F. Dowell, "was the 'Dowell vs. Griswold' case. While the case was being tried Judge Dowell brought in an armful of law books and began reading from them. The judge said, 'Mr. Dowell, I don't want to listen to all those authorities.' 'I know you don't,' said Dowell, 'but that's what you're paid for, and I guess you'll have to stand it.' 'Proceed,' said the judge, and he had to listen to Dowell's reading for the rest of the afternoon." Fred Lockley, "Impressions and Observations of the Journal Man," Oregon Journal, Portland, October 5, 1941, page 32 Fred Lockley's Impressions
"Biddy" Dowell, former Portland fire chief, and I used to foregather
occasionally to talk of early days in Southern Oregon. His father, B.
F. Dowell, was an early-day teacher in the Waldo Hills and later a
newspaper man at Jacksonville. He also was a volunteer in the Rogue
River Indian war in the early '50s and was later a well-known attorney
of Jacksonville and Portland. He and his people came from Virginia and
Tennessee.Writing to B. F. Dowell under date of March 2, 1895, a relative of his, Nannie Edwards of Milford, Texas, in discussing other relatives, said, in part: "Esteemed relative--Cousin James Dowell died at our house at Milam and is buried near Grandfather. James Weatherred married Polly Bledsoe of Sumner County, Tennessee, and William Weatherred married Patience Dowell. Anne Weatherred, daughter of William Weatherred, married Col. Humphrey Bate and they and their seven children moved to Texas in 1849. Henry Bate was a captain in the Confederate army. William Bate, who was a major general in the Confederate army, later became a United States Senator. His daughter, Maizie, lived at Grandview, Texas, and his daughter, Susie, moved way out to California. "Your and my grandfather, Marcus Weatherred, was born in 1781, and our grandmother, Nancy Weatherred, in 1792. They moved to Texas in 1832 with their five children and their Negro slaves. They lost their family Bible in what is known as the 'Runaway Scrape,' when they escaped from Indians on the warpath. Grandfather Marcus Weatherred enlisted in the Florida Indian war, from Tennessee, being a lieutenant. Later at the battle of Horseshoe Bend he served as a colonel under General Jackson. He served in the first congress of Texas. They were to meet at Old Columbia but on account of Indians attacking the settlers around there, they did not meet. When he lived at the village of Nashville, Texas, the Indians and the Mexicans were both on the warpath and General Santa Anna sent word he was going to eat his Christmas dinner on the banks of the Sabine. "Sam Houston and Grandfather were warm friends. Sam Houston told Grandfather he had better see that the women and children were moved across the river. Grandfather Weatherred, learning that the Indians were killing all whites, fled with his family. They passed several camps where men, women and children were lying dead around their wagons. The Indians stole the stock but left the wagons, though they ripped open the feather beds and pillows and took all supplies. The people who escaped buried their money and valuables. Later some returned and dug up their valuables, but many were killed and their treasures were never located. "Grandfather found the Sabine River in flood. He ferried the Sabine and took the family to Fort Jessup, La. Uncle Benjamin stayed with Grandmother to take care of her and the children while Grandfather, with Will and Frank, hurried back to join Sam Houston to fight the Mexicans and Indians. "When Sam Houston and his volunteers had buried a lot of Mexicans and sent a lot of the Indians to the Happy Hunting Ground, Grandfather moved his family back to Texas and settled at Milam, in Sabine County. He died there in 1854. Grandmother lived till the fall of 1862. "Will and Frank were buried in Covington, Hill County. Nannie married John Adams in 1864, and after his death she married Maj. T. C. Edwards of Milford, Texas. Marcus Weatherred while serving in the Confederate army was killed at the battle of Chickamauga. John George, Mildred's son, was wounded in the Battle of the Wilderness on May 6, and died nine days later." In her letter, Nannie Edwards traces the careers of about 150 of the relatives in Texas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Virginia. Oregon Journal, Portland, January 26, 1947, page 14 Last revised October 29, 2024 |
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