July 3, 1952
EMIGRANT ROAD OVER THE GREENSPRINGS
    After the emigrant road crossed Jenny Creek going westward toward Ashland, Oregon it went by the place now known as the Zinn Ranch, and on by the Twenty Mile Spring, and crossed Keene Creek about where the present highway is now located, and on over the summit.
    Sailor Bailey told me that his father, George F. Bailey, at the age of sixteen came over this old road with an emigrant train from Missouri in 1850. And the place now known as the Zinn Ranch was at that time named Round Valley when the emigrant train stayed there for a few days to rest and rearrange their ox teams after some of their oxen were stolen by the Indians while they were coming through the Klamath Basin.

November 17, 1952
THE CHIPMUNK TUNNEL
    My memory of the exact location of the Chipmunk Tunnel is rather vague, for I was quite young around 1902 when a man by the name of Swift from, I believe, San Francisco, California, was prospecting for gold along Camp Creek.
    Swift dug a tunnel in a hillside near the left fork of Camp Creek.
    I was at the tunnel around forty years ago with my father looking for cattle, but I have forgotten the exact spot.
    C. F. Moore told me several years ago that it was on a hillside in the brush near the right-hand gulch branching off the left fork of Camp Creek, or at least that is the way I remember the way Moore told me.
    I remember the oldtimers telling me, and hearing people talk about, Swift finding gold colors there in his tunnel and along the left fork of Camp Creek.
    Probably there is not anyone around anymore who remembers where it is, and very few at this time ever heard of it.
    How it got the name "Chipmunk Tunnel," I don't remember.

November 18, 1952
RUFLEY'S HOLLOW
    Rufley's Hollow is a little gulch about one-half mile or more long that branches off the right-hand fork of Camp Creek, to the west of Rufley's Camp.
    A man by the name of Rufley camped and made pickets there in the early 1890s.
    The camp site is called Rufley's Camp and the little gulch is called Rufley's Hollow.
    During the early 1920s the cattlemen built a log corral at the camp site, and traces of it can still be seen.

December 6, 1952
COLD SPRING
    Between 1866 and 1875, William A. Wright had a camp at Cold Spring. He had a fireplace and a lean-to when he was riding and looking after cattle for Charles F. Hammond on the Camp Creek Ranch now known as the De Souza Ranch.
    Forty years ago or more, pieces of the tumbled-down lean-to was still there. The pile of rocks which was once his fireplace can still be seen a few feet from Cold Spring, where my homestead is now located.
    Wright also at one time camped some little distance northwest of Cold Spring among some little pine trees. This was an open camp with his bed in between some trees a few feet from his campfire. One morning when he got out of bed to start a fire and prepare breakfast he found grizzly bear tracks in the ashes of the fire he had the evening before about thirty feet from his bed.

December 7, 1952
GRIEVE'S TRAIL
    There is an old trail which is getting pretty dim, between the mouth of Jenny Creek and the old Grieve upper ranch. This has been called Grieve's Trail since the Grieve brothers located their homestead along Jenny Creek in early days and built them into cattle ranches.
    What was known as the Grieve Lower Ranch was located at the mouth of Jenny Creek, and a much larger ranch was located northward up Jenny Creek about seven miles and was known as the Grieve Upper Ranch.
    The Grieve brothers while riding horseback from one ranch to the other had a trail which they kept the brush trimmed out and the rocks out. This was known as Grieve's Trail.
    From their lower ranch the trail followed along Jenny Creek for about a mile and turned up over a steep hill and over into the head of Dutch Creek, and on northward and by Cold Spring and straight over the ridge to Apple Jack and their upper ranch.
    They also had a trail that branched off the main trail and followed up Jenny Creek Canyon for some distance and out over the rim at the Bear Cave and to the main trail at Cold Spring.
    In riding these trails, they were riding where their cattle ranged. This gave them a chance to see their cattle more than if they rode on the east side of Jenny Creek.
    In those early days hundreds of cattle drank water from Cold Spring, and the surrounding area was a favorite place for cattle to graze.
    Many things have changed since the Grieve brothers were in the cattle business along Jenny Creek. In recent years the old Grieve's Trail has slowly faded away until now only parts of it can be seen.

January 19, 1953
THE FOREST HOUSE
    The Forest House is a ranch home, and in early days a station and stopping place, it is located about five miles southward from Yreka, California, on the road leading over to Scott Valley.
    Why the name, the Forest House, I do not know. In any event, it's an old one, having been built in the mid-1850s.
    In the early days it was a stopping place for all kinds of travel.
    I have stayed overnight there several times on cattle and horse drives going to Scott Valley.
    Fred Burton and family owned the ranch then, and someone was telling me a year or so ago that they still own it.
    Burton was a member of the Siskiyou County Board of Supervisors a few years ago.

January 24, 1953
HORSESHOE BEND
    In early days before the wagon road was made along the the Klamath River between Hornbrook and Fall Creek, the old road went out across the hills by Little Good Water to Hornbrook. Near the east fork of Brush Creek there was a steep hill, so the road made a sort of half circle or horseshoe-shaped turn to get up the hill, hence the name, Horseshoe Bend, for that area.
    I remember going over that road for the first time around fifty years ago with my father, with the team of horses and the big ranch wagon, on our way to Hornbrook after our supplies.
    Traces of the old road can hardly be seen now.
    In earlier years Horseshoe Bend was mentioned quite often by stockmen, but seldom heard anymore.
    Some of the old names seem to have gone with the old times, and this one has almost faded away also.

January 24, 1953
THE LOWOOD SCHOOL HOUSE
    There is not anything left of the Lowood School House anymore at the mouth of Camp Creek, where the neighboring youngsters gathered to be taught this and that.
    The first school house was a small one, made of rough boards. There were holes and cracks in the old building, but in those days people didn't seem to care about that. The teacher stuffed them full of waste paper when the cold weather came along.
    One day, around 1907, the old school house burned. That made some of the youngsters happy, because we thought we wouldn't have to go to school anymore for quite a while. But we were soon made unhappy, for they soon stretched a large tent, made some desks from rough lumber, and we had to go to school again. They hired a new teacher to finish the term, Miss Louise Freitag, her first teaching experience, and in a tent! She was a lovely teacher, too. Probably not many teachers began their teaching career in a tent.
    When the next school term began the following spring, they had a new school house, much larger than the old one, but still I didn't like to go to school.
    David C. Earhart of Hornbrook built the new school house.
    Times and conditions changed during the years that followed, and the time came when the school house was no longer needed, and it was sold and moved away in about 1943. Thus ended the building where I was taught to write these words.
    The old schoolyard fence that Jim Gardner built to keep us youngsters in is gone too. The old well is all caved in, but some of the trees where the youngsters tied their horses are still there, and they look about the same as they did forty-five years ago. The old hitch rack went long ago.

February 11, 1953
THE ANDERSON GRADE
    The Anderson Grade was an early wagon road between Yreka and the Klamath River. It follows along on the west side of Black Mountain, and it's a pretty crooked road. It comes to the Klamath River at the Lucuc [sic] Ranch, where in that area there was a ferry across the river.
    The Anderson Grade was once owned by a man named Firm Anderson, Sr., and the ferry also, hence the name Anderson Grade and Anderson Ferry.
    The road [was] used in the early days before the railroad was built, by stage coaches and freight wagons and every other kind of travel. The old road is still used some, but the ferry, however, has been gone for years.
    I rode over the Anderson Grade several times on horseback before the highway came along, and remember very well the four- and six-horse teams, with bells on their hames.

February 11, 1953
WILDCAT GULCH
    Wildcat Gulch heads in toward the east branch of Hutton Creek. A ridge separates the two watersheds. Hutton Creek empties into Cottonwood Creek. Wildcat Gulch empties into Slide Creek near Spaulding's Camp.
    It was at Spaulding's Camp that William A. Wright used his 50-70 Sharps carbine as a set gun for the grizzly bear, Reelfoot. The foxy old grizzly fired the carbine but the bullet missed him. Farther up in Wildcat Gulch William A. Wright and Purl Bean later killed the huge Reelfoot in the spring of 1890.

February 12, 1953
ROBBERS ROCK
    In following the old stage road from Hilt, California, northward one would find that it winds around among some trees as it approaches the top of the mountain. At the last turn before the road starts to level off at the top of the mountain, there is upon the hillside a couple of hundred feet or so a big, lone rock, about the size of a one-room cabin. As the road goes around the turn the rock comes in sight at once.
    This is a perfect place for a holdup. I guess that's why three bandits picked that rock to hide behind, I believe sometime in the 1860s, and robbed the stage of a shipment of gold nuggets valued at seventy-five thousand dollars.
    Officers later killed two of the bandits north of Pilot Rock and captured the third one. The one captured was sent to prison, where he died several years later.
    From what I have gathered from the early settlers the holdup started the rock to be called "Robber's Rock," and in later years the rock was used to stage other holdups in the same way.
    It seems that even in the old days crime didn't pay all the time.

December 12, 1953
HENLEY
    The town of Henley, what is left of it, is one of the little old towns of frontier days. How it got the name I don't know for sure, but I believe the name was given after a man by the same name who was a California senator in the early days.
    When the California and Oregon railroad came through in about 1887 it bypassed Henley and followed along Cottonwood Creek. Henley began to die out as Hornbrook built up along the railroad. After a few years there wasn't much of anything at Henley but a little settlement of homes and small ranches. When the highway came in about 1915 it was built near Hornbrook. In about 1941 the highway was rebuilt and the route changed to pass through Henley. This started the pioneer town to show a little life again.
    I don't remember too much about Henley when it was a town, although there was some of it left when I was a boy. At that time Hornbrook was well established and was a lively little town. I do remember, however, some of the early settlers that lived at or near Henley. They include Jehu Jacobs, Anthony Niles, Joe Clawson, John O'Neil, Sal Shattuck, Fred Fredenburg, and Sam Clawson.

December 12, 1953
HORNBROOK
    I believe it was about the time the California and Oregon Railroad came through, about 1887, when a little village or town started to grow on the banks of Cottonwood Creek, along the new railroad. The town was called Cottonwood, a namesake of Cottonwood Creek. A few years later the people of the new town wanted a post office, and at that time the name was changed to Hornbrook. A new name was necessary because there was another town in California with the name of Cottonwood. The new name was given after David M. Horn, who had a stock ranch at the mouth of Cottonwood Creek not far from the town.
    Years later the California and Oregon Railroad became the Southern Pacific. The railroad had a depot, a roundhouse and a switchyard, and in the 1900s and later Hornbrook was a busy little railroad town.
    At the south end of town was Dr. Plimell's office. A blacksmith shop was also at the south end of town and did business there for many years. Near the doctor's office Mr. and Mrs. Griesner had a drug store. North of the drug store was a saloon and back of the saloon was a two-story building where dances and other social events were held. North of the saloon came the open place with walnut trees, a bandstand and a hitching rack, which was, as a rule, well occupied with horses and buggies. North of the open place was a large two-story brick building which contained a saloon, a hotel, and a large merchandise store.
    The brick building and store was owned by Thomas Jones, and later became the T. Jones Company. On the north side of the store was the road that crossed Cottonwood Creek on a bridge and entered the town from the west. On the corner of the next block to the north was a meat shop and barber shop. This building also had an upper floor which was used for lodge meetings. Next was a restaurant, a saloon and a rooming house, and then Waldon Brothers dry goods store. Farther north was the D. C. Earhart hardware store, which also contained the post office and telephone exchange. On the north end of the town in later years there was a wholesale liquor house, which later became a restaurant operated by Dad Clark. East of the railroad tracks was Bert Newton's livery stable, which burned in later years. To the west across Cottonwood Creek was J. C. Jacquette's sivery stable, which I believe, also burned. The Hornbrook Garage was later built at the same place.
    The T. Jones Company store, both inside and outside, looks about the same as it did when I was a little sprout. The scales are the same ones and in the same place. I remember when we boys went to Hornbrook with our father, and he would weigh us on the scales. The heating stove is a different one, but it is in the same place. When I was young and gay I often rode horseback to Hornbrook, and in the wintertime the heat from the big stove felt very good. I often spent a lot of time standing around the stove. There were usually some oldtimers sitting around the stove, and I liked very much to hear them tell of their adventures in the old days. The Civil War veterans would tell of their soldiering experiences. Stockmen and old buckaroos would tell of their bronc-busting days, and there were gold miners there too, telling about the lands of gold and plenty in the wilderness.
    A few of the oldtimers who I remember around Hornbrook and Henley include Sal Shattuck, a cattle and horse man near Henley, and one of the first white men to settle there. Fred Fredenburg lived at Henley, and also Anthony Niles lived there, and was the justice of peace for many years. John O'Neil had a cattle ranch there also. George Day operated the hotel in the Thomas Jones building, and served as constable. Thomas Jones was the founder of the T. Jones Company. There was an oldtimer who lived in the mountains and hauled wood to town with a wagon and team of oxen. Once in a while I would see Oscar Terrill in town from his little ranch on Hutton Creek. Henry Moore had a little ranch near Hornbrook.
    The men who I remember that served as constable from about 1905 include George Day, Joe Clawson, Tillman King, George Hoxie, and Everett Elmore, who is constable at the present time.
    The doctors who practiced medicine in Hornbrook include Dr. Plimell, Dr. E. W. Richardson, and Dr. Ward.
    The blacksmith shop was located at the south end of town and was a busy place. The blacksmiths who operated the shop at different times included Giberson and Dyer, Joe Giberson, Grant McHenry and Archie Elmore. I believe that Archie Elmore was the last to operate the shop.
    Some of the cattlemen in the Hornbrook area in the early days were Ruf Grieve, Manuel Crovelle, Senior, who had a ranch on Hutton Creek, and David M. Horn, at the mouth of Cottonwood Creek, who also served as Supervisor of Siskiyou County.
    Dad Miller had a homestead on the east fork of Hutton Creek and hauled wood to Hornbrook in a little wagon and a small team of black mares.
    A few of the ranch hands I remember were Fred White, Hugh Dozier, who worked for John O'Neil for several years, Firm Anderson, who worked for D. Marshall Horn for many years, and Jack Scholtz, who worked around in different places.
    George Howard had a dry goods store for a while. He was a candidate for the Sheriff of Siskiyou County, but lost. He ran a stage route from Hornbrook to Happy Camp.
    Tom Coppin was in business in Hornbrook for many years with a saloon and dry goods store.
    Nick Buckner was around Hornbrook and Henley for many years, and owned property in Henley, where he lived.
    Charles "Tod" Jacobs was a bartender in the saloon in the T. Jones building, and other bartenders in the saloon were Don Drake and Tom Ashball.
    There was gold in the mountains west of Hornbrook, and many people made prospecting and mining their business.
    Some of the early settlers told me that an Indian village was located where Hornbrook now is. It is no wonder that the Indians lived there, because there were plenty of deer nearby, and Cottonwood Creek was alive with fish.
    Along Cottonwood Creek south of Hornbrook there used to be a hobo camp, where the weary travelers from the freight trains would cook their mulligan stews.
    Thirty or more years ago most of the north part of the business places burned, and have never been replaced. The concrete walls of the building where the butcher shop, barber shop and lodge hall were are standing, and weeds grow between the walls.
    The Indian and his bow and arrow was pushed away from the banks of Cottonwood Creek to make room for the white man with his rush and noise and foolish ways.
    The pioneers, the clickety-clack of the horses' hooves, the chuckle of wagon wheels and the jingle of tug chains have given way to the automobile with its bright paint and shining chrome, and its speed and hum.

December 13, 1953
COTTONWOOD CREEK
    Cottonwood Creek spreads out in the Siskiyou Mountains and empties into the Klamath River a short distance south of Hornbrook. It drains a lot of country in the high mountains where the snowfall is heavy, and therefore has a lot of water in the winter and spring. It almost dries up in the summer when the snow has gone.
    I was never around very much in the upper part of Cottonwood Creek, so I didn't know very much about the history of that area.
    The early settlers told me that when the white man came there were a lot of Indians camped along Cottonwood Creek. They probably camped there because there was plenty of fish in the creek during the winter and spring.
    It would be reasonable to believe that the stream got its name from the cottonwood trees growing along its banks.

December 14, 1953
THE MASSON RANCH
    David Marshall Horn, Sr., was the first man as far as I know to settle at the mouth of Cottonwood Creek. He built up a stock ranch, and was among the first white settlers in the area.
    About 1876 or later, Horn bought the Camp Creek Ranch, now known as the De Souza Ranch, from Charles F. Hammond, to be used mostly as a cattle roundup place.
    Horn operated his ranch at the mouth of Cottonwood Creek for many years, and it was probably the largest ranch for many miles.
    One of his sons with the same name inherited the ranch from his father, and continued to build up and produce cattle for a long time. Young Horn adventured into new ideas for the improvement and enlargement of his cattle ranch. One of his ventures was the extension of the ditch from what is now known as the Paine Ranch to his ranch. This was done about 1908, and was a large job for those days. A few years later the ditch was abandoned.
    To expand the cattle herd one hundred or more Texas long-horned steers were brought in around 1909 and put on the range.
    In 1919 or about that time Horn started to buy the pasture at Buck Lake in Oregon. He gave up this venture after a couple of years. I remember very well the first herd of cattle he drove to Buck Lake because I helped drive them. There were five hundred and forty-five head in the drive.
    For many years the ranch was known as the Horn Ranch, and sometimes it still goes by the old name when the oldtimers speak of it.
    The next owner or operator to follow Horn was a Mr. Thornberry, who came from around the San Francisco Bay area. He had a foreman to operate the ranch, by the name of Dan Beers. After about 3 years John Cooley, Sr., obtained the ranch for a while, and then his son, Arthur J. Cooley, operated the ranch. Following him another son, John Cooley, Jr., operated the ranch. Not many years ago Elie Masson bought the ranch and was there a few years. It is still called the Masson Ranch, although Dick Richman bought it during the late nineteen forties. In about 1951 Richman sold the ranch to Paul Visher, the present owner.

December 15, 1953
THE CROVELLE RANCH
    The Crovelle Ranch is located along the lower part of Hutton Creek at the foot of Bailey Hill. The Southern Pacific Railroad goes through the ranch.
    Manuel Crovelle, Senior, obtained the place as a homestead in the early days, and engaged in cattle raising. Despite the fact that Crovelle has been gone for many years the ranch has been going by his name until very recently.
    The people I remember owning or operating the ranch are Manuel Alves, Manuel F. Crovelle, Jr., and Louis Freitas.
    Lawrence Lemos bought the ranch about two years ago and is the present owner.

December 17, 1953
HUTTON CREEK
    Hutton Creek empties into Cottonwood Creek north of Hornbrook, and it heads in the south slopes of the Pilot Rock area.
    The Hutton Creek area used to be, and I guess it still is, a good winter range for cattle and horses. A few years ago there were lots of horses roaming these hills around Hutton Creek and many of them spent the winters there, for the snowfall usually was light, and there was quite a lot of grass on the rocky ridges.
    The headwaters of Hutton Creek are on the Oregon side of the state line.
    Some forty or fifty years ago some people started to make a couple of little ranches in the main fork of Hutton Creek near the state line, but they were vacant a few years ago when I was there, although some of the buildings were still standing.
    Some thirty years ago someone lived there for a while and had a herd of goats, and since then it's been called the Goat Ranch.
    There used to be a wagon road up the creek to the little ranches, but when I was there last in the mid-nineteen forties the road had not been used for a long time, and was not passable.
    It's sort of a nice place, with a couple of nice, cold springs. Probably some people, long ago, homesteaded the place.
    On the east branch of Hutton Creek a man we used to call "Dad" Miller located a homestead some forty-five years ago.

December 18, 1953
SHELTON ROCK
    There is a peak, or pointed hill, between Hutton Creek and Highway 99 north of what used to be called the Crovelle Ranch. The peak is known as Shelton Rock. Why it was named Shelton Rock I do not know.
    It used to be a heaven for horses in the wintertime when there were a lot of them on the range a few years ago. Cattle also stayed around there in the winter since the snowfall is usually light, and there is bunchgrass around the rocky hillsides, which both the cattle and horses like.

December 18, 1953
THE TERRILL RANCH
    The Terrill Ranch is on up Hutton Creek from the Crovelle Ranch. Years ago Oscar Terrill and his family lived there. I don't know what the little ranch is called these days.
    Terrill was in the early days a great deer hunter, and I can remember him telling about his hunting experiences when I was a little sprout.
    He had a 30-30 Marlin rifle, one of the first high-powered rifles around, and he used to say all he needed was three jumps of a deer and he was sure to have meat. All in all he was a crack rifle shot, and would take part in the turkey shoots, where he nearly always won some turkeys.

December 18, 1953
THE ANDERSON GRADE
    The Anderson Grade was part of the old stage road between the Klamath River on the north and the Shasta River on the south.
    The road was narrow and crooked and as the wagons traveled up and down the grade the jingle of the bells on the horses helped to make their passing something to be remembered. On the down grade the squawk of the brakes against the wheels would be added to the other rattles and sounds that accompanied the freight wagons and stages.
    The grade received its name from Firm Anderson, Sr., who lived at the foot of the grade and operated a ferry across the Klamath River. The Anderson Grade and the Anderson Ferry were part of the old stage and freight road from Yreka, California, to Jacksonville, Oregon. The use of the old grade declined after the railroad came through in about 1887.
    Some of the drivers of the old stage coaches I knew and remember include the father and son, Abner and Henry Giddings, Nort Eddings, Charles Laird, George Chase and Daniel Cawley. Daniel Cawley drove the first and last stage over the Siskiyou Mountains.
    These days when I ride over the highway in an automobile from Hornbrook to Yreka, I usually look up on the mountain to the east where the mark of the Anderson Grade is still visible and think of the several times that I rode horseback over that grade many years ago.
    Although it has been a long time since the grade was a busy road, some local use is still made of the old trail from time to time.

December 19, 1953
HILT
    I don't know much about the little town of Hilt. It could be called a sawmill town because the lumbering and logging business seems to be the most active there, although there are some stock ranches in the area.
    From what I have been told a man by the name of John Hilt first had a little sawmill and ranch near the present town of Hilt. The name Hilt was applied to the present sawmill and community when they were established, although they were built in a different place than the original mill and ranch.
    About ten years ago I had a nice visit with Wilmer Hilt, the son of John Hilt, who built the original mill, and he told me he went to school with my father at Hurley in the early days.
    It was around 1929 when I last visited at Hilt, so I don't know much about the doings there at this time.

December 19, 1953
IVIN MILLER'S HOMESTEAD
    Some time around forty years ago a man we knew as Dad Miller located a homestead at the head of the east fork of Hutton Creek. I remember him well, and used to see him come into Hornbrook with loads of wood in his little wagon. I always admired his little black team of mares.
    In later years the homestead was taken over by his son, Ivin Miller, and the homestead was known as the Ivin Miller place. The son passed away about five years ago and the place has been vacant since then as far as I know. I have heard that the homestead has been sold to the Crabtree brothers and that they plan to use it as a hunting camp.
    The homestead would be a nice place in the winters to use for fur trapping, since that area was good coyote and bobcat country. I suppose they are scarce there now, just as they are elsewhere.

December 19, 1953
SWIFT'S HOMESTEAD
    I don't know how long Hiram Swift, also known as "High" Swift, lived on his little ranch west of little Pilot Rock near Hutton Creek. He was there when I was a boy and lived there until he passed away over twenty years ago.
    Swift was in the horse business, and also cut and hauled wood to Hornbrook.
    I believe that Swift homesteaded the place, and as far as I know it is still called the Swift place, although I think it was sold, and has only been used for cattle pasture at the present time. I do not know of anyone else ever having lived there.

December 19, 1953
THE GOAT RANCH
    A long time ago, probably around fifty years or so, people settled on Hutton Creek a little south of the Oregon-California boundary. There are the remains of two sets of buildings several hundred yards apart, so I would guess the two homesteads were taken out or perhaps they acquired the land by some other means.
    Around 25 years ago people lived on one of the places and had a little herd of goats. For many years it was called the Goat Ranch, and probably still goes by that name.
    I like those little places, and either one of them would be a nice place to call home for anyone who doesn't care too much for this so-called civilization.

December 20, 1953
PILOT ROCK
    Pilot Rock was first called Pilot Knob, and was the feeding ground for mountain sheep and the grizzly bear. It is a big, bluffy rock, and the area on its east side is one of the roughest places in southern Jackson County, Oregon,
    Pilot Rock can be seen for many miles, and for this reason it was one of the landmarks used by the early explorers. It was named long before Northern California and Southern Oregon were settled, and served as a guidepost before roads and trails were built through the country.
    The Pilot Rock country must have been heaven for the wild things of the forest before the white man came with his firearms and his sheep and cattle. The timber and brush on the steep and rocky hillsides around Pilot Rock made it one of the last places the wildlife used to escape from the man and his rifle.
    The notorious grizzly bear, Reelfoot, seemed to have been guided by his instinct and hatred for man to choose that rugged area as his headquarters and place for hibernation. He had for many years evaded the carefully laid plans of men to kill him for the twenty-seven hundred dollars reward offered by the cattlemen.
    Many hunters had endured great hardships to hunt him down, but the hunters and dogs were no match for the wily old grizzly, who had lost three of his toes in a trap, and was carrying rifle bullets under his hide.
    It was southeast of Pilot Rock, near Wildcat Gulch, where Reelfoot's career ended when he was killed, April 10, 1890, by William A. Wright and Purl Bean, after a fierce battle.

December 21, 1953
ROBBER'S ROCK
    Back in the spring of 1915 William A. Wright and I started out for the summit of the Siskiyou Mountains with a team and wagon loaded with a camp outfit. After leaving Hornbrook we traveled on the wagon road, known as the old stage road, through Hilt and on up the mountain. The old road wound around, and was steep in places. As we approached the top at the last sharp turn, Wright, an old miner, pointed out a large rock not far from the road. The rock was nearly round, and was located in some scattered oaks and brush.
    Wright told me it was called Robbers' Rock, because soon after the stages began to run over the mountains, three armed bandits held up a stage and made off with a shipment of gold.

December 22, 1953
HORN'S PEAK
    Horn's Peak is about one mile north and east from Hornbrook and a couple of miles north from what used to be the Horn Ranch. It was named for David M. Horn, Sr., a pioneer ranch owner and stockman.
    I used to ride in the vicinity of the ranch each year to round up horses. There was good winter and spring feed there for horses, and it was all open range in those days, but I suppose it is fenced now.

December 22, 1953
DEAD HORSE GULCH
    Dead Horse Gulch heads just east of Horn Peak and empties into the Klamath River just below the present bridge across the river near the old town of Klamathon.
    Many years ago when I was punching cattle and wrangling horses, the name of Dead Horse Gulch was often mentioned by the riders of the range. The country around that area was all open range, but I believe that now it is all under fence.

December 22, 1953
THE SEIKEL RANCH
    The Ed J. Seikel Ranch was located on one of the forks of Dead Horse Gulch, about a mile or more from the Klamath River.
    From twenty-five to forty years ago I did a lot of riding for horses on the range around the Seikel Ranch. The ranch was then, and as far back as I can remember, owned by and operated by Mr. and Mrs. Edward J. Seikel. He was in the horse business.
    Although it was a small ranch, I always liked the place and its location. I don't know at this time who owns the place, or if anyone lives there.

December 23, 1953
WILLOW CREEK
    Willow Creek empties into the Klamath River less than a mile upstream from the old town of Klamathon. The creek is quite long and is well known. It heads up in the mountains east from the north end of Shasta Valley.
    About a mile upstream from its mouth there is a place that was called Laird's Station during the stage coach days. In later years it was known as the Thrall Ranch. The old Klamath Lake railroad joined the Southern Pacific at this place.
    On up the creek is the old town of Ager, the Kegg Ranch and a few other ranches, including the Joseph Ranch. The Morton Brothers Ranch is not far from the creek, and above their ranch is the Mulloy Ranch, and what used to be the Nolan Ranch.
    I helped harvest the grain crop on the Nolan Ranch in 1914.
    There used to be many steelhead fish that would run up Willow Creek, and I suppose they still use Willow Creek for their runs.
    I don't know how the creek was named, but willows grow in many places along the stream.

December 24, 1953
LITTLE  BOGUS CREEK
    The little creek or gulch that empties into the Klamath River about two miles up the river from old Klamathon town and on the east side of the river is called Little Bogus Creek.
    About two miles up the river from Little Bogus Creek, and also on the east side, is Bogus Creek. It is much larger than Little Bogus Creek, and has water in it the year around. Little Bogus Creek has water only through the winter and spring months.
    Many years ago when I was roaming the range I would see many steelhead fish in the little stream after the warm rains during the winters. They would go up the little stream to spawn.

December 28, 1953
GIDDINGS HILL
    In going down the Klamath River to Hornbrook the road crosses Cedar Gulch and then goes over a little hill and down to the river again. The hill is called Giddings Hill, and is not as noticeable over the new road as it used to be. On the old road in earlier years the hill was a good pull for the horses when the wagons were used, and the early automobiles often had trouble with the hill when the road was muddy from the rains. The new road follows along where the old cutoff trail used to be, and is not as steep as the old road was.
    Giddings Hill was named after Abner and Henry Giddings. They were father and son who lived near the hill and both were early-day stage drivers. They drove stages between Yreka, California, and Jacksonville, Oregon, before the railroad was built through Siskiyou Mountain.

December 28, 1953
KLAMATHON
    Klamathon was a busy little town before the fire in 1902 destroyed the most of it, including the sawmill.
    The logs for the mill came from around the Pokegama area. They were hauled to the rim of the canyon south of Shovel Creek and were released into a chute made from hand-hewn logs that extended from the rim of the canyon to the Klamath River. The logs were floated down the Klamath to the town of Klamathon, where they were sawed into lumber.
    What little remained of Klamathon after the fire soon dwindled away, although the post office remained for a few more years in the store of I. H. Small, who was also the postmaster.
    "Jap" Crenshaw operated a blacksmith shop on the north side of the river, and he continued to remain in the business for many years after the fire. The old wooden wagon bridge across the river was almost in front of the wagon shop. The bridge was used until the mid-twenties, when the county built a new bridge upstream from the old one.
    The dam across the river at Klamathon that held the logs for the mill had a fish ladder, and I can remember before the town burned how the salmon would hang along the river below the dam by the thousands. People for many miles would go there to get the salmon to salt or dry for the winter's food supply.
    I can remember the log drivers along the river. In later years some of the old drivers told me a lot about the log drives and some of the things that happened in old Klamathon town. The log drivers whom I recall include Rod W. Frain, W. L. Frain, Fred Frain, Frank Woods, James White and Henry Hoover.
    There used to be a cemetery on the hillside a half mile or so up the river from the town. There is not any sign of it now except a post and a tree. Some of the graves were moved, but some still remain. The cemetery seems to have outlived its usefulness after the town and mill burned, and probably at this time is all but forgotten except for a few oldtimers.

January 1, 1954
THE THRALL RANCH
    The ranch that is now called the Thrall Ranch was known as Laird's Station when I was a little boy. For many years, up until 1899 or later, William T. Laird owned and operated the place. Like many other such places it was a stage station and stopping place for travelers and freighters. The old wagon road went by the station, and for many years I believe that for several years the stages and freight wagons going to and from Oregon traveled that way before the Anderson Grade was built.
    William T. Laird sold the place around 1899 or later. The name was changed to Thrall, and it became the junction of the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Klamath Lake Railroad when the Klamath Lake Railroad was finished in 1903.
    In about 1914 Roy Hackard operated the ranch for a year or so and then a man by the name of Hansen was there for a while.
    Sometimes I would stay overnight there while I was rounding up cattle. The house was a large hotel-type building, and the barn provided plenty of room for the horses.
    I have not been in sight of the place for years, and probably the buildings are gone now, since I believe no one has lived there for many years. The ranch has been farmed from time to time, and is always referred to as the Thrall Ranch by the oldtimers.
    Thrall is like many other places that were busy stage stations. As the automobile became popular, the blacksmith shops, the livery stables and the stage stations pined away and passed on into history.

January 4, 1954
CEDAR GULCH
    Cedar Gulch empties into the Klamath River on the north side about two miles upstream from Klamathon. Going downstream the road crosses Cedar Gulch just before going over Giddings Hill. It is not a large gulch and has water only during the winter months.
    I do not know how it was named. I can understand the gulch part of the name, but I never did see any cedar trees in the area. Some people refer to cedar trees as juniper trees, and it is possible the name came from the many juniper trees along the gulch.
    I did a lot of riding on horse roundups in the earlier years, and the rocky hillside of the gulch is still there where I made a forced landing after one of Charlie Liskey's so-called saddle mares wiggled out from under me. I tried my best to stay on her back but could not.

January 4, 1954
THE SCHOLENBURGER RANCH
    In the early 1870s, my grandfather, William R. Wright, and family settled on the north side of Klamath River near the mouth of Dry Creek. I believe that Wright was the first to live there and I am quite sure he acquired the land either by homesteading or preemption.
    My father, Thomas J. Wright, and my uncle, William A. Wright, dug the ditch that is still in use at the ranch.
    After living there for several years Wright sold the ranch to George Deal, and after a few more years Deal sold to James Bell. The ranch was called the Bell Ranch for many years, and even long after he sold it.
    My memory is rather vague about all the people who owned the ranch or lived there, and the Silva brothers are the next ones that I remember owning the place. About 1910 Mark Ager owned the ranch and operated it two or three years. He sold to Guy Boone, who operated the ranch for about half a dozen years, and then sold to Robert Ferrill. Ferrill, after several years, sold to Manuel F. Crovelle, who had the ranch for several years before selling it to Percy F. Scholenburger. The ranch is now known as the Scholenburger Ranch, although it was sold about two years ago to Loran Paine, there were, of course, other people who lived there, either as tenants or as caretakers. They include Joe Clawson, George Asevado, George Schrofield, C. F. Moore and Jesse Wright.
    Before William R. Wright settled there, Sal Shattuck and a companion were attacked by hostile Indians while riding the trail along the hillside near where the present road is now located. Shattuck's companion was wounded by a rifle bullet from the Indians but Shattuck held him on his horse until they reached a doctor. Shattuck's companion recovered from his wound. During the attack by the Indians Shattuck narrowly missed being wounded when a rifle bullet became embedded in his saddle.
    When Joe Clawson was operating the ranch for George Deal a cougar came to the corral and killed a calf one night while Clawson and his brother Elie were in the house. Their dog, or dogs, ran to the corral and put the cougar up a juniper tree that used to be in the old corral, and Joe Clawson shot him down.
    It was in one of the old barns which still stands, about 1907, where Joe Silva was fatally injured when an enemy of his shot him with a revolver. Joe Silva was able to ride his horse into town after being wounded, but passed away after reaching town.

January 5, 1954
DRY CREEK
    Dry Creek is a small but rather long creek that empties into the north side of Klamath River about a mile upstream from Cedar Gulch. It has water only during the winter months. It heads on the east side of Little Pilot Rock.
    Many steelhead fish used to run up Dry Creek during the winters and maybe they still do. The last time I went fishing in Dry Creek was in 1921, I think. I suppose it got its name because it is dry during the summer months.

January 7, 1954
ELIE'S FLAT
    It has been a long time since I heard anyone mention Elie's Flat. Maybe it is private land now, and fenced in since I have not been there for over twenty-five years. I used to do a lot of riding for horses in that area many years ago. The horses are all gone now, and my riding days are over.
    Elie's Flat is a kind of little flat and open place along Dry Creek about a mile up from the Klamath River and near the old wagon road that leads up to Little Good Water and old Pedro Smith homestead.
    It was called Elie's Flat because Elie Clawson camped there a long time ago, probably in the 1870s. The name Elie's Flat was used by the stockmen in the early days and was a well-known name.
    Elie Clawson camped and lived in a number of places in these mountains in the early days. What is now known as Hearn's Flat was once called Elie's Camp. Elie's Glade was also named after Clawson. In the early 1870s there was a place on Camp Creek known as the Bull Hide Camp, where Clawson had a bull hide stretched up to make a lean-to for his camp.

January 7, 1954
NAY'S SPRINGS
    I seldom go down the Klamath River to Hornbrook these days but when I do go I enjoy looking at the changes and the new things that have come with the years. The old familiar places I see along the road bring memories of days gone by.
    One of the old place names I notice is Nay's Springs, which are located near the head of Paine's Ditch. There are two springs close together, and I wonder how many people that are around now know how the springs were named.
    Sometime around the early 1900s a man lived near the springs who had the name of Nay. He had a little board cabin and a barn or shed. He had a small pasture under fence, where he kept his buggy horse.
    The name of Nay's Springs was often used by early stockmen when all the range land along the road was open.
    It is a strange thing that the two springs are so close together, since one of them is a mineral spring and the other gives good mountain water. Cattle and horses used to come long distances to drink there, and it was also a lick for deer.

January 7, 1954
H. J. QUIGLEY'S HOMESTEAD
    Back around 1914, Horace J. Quigley and his family came from Watsonville, California, by team and wagon, a located a homestead along the upper part of Dry Creek. They lived there a number of years until they sold the homestead in the early 1920s and moved to Ashland, Oregon, to spend their declining years.
    Since Quigley sold the homestead several people have lived there, including Fred Quigley and Fred Davis.
    I used to see the Quigleys quite often, and I always enjoyed H. J. Quigley telling about his buckaroo days in Eastern Oregon when he was a young man. He showed me the old 44 Remington cap and ball six-shooter he once carried on the range land many years before. 
    The war between the sheep men and the cattle men was in full bloom in that part of Oregon in those days, and the life of a buckaroo there must have been a hard one. A man had to have youth and vigor to do the job in those buckaroo days, but there was some fun and excitement with them for the young people, and many of them liked the rough life.

January 8, 1954
McHENRY'S HOMESTEAD
    Grant McHenry was the blacksmith in Hornbrook before he located his homestead, about 1915, in the upper part of the Dry Creek area, south of Little Pilot Rock, and on the California side of the border.
    McHenry was in the cattle business on his homestead until his advanced age caused him to sell several years ago. While he lived on his homestead he still did some horseshoeing and blacksmithing along with his ranch work.
    He was among the best of the old-time blacksmiths.

January 8, 1954
PEDRO SMITH'S HOMESTEAD
    Many years ago when I was a little sprout there was a little ranch on the sunny south slope at the head of Dry Creek. For many years the place was called the Pedro Smith Homestead. I believe that Smith homesteaded it around the late 1880s. I do not remember how long he lived there, probably through the 1890s, but I do remember two men living there at different times when I was a little boy. One was a man named Beery, and the other was named Boyd. I do not think that either of them were there very long. Charles Liskey lived there about 1909 to 1914, and a few years later, or some time in the early '20s, Guy Roberts lived there, and I think owned the place.
    When I was a young fellow I liked the little ranch very much.
    As far as I know no one had lived on the little ranch for several years before the early 1930s when it was sold to Grant McHenry, who had a homestead nearby. It was then included with the McHenry property, and used by him for pasture.

January 8, 1954
LITTLE PILOT ROCK
    The ridge between the head of Dry Creek and Hutton Creek rises, or bulges up into a backbone of almost solid rock. The high place in the ridge was named Little Pilot Rock, and is about two and a half miles south of the state line. I suppose it was named after Pilot Rock, which is to the north, and was sometimes called Big Pilot Rock. The name is a little confusing because on the Oregon side of the border there is a point of rocks that is also called Little Pilot Rock.

January 6, 1954
BRUSH CREEK
    Brush Creek runs into the north side of the Klamath River about a mile and a half upstream from Dry Creek. I do not know how it was named, but from where it empties into the Klamath to its head the country is mostly open hillsides with a few oak and juniper trees and a little brush. At its mouth, however, there used to be a thick patch of skunk brush, and the old cutoff trail used to go through this brush, and that is probably why the stream is called Brush Creek.
    Lots of steelhead fish used to run up Brush Creek during the winters. The last fish that I got out of Brush Creek was back in about 1920. I came riding up the road from Hornbrook on my way home and I saw a lot of nice slick fish, and they sort of made me fish-hungry. I slid off of my horse and slipped my old "peacemaker" from the holster. The old "peacemaker" gave off a blast-like report and a big puff of black powder smoke and I heard a big splash in the creek, and saw a fish with his belly turned up to the sky. To make a longer story short I had a nice fish to eat the next morning.

January 9, 1954
THE BOGUS RANCH
    I don't remember who first owned the Bogus Ranch, which is located at the mouth of Bogus Creek, on the south side of the Klamath River.
    The early settlers told me there was an Indian village there, which continued for some time even after the white man came into the country. It would have been an ideal place for the Indians because the stream in the early days was a wonderful place for fish. During the winter months the steelhead ran up the stream, the mountain trout were there the year round, and in the fall the salmon went up the stream.
    The Indians liked to live where there were plenty of fish and game. They hunted and fished because they liked to eat and not just to obtain a trophy, as the white man often does. The Indians must have enjoyed a wonderful country before the palefaces and their rifles came along. When the white man came the Indians with their bows and arrows had to move along, and I suppose that the Indians at the mouth of Bogus Creek gave way to the white man for the same reason.
    When I was a boy, and up until about 1910, a man that everyone called "Grasshopper" lived on what is now called the Bogus Ranch. Why he was called "Grasshopper" I do not know, and his real name was used so little that I do not remember what it was. From about 1910 to the early '20s John Franklin owned the ranch and lived there with his family. After he sold out there were two or three people who lived there or owned the ranch within the period of a few years. About the middle of the '20s the ranch was sold to the California and Oregon Power Company. The power company has had it leased out, and the first lessee, I think, was Manuel De Souza, Sr., who had the ranch for about five years. The next lessee was Max Desavedo, who had it for about three years, and the last lessee was King Lewis, who still has it, I believe.
    It has been called the Bogus Ranch since Franklin sold out. It is not a very large ranch, but it produces a lot of hay for its size. The land is irrigated by ditches from Bogus Creek.
    I helped put up the hay there a few times, and also helped clean out the ditches and repair the fences.
    The California State Department of Fish and Game at one time in the '20s had a fish trap on the ranch in Bogus Creek. They caught the steelhead trout in the wintertime and put them in a pond. When the trout were ready to lay their eggs they obtained the eggs and let the trout go free again. The Fish and Game fellows let the eggs hatch out, and when the little minnows were large enough to make their own living they were turned loose in the rivers and creeks to grow up into big fish. The fish having been brought up as pets I would suppose would be easy prey for the fish ducks and kingfishers. If those fellows can hatch and rear fish that beats nature's way they will have to show me, because one of my grandparents was from Missouri, and I have inherited a little of that "you show me" spirit.

January 9, 1954
HORSESHOE BEND
    I do not hear the name Horseshoe Bend mentioned very much these days. One reason is, I suppose, that there are not as many cattle and horses on the range, and the stock men do not ride the range as much as in the earlier days. The present riders are for the most part new to some of the places on the range, and have not kept up with the old place names.
    Horseshoe Bend is in the area at the head of Brush Creek. It is a place on the south hillside, where the old wagon road made a horseshoe-shaped bend in going up the hill.
    In the early days, before the county road was built along the Klamath River, the old wagon road by the way of Horseshoe Bend was the only way out to Henley for the Grieve brothers, who had a ranch at the mouth of Jenny Creek, and for others living in that area.
    In going to Henley the old road left Grieve's lower ranch and went through Grieve's Gap and on to Ward's Flat, Horseshoe Bend, Little Good Water, across Dry Creek, and on to Henley.
    The last time I was at Horseshoe Bend I could see the marks of the old wagon road were still visible.

January 9, 1954
BOGUS CREEK
    Bogus Creek has water the year round and goes through a rather open, rolling country. Several ranches use its water for irrigation. It heads up in the Bogus Mountains, where the snowfall is quite heavy, and empties into the Klamath River.
    In the early days Bogus Creek was a good stream for fish. Steelhead, mountain trout and salmon could be caught at different times of the year. It has been a score of years and more since I have taken a fish from Bogus Creek.
    I believe that the stream and area were named Bogus through someone having bogus money, but I do not remember anyone ever telling me just why the name was given.

January 10, 1954
LITTLE GOOD WATER
    Long before our mothers ever thought of you and me, and long before the railroads came up through the valleys, a little group of riders of the range land came upon a little spring. They were tired and thirsty from many long hours in the saddle under the hot summer sun when they found the little spring. They dismounted and pawed out a little hole in the spring, and soon they all had a drink. There was not much water in the spring, but it was good, or at least they thought it was, and the name of the spring became Little Good Water.
    The name, Little Good Water, has stood all down through the years, despite the fact that many people have lived on the ranch that was developed at the spring.
    It was all open range when the dusty and thirsty riders found the spring, and the ranch there was known for many years as the Wadsworth place, but the spring's name still stands as Little Good Water.

January 10, 1954
OAK SPRING
    In the extreme head of Brush Creek and about a mile or less west of Horseshoe Bend on the south slope facing Little Good Water there is a nice spring. It is called Oak Spring, because of the oak trees around it.
    During the 1920s there was a moonshine still operating there.

January 10, 1954
BRADY'S LICK
    Brady's Lick is about one mile or less east of the Pedro Smith Homestead and on the south slope facing Little Good Water.
    I do not remember how the spring got its name.

January 10, 1954
IRON GATE
    There is a place along the Klamath River between Hearn's Flat and the mouth of Brush Creek where the bluffs on both sides of the river pinches in to the water's edge. On the west side the wagon road has been cut through the rocks and on the east side the old Klamath Lake Railroad grade required a deep rock cut in order to  pass along by the water's edge.
    The place is called Iron Gate and I do not know how or why it was named but if my memory is correct, and sometimes it is not, the place used to be known as Hell's Gate a long time ago.
    The California and Oregon Power Company did some drilling and exploring there back about 1930. People at that time thought that they were getting ready to dam the river for electric power and maybe they will some day. It will probably become a reality if something does not come along to take the place of water power and that does not seem likely in the near future. We will wait and see.

January 11, 1954
THE LISKEY RANCH
    About sixty-five years ago a Civil War veteran with the name of Beers and his family came from around Dorris in Butte Valley and settled along Brush Creek. I do not know how he acquired the little ranch but he probably homesteaded it. He lived there for several years and his three sons, Ambrose, George, and Jay, grew to manhood there and helped with the ranch improvements.
    It was about the year 1908 when Beers sold out and went to Oregon. I do not remember who bought the ranch from Beers but a short time afterwards, or in about 1910, Robert Ferrell of McCloud, California, bought the ranch and owned it for a few years. After Ferrell sold it it was owned by two or three different people until Charles Liskey bought it around in the late thirties. For many years it was called the Beers Ranch or until the Liskey family established their home there. Since then it has been known as the Liskey Ranch.
    I used to like the little ranch very much because of its location. It was out away from the main traveled road about half a mile and was the only ranch on Brush Creek. It is not as much of an out-of-the-way place now as it used to be since the automobile has taken over from the horse.

January 15, 1954
HEARN'S FLAT
    Along the Klamath River about halfway between Camp Creek and Brush Creek the hills on the west side of the river spread out away from the river in a quarter circle to form a bar-like place of about forty acres. The place was called Elie's Camp long ago because Elie Clawson, a mountain man, camped there for some time at the lower end of the flat near the river. Signs of the camp were still there when I was a boy.
    As far back as I can remember Thomas J. Hearn and family lived there on the little ranch. During the nineteen twenties the ranch was sold to the California and Oregon Power Company. Since then the house and barn have been moved away. In recent years the place has been called Hearn's Flat.
    Hearn first lived on the Brush Creek side of the hill north of the Beers Ranch, now called the Liskey Ranch. The place where he first lived was his homestead and I do not know how he acquired Hearn's Flat, but it was probably part of his homestead. He moved from his first location to the Flat [and] made plans to build a water wheel to irrigate the place. He never did build the wheel but he did have an alfalfa patch on the Flat and raised enough hay to feed a few cattle and horses.
    When I am going by Hearn's Flat I often think of the big long slim buckskin horse that I rode there one rainy day. He bucked me off on my first try but I stayed on his middle the second time around. Mrs. Nellie Hearn was frightened because she thought that I might get hurt, but things like that were fun for me when it happened back in 1914.

January 15, 1954
CHOKECHERRY SPRING
    It is a nice spring with a lot of chokecherry trees around it and that is why it was named the Chokecherry Spring.
    During the prohibition days in the nineteen twenties there was a moonshine still in operation at the spring just as there were at most of the springs that were in out-of-the-way places. The spring was well known in those days as the Chokecherry Spring.
    About twenty-five years ago or less, A. B. Madero bought that section of land from the Southern Pacific Land Company and a few years later sold the property to George Pettee. Pettee has made a little ranch out of the place and has built his house a few hundred yards from the spring.
    The name Chokecherry Spring has just about vanished from the scene.

January 16, 1954
FRANK MILLER'S HOMESTEAD
    Somewhere around fifty years ago or more Frank Miller located a homestead between Coyote Peak and the Klamath River and lived there a while and then the homestead was vacant for several years. It was not occupied again until about 1912 when Walter Herzog bought the property and built a cabin on it. He lived there about two years and during that time he sold a half interest in the place to Charles Liskey. Herzog sold his other half interest to Charles Liskey shortly after moving from the ranch.
    Charles Liskey built a house and barn on the property and dug a ditch from the Klamath River to irrigate the fields. In places along the ditch flumes were required to bring the water past some bluffs. The ditch had been started by someone several years before Liskey completed it.
    Charles Liskey and family were in the cattle and horse business for several years there before they bought the Beers Ranch on Brush Creek.
    After the Charles Liskey family moved to the ranch on Brush Creek Jack Liskey and his family lived on the old Frank Miller homestead. The house on the old homestead burned a few years after Jack Liskey moved there, and no one has lived there since that time.

January 16, 1954
HERZOG'S PLACE
    Walter Herzog bought a little patch of land around 1916 at the mouth of Camp Creek from Antone Burch and built a cabin and barn there. He built or rebuilt a water wheel and irrigated quite a large garden for a few years.
    Herzog moved from the place at Camp Creek to live on his mine at Gottville, a place several miles downstream on the Klamath River, and John H. Wright lived on Herzog's little place and raised the garden there for a few years until he died in about 1928.
    Shortly after John H. Wright passed away the property was sold by Herzog to the California and Oregon Power Company.
    Herzog's cabin and barn were a short distance from the Lowood school house. The cabin, the barn, and the school house have all been taken away years ago.

January 17, 1954
THE BURCH RANCH
    As far as I know Antone Burgess and his family were the first to live along the Klamath River on what was known several years later as the Burch Ranch.
    Antone Burgess passed away in the mid-eighteen nineties and Mrs. Burgess married Antone Burch and continued to maintain the ranch. They were in the business of raising sheep and later they were in the cattle and horse business.
    In the early nineteen hundreds the children of school age crossed the river in a rowboat to reach the school. Later on Burch built a wagon bridge across the river and for several years the bridge was operated as a toll bridge. High water washed the bridge away several years ago.
    Burch sold the ranch to Max Desavedo I believe in the mid-thirties. A year or two later Desavedo sold to the California and Oregon Power Company. Since then the power company has been leasing the property to the Charles Liskey family.

January 17, 1954
MUD SPRING CREEK
    The only time that Mud Spring Creek has any water in it is during the winter months. It is a small creek that empties into Camp Crook on the De Souza Ranch. It heads in the hills around Mud Spring and that is why it was given the name of Mud Spring Creek.
    During the heavy rains in the winter months there is quite a lot of water in the little stream, which is more of a gulch than a creek. During the warm rains there used to be quite a lot of steelhead trout run up the stream and I suppose they still do if there are any left.

January 18, 1954
WARD'S FLAT
    There is a flat open place with a little spring on it along the old wagon road between the De Souza Ranch and Horseshoe Bend. It has been called by that name because Ruff Ward camped there and hunted deer during the market hunting days, probably in the early eighteen nineties.
    The country used to be all open and hundreds of cattle and horses would graze over the hills. I have not been riding that way for several years and maybe it is all fenced in now but in any event the place is still Ward's Flat to me.
    There are always changes being made and the fences, roads, and names of places sometimes change with the times. New people arrive and take their place and it is hard for me to know about all the new things since I am not fast enough these days, and neither is my saddle horse, to keep up to date with this fast era.

January 18, 1954
MUD SPRING
    Mud Spring is in the upper part of Mud Spring Creek. There are some mud holes there that are fed from the spring and that accounts for the name.
    Someone lived there for a while in the early nineteen hundreds and I think that his name was Moore.
    The place is now owned by Charles McKay and he lived at the spring for about five years before he moved to the cabin farther on down Mud Spring Creek where he now lives.
    I used to like the country around there, it would make a nice little dry ranch. It used to be good country for coyotes but I suppose they have all been killed off by now.

January 18, 1954
PINE CREEK
    Pine Creek empties into Camp Creek on the De Souza Ranch. It heads in the high mountains east of Pilot Rock and west of Lone Pine Ridge and around the Spider Camp.
    In the early days there was a big pine tree on a big long ridge, and for this reason the ridge was called Lone Pine Ridge. The pine stood several hundred yards from any other trees and was called Lone Pine. The creek at the foot of the ridge on the west was called Pine Creek. The creek has been called Pine Creek for scores of years, but they have it named Scotch Creek on the maps in late years and why this has been done I do not know. In any event it has always been Pine Creek to me and I am going to continue to call it Pine Creek.
    Some of these hurry-up, live-fast, pencil-pushing fellows do sometimes get some funny things down on paper, but that is another story.
    There are several creeks and gulches that feed Pine Creek and they all go dry during the late summers and before except for a few places.
    About two miles of Pine Creek runs through the Horse Shoe Ranch. There is a fall in the creek below the Horse Shoe Ranch that keeps the Steelhead fish from going any farther upstream. A few small trout used to be able to go over the falls.
    The lower part of Pine Creek was my playground when I was a boy, and now when I am down in that part of the country I think of my boyhood days and picture a shy little barefoot boy with his bow and arrows trying to be like a full-grown Indian before the white man came this way.

January 18, 1954
THE HORSE SHOE RANCH
    In earlier days I believe a man lived, or camped, on what is now the Horse Shoe Ranch. I do not remember well what the oldtimers told me about the beginning of the ranch but I seem to remember that a man had a summer camp there while his cattle grazed on the surrounding hills.
    The next person to live there was a man named Bean who owned the ranch. When I was a boy he was always known to me as "Old Man Bean." He had two or three daughters and two sons, Henry, known as Hank, and Purl.
    Purl Bean became well known for taking part with William A. Wright in 1890 in the slaying of the noted grizzly bear Reelfoot.
    I believe that the next man to own the ranch was A. B. Smith, who probably bought the ranch from Bean around 1900 or before. Smith lived on the ranch with his family and was in the cattle business there until about 1912.
    From about 1912 to about 1915 Everett Elmore of Hornbrook lived on the ranch and operated it with a lease. In about 1915 the Hays brothers of Fort Jones bought the ranch and used it as a cow camp for about three years while their cattle grazed the hillsides.
    I believe that the next owners were the Pulford brothers of Chico, California, who were horse traders and lived there part of the time for a couple of years or so.
    The ranch was vacant for a few years until Carlton E. Miller of Palo Alto, California, bought the property in the early nineteen thirties. He named it the Horse Shoe Ranch, and it is still owned by the Miller family. The Miller family maintain the ranch as a place for recreation.
    The caretakers who have lived there for the Miller family include J. E. "Earl" McHenry, G. B. Crabtree, C. F. Moore, and again G. B. Crabtree, who has been there for about ten years and is the present caretaker.

January 18, 1954
BRUSHY GULCH
    Although there is not as much brush along Brushy Gulch as some of the other gulches and creeks have, it has been called Brushy Gulch as long as I can remember.
    Brushy Gulch empties into Slide Creek and the water then goes into Pine Creek and on into Camp Creek.
    I have not been in the Brushy Gulch area for over twelve years, but it is probably much the same as it used to be with perhaps more brush and scrub oak on the hills now than then.
    That area used to be good country for bobcats and coyotes but I suppose they have been killed off by this time.

January 18, 1954
SPAULDING'S CAMP
    Back around 1908 a small-time swindler supposedly located a homestead where Wildcat Gulch empties into Slide Creek. He lived there in a little cabin for a few years before selling out. After selling the property he left the country and as far as I know he was never heard from in this part of the country again. It was learned later that the land he sold, or part of it any way, did not belong to him.
    No one has lived there since that time, but the place is still known as Spaulding's Camp. The slick little swindler left years ago, but his name still lives where he once lived in his little cabin.
    Sometime in the eighteen eighties William A. Wright used his 50-70 Sharps carbine at the place now known as Spaulding's Camp as a set gun for the grizzly bear Reelfoot. One end of a string was tied to the trigger of the carbine and the other end was tied to a beef head. The bear came and fired the carbine but somehow the bullet missed the old cattle killing grizzly. He was finally killed in 1890 a mile or so from the spot where he fired the carbine.

January 20, 1954
SLIDE CREEK
    I wonder if there are many people around these days who know why Slide Creek was given the name it has. To begin with there was a dirt slide, roughly, southeast of Pilot Rock in the head of the west fork of what was later called Slide Creek. On the hillside where the slide occurred the dirt was of a reddish color and the slide was called Red Slide by the oldtimers. The creek at the base of the slide was called Slide Creek.
    With the west fork of the creek heading at the Red Slide and the main straightaway fork heading more or less southeast of Pilot Rock, Slide Creek is a rather long but small creek. It empties into Pine Creek on the Horse Shoe Ranch.
    The upper Slide Creek area was until a few years ago a haven for deer during the summers, especially the big bucks. It was an ideal place for them with plenty of rough steep hillsides and a combination of timber and brush. The combination of rough terrain and the absence of roads or trails kept the hunters out of that area except for a few ranch men who could have horses to pack in and out with. In the past few years, however, after the bucks were killed off in the easier to get to places the so called sportsmen with their horses, their scope-sighted rifles, and with dogs too, have invaded the Slide Creek area until the deer there are also becoming scarce. It seems to me that some of the sportsmen want to kill the first deer and the last deer of the season, and yes, even the last deer in the country.

January 21, 1954
THE RED SLIDE
    There is a place on a hillside at the head of the west branch of Slide Creek, about southeast of Pilot Rock and a little north of Anderson's Spring, where there was a slide during one of the wet winters in the early days. The dirt around there is a kind of a reddish color and the oldtimers called it the Red Slide. The place is in California but the state line is not far away.
    Oldtimers have told me that in the early days the Red Slide area was noted for the many cougars there.
    After the market hunters had killed nearly all of the deer the cougars had to kill colts or go hungry. They tried not to go hungry, and any colt could consider itself pretty lucky if it did not get caught by a cougar before it became a grown horse.

January 21, 1954
THE PAPPAS CABIN
    In going up Wildcat Gulch there is on the left side a little flat, or bench, that used to be called Oak Flat. There used to be quite a number of oak trees growing on the flat and probably there is now. It was called Oak Flat because of the oak trees until, in about 1916, a man named Pappas located a homestead there and built a little cabin. He lived there until he was called into the armed forces for World War One. While in the Bay Area in California he was struck by an automobile and his injuries were fatal.
    Since Pappas homesteaded the place it has been called the Pappas Cabin despite the fact that the cabin burned during a grass and brush fire many years ago.
    In the early days the area was good bear country whenever the oak trees had acorns.
    Just a short distance from Oak Flat, now the Pappas Cabin, Reelfoot, the grizzly was killed in 1890.

January 21, 1954
BUCK RUN
    In the early days there was a wagon road from Spaulding's Camp up the ridge and around on the south slope of the hillside facing Wildcat Gulch and over through a little divide to Anderson's Spring which is south of the Red Slide. The road was built for the hauling of building timber and fence posts to the ranches in the early days.
    The hillside south of Anderson's Spring and facing Wildcat Gulch is called Buck Run. How or when it was named I do not know.
    There are a couple of pretty good springs on the hillside along the old wagon road.
    A few years back there used to be a lot of horses running wild around the Buck Run area.
    Not very far south of Buck Run is where Reelfoot was killed, April 10, 1890, following the deep snow and hard winter of 1889 and 1890.

January 22, 1954
SLIDE RIDGE
    Between Pine Creek to the east and Slide Creek to the west is a long ridge called Slide Ridge. Its south end tapers down to Spaulding's Camp. The east side is brushy for its entire length, although the west side is generally open except for the upper part that is on the Oregon side of the border. Both sides are steep. The top is broken up into gaps and knolls.
    The Red Slide, Slide Creek, and Slide Ridge are all part of a family as far as names are concerned. They are all in the same general area. The Red Slide was the first to be named.
    In earlier days Slide Ridge was great bunchgrass range and was a real heaven for the horses. Over twenty years ago I did a lot of horse wrangling in that area and there were plenty of wild horses there. Nearly two years ago I was on Slide Ridge and I could still see the old horse trails, although they are fast fading away.

January 22, 1954
THE DE SOUZA RANCH
    In about 1865, or before, Charles T. Hammond acquired a patch of land along Camp Creek and extending back from the mouth of the Creek which later became known as the Camp Creek Ranch. I do not know how he came into possession of the land, probably by homesteading or by preemption. I believe that Hammond was the first owner and he maintained the place as a cow camp. From about 1866 to 1875 William A. Wright, who was Hammond's brother-in-law, lived on the place and looked after the range cattle and horses. Hammond's home ranch and headquarters were at Fort Jones, California. The only building at the cow camp on Camp Creek was a little cabin about half a mile or so up Camp Creek from the mouth of the creek and where the round corral now is.
    In about 1875 Hammond sold the Camp Creek Ranch to David M. Horn, Sr., who had a ranch and his headquarters at the mouth of Cottonwood Creek south of the present town of Hornbrook.
    Horn had a lot of cattle and he used the Camp Creek Ranch as a cow camp also but he did make some improvements such as building some good corrals and a hay barn. Horn owned the ranch for several years or until about 1898 when he sold the ranch to W. A. "Dell" Moore.
    Moore was a cattleman and lived on the ranch with his family. When Moore bought the ranch one of the first things that he did was to donate a patch of land at the mouth of Camp Creek for a school site. The school became the Lowood school and served the youngsters of the area for many years.
    The ranch was still being called the Camp Creek Ranch when Moore sold the property to Manuel De Souza Sr. in about 1907. De Souza and family lived there and maintained the ranch with a dairy herd for a while and then went into the cattle raising business. De Souza made a lot of improvements such as rebuilding fences and building new ones, improving and clearing more land on which to raise hay, and the building of two new barns after the old barn burned. He rebuilt the house and corrals, made improvements to the other buildings, and built a new road from the house to the county road on the west side of Camp Creek. The old road went along the east side of Camp Creek. The largest job of all that De Souza did was to dig a ditch, in partnership with Sam Thompson and Thomas J. Grieve. They also owned land in the area. The ditch was from Jenny Creek and afforded more water for the ranch than could be obtained from Camp Creek. The ditch was dug in 1922.
    By the time that De Souza sold the ranch to the California and Oregon Power Company, in about 1932, he had made the necessary improvements on the ranch to feed three hundred head of cattle and to maintain the number of horses needed to operate the ranch.
    Since De Souza sold the ranch several different people have had it leased from time to time. Those leasing the ranch include A. B. Madero, Lyle Roberts, C. F. Moore, Percy F. Scholenburger and Dr. Charles A. Haines.
    The ranch has been known as the De Souza Ranch since 1907 and is still called by that name despite the fact that De Souza and family moved away in about 1932.
    The ranch has gone downhill and is on the way to wrack and ruin since De Souza sold it. It is no better now than when De Souza bought it in about 1907.
    I must mention that when William A. Wright was staying there an incident occurred that is worthy of note. One day when Wright and his companion was away from their little board shack a grizzly bear came along and wrecked one side of the shack to get at some bacon and other things that bears like to eat.

January 23, 1954
THE MADERO RANCH
    It was around 1891 when a man with the name of Rufley homesteaded on Camp Creek at the place now known as the Madero Ranch. Rufley lived there four or five years and then sold his improvements on the land to my father, Thomas J. Wright. Father then located his homestead on the one hundred and sixty acres that had previously been homesteaded by Rufley.
    During the next several years, Father dug some ditches, cleared land, built a big log barn, built fences, piped spring water to the house, and made other improvements.
    The ranch buildings were located on the east side of Camp Creek about half a mile or less upstream from where Pine Creek empties into Camp Creek.
    In about 1915 Father bought the Miller Ranch from William A. Wright. The Miller Ranch joins the Madero Ranch on the north boundary of the Madero Ranch.
    When Father passed away in 1921 the ranch was up in fine shape and supported a herd of one hundred cattle plus saddle and draft horses.
    In about 1925 the ranch was sold to Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Madero and for the next few years the Maderos bought and added more land until the ranch included about three thousand acres. However while the Maderos were still alive they sold off most of the land they had acquired until the ranch was about the same size as it was when they bought it.
    Mrs. Madero passed away in about 1945 and Mr. Madero passed away about five years later. His sister, Mrs. Loupie [Lupe?] Diggs, was heir to the property and when Mrs. Diggs passed away her two daughters were heirs to the property. The two ladies are the present owners of the ranch but have never lived there. The ranch has been vacant most of the time since Mr. Madero passed away.
    The ranch is still known as the Madero Ranch.
    I spent my boyhood days there when I was going to the little school at the mouth of Camp Creek. Now when I go by or view the ranch from afar I always think of my boyhood days of long ago. I think of my father and mother, my sisters and brothers, and when I trapped for skunks and bobcats to buy my first little rifle. I think, too, of the cattle and horses Father had on the ranch, of my first roundup on the range, of rounding up the beef cattle and branding the calves, and of my first few tries at bronco busting.

January 24, 1954
The MILLER RANCH
    George Miller located a homestead, about 1904, between the two ranches on Camp Creek now known as the Madero Ranch and the Brody Ranch. Miller and his family began at once to make their homestead into a good home.
    Miller, like many other homesteaders in those days, worked hard to make a home and improve their homesteads. When he sold out to William A. Wright, I believe in 1912, he had one of the best little ranches anywhere around.
    Wright made his home there for about three years and in 1915 he sold to my father, Thomas J. Wright.
    Father included the Miller Ranch with his own ranch. The Miller Ranch was just to the north of Father's ranch.
    All down through the years the ranch has been known as the Miller Ranch.
    I used to like the little ranch very much and at one time, before the first world war, I was thinking of buying it from my father. The ranch is now in poor shape, the barn is badly wrecked, the fences are all in need of work, and the house has been gone for thirty years or more.

January 25, 1954
THE McNEW RANCH
    I believe that it was around 1875 when Elie Clawson, a mountain man, stretched a bull hide up in a cluster of oak trees to form a lean-to where Salt Creek empties into Camp Creek.
    The place was called the Bull Hide Camp until 1879 when William A. Wright located his homestead there.
    Wright built his cabin a short distance upstream from the Bull Hide Camp and on the west side of Camp Creek at a place where his brother, John H. Wright, had camped for a time with the intentions of taking out a homestead.
    William A. Wright began at once to build his homestead into a cattle ranch. Prom 1879 to 1913 he accomplished many things that most men would think could not be done. He was married in about 1885 and reared a family of six children. He fenced his one-hundred-and-sixty-acre homestead, he  leased an adjoining section of land and built a fence around it, he bought and fenced a school section of land in Skookum Gulch, he located a timber claim of one hundred and forty acres cornering on the school section and built a fence around it also. He built three barns and other buildings, built corrals, dug three ditches to take water from Camp  Creek, cleared enough land to raise alfalfa hay for three hundred head of cattle, and built the necessary roads and trails that were required. In those days everything was done the hard way.
    In 1890 Wright and Purl Bean hunted down and killed the cattle-killing grizzly known as Reelfoot. The bear had for many years raided the cattle herds and the cattlemen banded together and offered a reward of twenty-seven hundred dollars to anyone killing the bear. In those days that was a big sum of money.
    After Wright and Bean killed the bear they had him mounted and traveled around in Southern Oregon and Northern California with the bear. They charged ten cents per person for people to see the bear. After a year or two of traveling they sold the bear for five hundred dollars.
    During the late eighteen nineties Wright went to Alaska with several others to look for gold and he was gone about twenty months. The party experienced great hardships in the Yukon country, where they were snowed in. Because of the scarcity of proper food a number of the party became sick and died.
    Wright sold the ranch and cattle, in about 1913, to Walker and Marsac. They operated a much larger ranch near Fort Jones, Calif. After a couple of years Charles W. Marsac bought James A. Walker's interest in the Wright Ranch. Walker bought Marsac's interest in the ranch near Fort Jones.
    While Marsac had the ranch he bought the section of land that Wright had leased and fenced several years before. Marsac replaced the old house with a larger and more modern house in the same location. In about 1918 the Marsac family moved to Yreka to live.
    For several years the ranch was owned by the Montague Banking Company and during part of that time Clifton H. Walker had a lease on the ranch. Walker was in the cattle business with his headquarters at Edgewood, California. He leased the ranch until about 1925.
    For the next three or four years the ranch was the home and camping place for horse wranglers, trappers, and moonshiners. During this time it was a tough joint sometimes and none too tame at any time.
    I believe that around 1928 or a little later the Montague Banking Company sold the ranch to the Crabtree brothers.
    A few years later or around in the mid-thirties or later A. B. Madero bought the ranch from a bank in Yreka. In about 1946 Madero sold to Louis Louchetti and Son.
    Louchetti had the ranch for about two years and sold in about 1948 to Mr. and Mrs. McNew.
    In about 1950 Lewis Brody and Mrs. Brody bought the ranch and own it at this writing.
    All down through the years from 1875 or before the ranch has gone by many different names. The names have been: The Bull Hide Camp, the Wright Ranch, the Marsac Ranch, the Crabtree Ranch, the Louchetti Ranch, and the McNew Ranch. The last names, however, will probably give way to another name when people start calling it the Brody Ranch.

January 26, 1954
FRED'S MINE
    It was over twenty years age when a man with the name of Fred Shinrock came into the area around Camp Creek with his camp outfit on a little sled which he pulled by himself. He had been through the country before when he worked on the power line in 1927. He had found at that time some rocks that he thought might lead him to some gold.
    Shinrock looked around and decided to dig a tunnel in a little hillside west of the Brody Ranch. With his pick and shovel and a little powder he dug and wheeled the dirt out of the tunnel with a wheelbarrow until he had a pile of dirt that could be seen for a long distance from the surrounding hills. He was not successful in his search for gold. although he said that there was a very small trace of gold and zinc there.
    Ever since Shinrock dug the tunnel the place has been called Fred's Mine.
    After Shinrock gave up on the tunnel he moved into the Skookum Gulch area and dug a hole in the hillside at the head of one of the west branches of Long Gulch near the head of Salt Creek. That place is called Shinrock's Mine.

January 26, 1954
THE BALD MOUNTAIN ROAD
    Up until 1911 the old wagon road, which years ago was known as the Skookum Gulch Road, left Camp Creek at the Madero Ranch and went north and a little east up the hills to Cold Spring Flat and straight across the Flat to the Cold Spring Ranch. From the ranch the road went up by Cook's Camp and on to what is now called White's Camp, which was at that time the end of the road.
    In 1911 when the California and Oregon Power Company built their power line number three over the mountain they extended the road on up Skookum Gulch to the head of the gulch and to a place now known as Cabin Sixty-Nine.
    In 1927 the power company built their power line number nineteen and at that time they changed the road on Cold Springs Flat and bypassed the Cold Spring Ranch by about one-half mile by going to the west of the ranch. At the same time the company continued the road from Cabin Sixty-Nine on over the mountain to Highway 66 at Greensprings Summit.
    The road has been called the Bald Mountain Road which I think is the proper name for it. However, the maps in recent years have had Bald Mountain marked as Soda Mountain so the road is being called the Soda Mountain Road a great deal nowadays.
    Most of the new road built in 1927 follows closely to the old horse trail that was known for many years as the Bald Mountain Trail.

January 26, 1954
CAMP CREEK
    Away back in the black powder, muzzle-loading days, or as some say the good old days, then there was plenty of room and pure fresh air a little band of Indians along the Klamath River near what is now called Copco were giving the palefaces a little trouble That is what they say but probably it was the other way around and the palefaces were giving the Indians trouble. In any event I would bet that the palefaces were to blame. Uncle Sam's soldier boys were traveling up the Klamath from their headquarters at Fort Jones to battle with the Indians who were hiding under some rimrock. It was in the mid-eighteen fifties when they camped at the mouth of the creek now known as Camp Creek.
    The creek that was named by the soldiers is usually almost dry in the late summer months. The snowfall is quite heavy most of the time in the Bald Mountain area where the creek heads. The creek is able to furnish the three ranches that are along the stream with water for irrigation purposes during the spring and early summer months.
    The steelhead fish used to run up Camp Creek during the winters to the falls at the Big Rock. Some of them would go over the falls and as up as far as where the left and right forks come together and even farther. When I was a boy there were mountain trout in the creek, and fishing for them during the spring months was always good even as far up as in the left fork.
    Sometimes my twisted old memory strays away back to my boyhood days along Camp Creek. My father and mother and my brothers and sisters come to me in my memories to be just as they were in the old days at the ranch. I think of my schoolmates and of the neighboring people. I should not have had any worries in those days since I was getting my food and clothes free but I did have my problem just the same. One of my biggest problems was figuring how many days I could stay out of school by playing hooky or by acting sick. Finally the long-awaited day arrived when I was old enough to leave home and make my own living and paddle my own canoe. I was fourteen years old when the day arrived and I saddled up my horse and bid farewell to Lowood school, my school mates and yes, the teacher too. It was a happy day.
    Some of the days that followed were hard ones, indeed, for the life of a rider of the range in those days was not so very easy, but I was young and was having more fun on the range than I ever had at the school house. I was having a lot of experiences they never told me about in the books.

January 27, 1954
THE RIGHT FORK OF CAMP CREEK
    The three main forks of Camp Creek come together about one quarter of a mile west of the Cove.
    The right fork runs by the Saw Tree, Rufley's Camp, Pistol Take-Off and heads in Elie's Glade and the Devil's Back Bone. Most of the right fork has a little water the year around.
    About 1902 when William A. Wright was on his ranch at Camp Creek he built, or rebuilt, a road up Camp Creek from his ranch buildings to Spaulding's Shake Camp in the right fork for the purpose of hauling shakes out to cover his buildings. He probably rebuilt a road that he had built some ten years earlier, because a man named Rufley made a lot of pickets at what is now called Rufley's Camp and sold them to Wright, so he must have had a road at that time to haul them over. Probably after rebuilding the old road he extended it on a quarter of a mile to Spaulding's Shake Camp.
    In about 1920 the cattlemen built a log corral at Rufley's Camp. Parts of it can still be seen.

January 27, 1954
THE MIDDLE FORK OF CAMP CREEK
    The middle fork of Camp Creek is a pretty brushy place. Most of it is, anyway.
    This branch of the creek heads up against the south slope of Bald Mountain which is called Soda Mountain on some of the maps. There is some timber on the upper parts of the stream.
    There are several little gulches that branch off of the middle fork and they are all brushy also.
    The area a few years ago was great deer country during the summer and fall seasons.
    I did a lot of riding for cattle in that area during the mid-twenties and it was brushy then, and no doubt it is a lot worse now.

January 27, 1954
THE LEFT FORK OF CAMP CREEK
    I have always been a little like Daniel Boone, or maybe it is the Indian part of me, and have liked to wander around in the little-known places to explore and see nature as it is when it has not been tampered with by mankind. I cannot think of a better place anywhere in this area to see nature as it used to be than the left fork of Camp Creek.
    It is a dark and shady canyon-like place with several gulches branching off on both sides. There are lots of brush and timber and rocky points. Lone Pine Ridge to the west is also very brushy. The left fork has a little stream of water the year around and there are a few small mountain trout there.
    I have for several years wanted to go into that area and look for gold, and maybe someday I will. It is too rough and brushy for a horse to get along in very well. The last time that I was in the left fork was in 1940 when Gifford Lee and I went up the full length of the fork. We each had a saddle horse and a pack horse and we had to cut a lot of brush in order to get through.
    The upper part is rocky with many bluffs. Just past the bluffs there is a place called the Bark Camp where a man built a quite comfortable little hut when he was staying away from the law men in 1923.
    The head of the fork is west of Bald Mountain and around Timber Spring. Years ago the area produced lots of grass which made it a good range for cattle, but it is not nearly as good now as it used to be.
    Whenever I am out on the hilltops I sit down and take a long distance look at the left fork of Camp Creek and dream of a prospecting trip into some of the roughest country around in this region. In days gone by I could always find a grassy spot to stake out my horse for a night. Now the grass is about gone and is becoming, like many other things, just a memory.
    I often wonder when the white man will go there with his saw and ax and spoil the beauties of nature. Probably that time is not very far off.

January 29, 1954
LONE PINE RIDGE
    When the first stockmen began riding through the range they found a big pine tree standing all alone on top of a big long ridge between Camp Creek on the east and Pine Creek on the west.
    There were no other trees within several hundred yards of the big pine and it was probably the lone survivor of other trees of its kind. The old pine had probably gone through many forest fires and it was stripped of its branches for half its length.
    Naturally the early riders began to call the tree Lone Pine and the ridge upon which it stood was called Lone Pine Ridge.
    Lone Pine Ridge begins at the Big Rock and runs north and west to the top of the mountain west of Timber Mountain. It is a few miles long with bluffs, timber and brush. It is broken up with little divides, branch ridges, and ravines. The side facing Pine Creek is fairly open but steep.
    The area in the early days was a fine winter and spring range for cattle and horses because there was always a good supply of bunchgrass growing on the hillsides. Roaming bands of horses depleted the bunchgrass, but most of them have been rounded up so maybe the good old bunchgrass will get a second chance.
    Lone Pine Ridge was in the early days the home of many cougars, and after the market hunters killed nearly all the deer the cougars began to kill colts. It became nearly impossible for the colts to survive from the cougars because there were not any stallions to protect the horses. The stock men organized and hunted the cougars and quite a number of them were killed.
    Lone Pine Ridge was, up until a few years ago, one of the best deer areas around but in the late years the sportsmen with their dogs and modern rifles have decreased the deer there.
    Many years ago the wind caused the big Lone Pine to fall to the ground and it is slowly turning to dust. I have heard it said that all things will come to an end, and I have heard at funerals that man is made of dust and will return to dust and probably the same holds true for trees also. Lone Pine is gone as a living thing but its name lives on and on. Maybe this, too, shall pass and the name Lone Pine be forgotten, but if it does happen it will be long after the old tree has turned to dust.
    When I think of Lone Pine I am reminded of a song that I used to hear long ago, "On the Trail of the Lonesome Pine."

January 30, 1954
THE SPIDER CAMP
    Almost in the head of the east fork of Pine Creek there is a log cabin that has the bare ground for the floor. It is about west of Seven Point.
    The cabin is located near a little spring. It is a shady out-of-the-way place and is hard to find unless one knows where to look. The cabin looks like it is about forty or fifty years old.
    I have been told that it was built as a hunting camp. How or why it was named the Spider Camp I do not know.

January 31, 1954
SEVEN POINT
    On the west side of the upper part of Lone Pine Ridge there are seven rocky points. These points have been called Seven Point since the earliest days. It is an out-of-the-way place and very hard to get to because of the rough and brushy terrain.
    The Seven Point area was once the feeding grounds for deer, bears and cougars.
    After the market hunters had killed nearly all of the deer the cougars began to feed on the colts. The mares and colts did not have the protection that nature has provided for them because the horse raisers did not have any stallions on the range with them.
    The stallion is a vicious fighter when any animal approaches or attacks his herd. He is always on the lookout for an attack and ready to foil any attempts that could be made by animals to harm the horses under his protection. He will charge and go to battle with any animal that comes near, thus giving the mares and colts time to escape. Later the stallion will follow and rejoin his herd.
    After the cougars became a threat to the horse population the stockmen and hunters killed off most of them and it became possible to again raise colts on the open range.
    Now, in this modern age, the cougars are all but gone and so are the bears. The buck deer are fast becoming scarce even in a remote area like Seven Point.
    I have been wondering when the loggers will build roads into the Seven Point area and probably it will not be very long before they do. I hope that the time never comes when they do because I like that part of the country the way it is. I like the wildlife, what is left of it, whether it be a porcupine, deer, coyote, or cougar, and I like the timber and brush that grows there untouched by the hand of man.

January 31, 1954
THE BARK CAMP
    It was during the fall of 1923 that a group of cattlemen who were rounding up their beef cattle came upon a wickiup made of cedar bark in the upper part of the left fork of Camp Creek. As they approached the camp a man and a little dog ran away from the place and into the brush.
    The cattlemen were pretty much alarmed because bandits who had held up a Southern Pacific train on the Siskiyou Mountain, killing four of the train crew, were still at large. It was thought that the bandits might be hiding out somewhere in a remote part of the country.
    A day or two later I met with the Siskiyou County Sheriff, A. S. Calkins, and a Deputy Sheriff of Jackson County to plan a trip to the place where the cattlemen had seen the man run into the brush. At the time I was rounding up cattle on what is now known as the Brody Ranch and which is at the end of the road. We left there on horseback for a trip into some of the toughest part of the Camp Creek area.
    Those making the trip, besides the Jackson County officer, were Manuel De Souza, Sr., Dave Myers, and myself. As the place that we were going to was in Oregon, Sheriff Calkins did not go with us.
    As we approached the camp De Souza and Myers rode on up the creek and away from the camp. The officer and I tied our horses and looked the camp over and found to our satisfaction that there was only one man staying at the place. He had again run away with his dog when we approached.
    We were sure after looking around that the man did not have any connection with the train holdup, but we did find that he was hiding from the law on a minor offense.
    Officers from Jackson County came in later and found that the man had moved on. I do not believe they ever caught him and I guess that they never looked very hard for him.
    Since that time in 1923 the place has been called the Bark Camp.

February 1, 1954
JACK'S GULCH
    Back in the early nineteen twenties a man everyone called Jack had very good luck when he would go hunting deer in a little gulch which is a small east branch of the middle fork of Camp Creek.
    The area is about all brush with a few rocky points protruding above the brush. Jack and his companions would sit on one of the rocky points with their rifles on the ready while their dogs would run around in the brush and jump the deer out. With this method of hunting in an out-of-the-way place they would see many very large bucks fall before their rifles. Since that time the little gulch has been called Jack's Gulch.
    Some people still hunt with dogs despite the law against it. I, for one, think that it is not fair and an unsportsmanlike way of hunting to use dogs for deer or for any other big game animal. I have reasons to believe that the practice of hunting with dogs in the Camp Creek and Pine Creek areas has contributed in no small way to the scarcity of buck deer population in those places.

February 1, 1954
RUFLEY'S CAMP
    I believe that it was in the early eighteen nineties when a man named Rufley camped in the right-hand fork of Camp Creek.
    There is a gulch or swale that comes into the main fork that is called Rufley's Hollow, and the old camp site there is known as Rufley's Camp.
    In about 1921 the cattlemen built a log corral there but the place is still known as Rufley's Camp.
    Rufley made pickets there that he sold to William A. Wright.
    There are still some pretty big rattlesnakes in that area. They are the dark kind and are usually on the fight. People who are afraid of rattlesnakes would do well to stay away from that area. Back in the nineteen twenties I accounted for a few big ones with my old peacemaker. One of my reasons was to reduce the rattlesnake population and, too, I just like the smell of that black powder smoke.

February 2, 1954
RUFLEY'S HOLLOW
    Rufley made his camp by the main right fork of Camp Creek where a little gulch or ravine comes in on the west. It is a timbered place with brush and the creek has a little water all summer long as a rule. Ever since he camped there the little gulch has been called Rufley's Hollow.
    Some of the fir stumps are still standing that Rufley cut in making pickets. The stumps are six or more feet high and were cut that way because the lower parts of the trees next to the ground did not split into pickets as well as the other portions of the trees did.
    The cattlemen did not use the corral very much that they built in the early twenties. It has been down a long time. The corral was one of several big ideas that the 1920 cattlemen had that did not work out very well. The 1954 cattlemen have different ideas than the cattlemen of thirty years ago had, but the modern ones still have their tops full of funny plans for raising cattle.

February 3, 1954
TIMBER MOUNTAIN
    A mountain, or a large knoll, with lots of timber on it is at the head of the west branch of the left fork of Camp Creek. I guess that the timber is still there although I have heard that the timber is going to be logged off in that area. It will be a sad-looking place when they do. The logging roads will open up for the hunters some of the only wilderness left in these mountains for deer and other wildlife. It probably will not be long until all of the Camp Creek and Pine Creek country is opened up to the loggers and the hunters.
    There is a nice cold spring on the southeast foot of Timber Mountain. It is called Timber Spring by people in this area and Cold Spring by the people living on the north side of the mountain. At the spring is an old log cabin, probably a timber claim cabin that was built in the early days. Sheep men with their herd of sheep camped there thirty or forty years ago.
    The sheep killed about all of the good grass that used to grow around that part of Timber Mountain. That area was overgrazed year after year by both sheep and cattle and it became more dust than anything else. After the grass was gone weeds had a chance to get a foothold and now the weeds have taken the place of the grass that used to grow so abundantly.

February 4, 1954
TIMBER SPRING
    Hunters often camp during the deer seasons at Timber Spring, or Cold Spring as it is called by some living on the north side of Timber Mountain.
    It was in 1925 when I camped there a few days with C. Fred Moore, Wally Dinkins, and Henry H. Ward. We were patrolling the north side of the big fire of that year.
    During the dry summer the fire started about the 30th of May in the Dry Creek area and was brought under control about the 6th of June. It was a big fire and burned many thousands of acres of grassland, some timber, cattle, and horses as well as the wildlife in its path.
    I heard that a moonshine still exploded and started the fire. Funny things do happen, even in the mountains, but regardless of how it started it did a lot of damage and many cattle and even some horses starved to death after the fire because of the lack of feed.

February 4, 1954
SPAULDING'S SHAKE CAMP
    About fifty years or more age, Bill Spaulding and Pedro Smith made some snakes for William A. Wright in the upper part of the right fork of Camp Creek, just over the divide from the head of Skookum Gulch. This place has been called Spaulding's Shake Camp all down through the years.
    It is a nice place to camp with a little spring nearby. It is about a quarter of a mile from the Bald Mountain Road and is seldom used.
    A camp there, even in these days, would be pretty well away from civilization and man with his foolish ways. One could enjoy nature in a place like that.
    I like those kind of places where I can lie in my bunk and dream of the days gone by and listen to the breezes making music in the treetops. The sounds of the forest brings peace to the soul, and I like to hear the owls calling to one another, the barking of a coyote on some far-off lonely hill, the scream of a cougar along with the noisy tail of a rattlesnake singing its war song.
    I wouldn't trade a place like that for any of the things that can be found in the cities with all their bright lights and glare.

February 4, 1954
LITTLE PILOT ROCK
    About one mile or less west of Bald Mountain there is a little rocky point that is called Little Pilot Rock. This is a little confusing because there is a place on the California side of the border that is also called Little Pilot Rock. The one on the California side is located between the head of Dry Creek and the mid-part of Hutton Creek.

February 6, 1954
BALD MOUNTAIN
    Looking northwest from my ranch here on Cold Spring Flat I can see a high round knoll or mountain. It is about five miles or a little more from here. There is not very much timber on it and it is quite brushy. It is about the highest mountain for a few miles in any direction. There has been a fire lookout station there for fifteen years or more.
    The mountain has been called Bald Mountain since the earliest settlers came to this region but for some reason the mountain has been listed, in the past few years, as Soda Mountain on the maps. But maps or no, it is Bald Mountain to me and that is what I am going to call it.
    Camp Creek heads in and around the south slope of Bald Mountain and the west branch of Mill Creek heads on the east side of the mountain.
    Years ago there was a sheep camp during the summer months on the west side of Bald Mountain. There is a log cabin there and a couple of older log buildings, one a barn and the other a little cabin with a dirt floor. This little cabin was probably the first cabin that was built when the place was homesteaded.
    There is a nice spring as cold as ice by the buildings. The funny thing about the spring is that it dries up during the fall and comes back in the late spring. There are also other springs and mud holes near by.
    The Bald Mountain area was a wonderful place for grass, but the sheepmen would herd their sheep there year after year until the grass was killed out. Weeds of different kinds have taken the place of the grass.
    About 1923, after the sheep had ruined the range, the cattlemen banded together and bought the sheep camp and the land, probably about one hundred and sixty acres. They also leased more land around there in order to keep the sheep men away.
    In about 1928 the cattlemen built a fence around eighty acres, or about that many acres, of the land they had bought and built some corrals to be used as a cattle roundup camp. The heavy snowfall wrecked the fence each winter but they repaired them every year for about ten years or so. In 1939 they abandoned the fences and stopped using the place as a roundup camp. While the fence was maintained the grass inside was good, since it was not pastured much.
    I think that the cattlemen sold the timber that was on the property. I do not believe that it has been logged off yet.
    Years ago someone dug a tunnel on the northwest side of Bald Mountain, probably in search of gold.

February 6, 1954
ELIE'S GLADE
    Elie's Glade is the watershed of the extreme east prong of the right fork of Camp Creek. Mill Creek heads at the north end of Elie's Glade. The Bald Mountain road, built in 1927, goes through that area.
    The early-day settlers told me that David M. Horn, an early-day rancher who had his place at the mouth of Cottonwood Creek near the present town of Hornbrook, had Elie Clawson scout around the mountains for him and put out salt for his cattle.
    The place now known Elie's Glade was one of Clawson's camping places. When I first started to ride the range there were parts of the old salt logs there, and nearby was Clawson's old tumbled-down cabin that [he] had built in the edge of the timber from poles.
    Clawson, I understand, put in most of his time in the mountains and there are other places named after him.
    Clawson has been gone for many years but his name lives on and Elie's Glade is one of the most mentioned place names around in this region.

February 6, 1954
THE DEVIL'S BACKBONE
    There is a rocky ridge pointing east and west that runs from the head of Elie's Glade to Bald Mountain. It is timbered except for the top which is rocky. The top has a series of rocky bluffs that run to a sharp edge and it does look like a backbone.
    I guess that few people know that there is a rocky ridge there because it is pretty high and with the exception of a few deer hunters not many people go there. It cannot be seen from many places due to the heavy timber on the ridge.
    It may be that not many persons know about the rocky ridge and that in the early days it was called the Devil's Backbone.

February 6, 1954
SALT CREEK
    Salt Creek empties into Camp Creek on the Brody Ranch a short distance downstream on Camp Creek from the Brody Ranch buildings. This is where Elie Clawson had his bull hide stretched up to make a lean-to. It was about 1875 that Clawson camped there.
    Salt Creek heads over on the Oregon side of the state border and almost due north from its outlet at Camp Creek.
    It is a funny thing about Salt Creek because it did not have a name until about 1915 when Charles W. Marsac commenced salting his cattle that were ranging in the Salt Creek area. This was the first large amount of salting done in this region and soon people began to call the little stream Salt Creek.
    When William A. Wright was riding for Charles Hammond, from about 1866 to 1875, he built a log corral along the stream now known as Salt Creek to corral some cattle that had gone wild. That place in the creek and the immediate area around there was called the Cattle Corral and that probably accounts for the fact that the creek was never given a name until in later years. Some of the butts of the logs used for the corral are still visible there at the present time.
    There used to be a much-traveled trail from the Brody Ranch to the Skookum Pasture. The trail used to be called the Skookum Trail but the name is seldom heard spoken in late years.
    William A. Wright once showed me a place along Salt Creek where he caught a cattle-killing grizzly bear in a trap. He did not see the bear until he was within a few feet of it. The bear had dug out a bed for himself in an old rat's nest and was lying quietly there when Wright approached. Wright could see at once the danger that he was in and lost no time in firing a shot into the bear's head with his 56-46 Spencer rifle.

February 6, 1954
SALT CREEK RIDGE
    Salt Creek Ridge did not have any name until about ten years ago. It is a long ridge between Camp Creek and Salt Creek. Considering its size and location I thought that it should have a name, and I gave it the name of Salt Creek Ridge.
    It used to be a good place for deer, and many big bucks have been taken there in past years. The upper part of the ridge was a good horse range, but since the fine bunchgrass has been killed out on the knolls and ridges the range horses are about a thing of the past.
    It was probably about 1906 when George Miller was hunting for deer in the area around the middle fork of Camp Creek and saw the tracks of a cougar. He reported seeing the tracks to William A. Wright. Wright and his son Roland went after the cougar. The shepherd dog put the cougar up a tree on the east side of Salt Creek Ridge not far from the Cattle Corral, and that was the end of the cougar.

February 7, 1954
THE COVE
    A little gulch branches off of Camp Creek on the east side, about one mile up from the Big Rock. The gulch spreads out in a hilly cove-like place with some little ridges and knolls, facing toward the south. The snow goes off there early, so the grass comes early, which makes it a fine winter and spring range for horses. A little of trickle of mineral water seeps out of the bedrock in the gulch. Lots of deer drink from the spring during late winter and spring. The Cove was named by my uncle Wm. A. Wright in early days. The Cove is a rather attractive place to my thinking during winter and spring.
    During the spring of 1919, three of my little mares spent the springtime on the bunchgrass slopes of the Cove. One day during the first few days of April of 1919, I found my little buckskin mare there with a spry little bay colt at her side. I named him Cove, and in later years he became my saddle horse and companion, and was at that time well known in this area.

February 8, 1954
ROCKY GULCH
    It's pretty rocky where the road up Camp Creek crosses Rocky Gulch at its mouth on the Miller Ranch, and that's why Wm. A. Wright called the little stream Rocky Gulch after he built the road to his homestead in 1879.
    It's a good little stream for steelhead fish in the winter when there is enough water.
    It drains all of the Basin area which is pretty much on the south slope. The east branch is called the Picket Tree Gulch, which drains the Picket Tree area west of Cold Spring Flat.
    Since Rocky Gulch got its name in 1879 or later, both the Madero Ranch and the Miller Ranch has come into being. The lower part or about a quarter of a mile of Rocky Gulch is on the Miller Ranch and under a fence, and over a mile on up is on the Brody Ranch and also fenced in, the north side of the fence being along the state line. The upper half of Rocky Gulch is on the Oregon side of the border and is open rangeland.
    In about 1925 there was a small moonshine still operating part time during that winter along the lower part of Rocky Gulch. Moonshine stills were quite common at that time in the out-of-sight places.

February 8, 1954
THE BASIN
    The Basin is along the California-Oregon state line on the Oregon side. The south slope of the hillside is broken up with little swales and ridges or knolls, with some brush and oak trees. A fine cattle and horse range in the spring, and in earlier years, and even now, horses winter there on those south slopes.
    The Basin is an area of about one mile each way, the state line fence is on the south, Salt Creek on the west, the Picket Tree area on the east and the top of the ridge on the north.
    I now understand that the cattlemen on both sides of the state line are going to try settling some of their differences by building a partition fence for one and a half miles beginning at the state line and going northward up over the hill toward Bear Gap. The cattlemen together with the United States Bureau of Land Management has already made the right of way. The fence would be about a dividing line between the Basin area and the Picket Tree area.
    In early days Wm. A. Wright built a wagon road through the Basin to haul timber material over to his ranch on Camp Creek. Only parts of the road is now visible.

February 9, 1954
THE PICKET TREE
    Near the head of Picket Tree Gulch, a little west of Cold Spring Flat, my father, Thos. J. Wright, made some pickets in early days. It must have been when Father was young, probably during the late 1870s when he was still home with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. R. Wright, when they owned what is now the Paine Ranch along the Klamath River. In any event the Picket Tree is quite a popular name among the cattlemen to describe the area between Cold Spring Flat and the Basin. There is a little water seeps out of the bedrock in Picket Tree Gulch.
    In about 1925, I located a homestead of one hundred and sixty acres taking in the Picket Tree area in Section Twelve. After a few months I gave it up and located a homestead at Cold Spring in which I still own.
    About fourteen years ago, Hardman Frain found a rattlesnake's den there, while hunting for deer. Since then, most every spring and fall, I go there to kill them. I have killed a lot of them there, and I believe I have about all of them killed.

February 9, 1954
MICKEY FLAT
    When I was a little boy there was a man by the name of Wanaka and his family who lived along the Klamath River, between the mouth of Camp Creek and the mouth of Jenny Creek. I believe he took the place as a homestead, probably around 1895 or later, and lived there a few years and left. There were, I believe, five children in the family. About twenty-five years ago I renewed my acquaintance with one of the boys, Walter Wanaka, who has for thirty or more years been postmaster at Grenada, California.
    After Wanaka left the place, probably about 1903, several years went by without anyone living on the place; however, in, I believe 1904, Mr. and Mrs. Madden and a little son stayed there during one summer. They were both school teachers and taken turns about teaching the Lowood school at the mouth of Camp Creek, Mr. Madden being my first teacher.
    Around 1912, Sam Thompson bought the place. He and his brother Jim lived there till about 1924. During this time, Thompson, together with Manuel De Souza, Sr., and Thos. J. Grieve gave Fred J. Quigley a contract to dig the ditch taking water out of Jenny Creek for irrigating purposes. The ditch was finished the same year, 1922.
    I believe in 1924 Thompson sold the place to Milton Helsey, whom they called Mickey. About 1930 Helsey sold the place to the California and Oregon Power Company. A little later the house and barn were taken down and moved away, and so were the fences.
    Since Helsey left the place it's been called Mickey Flat.
    Between about 1926 and 1930 Helsey had the Hornbrook-Copco mail route.

February 9, 1954
WANAKA BUTTE
    The home part of the Madero Ranch is located at the foot of Wanaka Butte on the west side. I guess it could be called either a butte, knoll or hill. In any event, it was named in part after a man named Wanaka, who lived on his little ranch along the Klamath River. Probably during the 1890s and in the early 1900s his pasture fence joined on the rim on the northeast side of Wanaka Butte, in which was a rim all the way around the top. The top is flat and rocky, probably a half acre of it.
    Wanaka Butte was my playground while I was growing up on the Madero Ranch.
    I don't believe I have been on top of Wanaka Butte since I was a boy.
    The east side is steep and rocky, with a few juniper and oak trees. This used to be a good place for bee trees.

February 9, 1954
DUTCH CREEK
    Dutch Creek is an everyday name in this area, and I suppose very few people these days even wonder how the little stream got its name.
    My father told me many times about the little stream which ran through our old home ranch.
    It was in the early days, when a Dutchman lived on what is now Henry C. Withearl's little ranch. While he was there he built a little cabin, and when I was a boy the tumbled-down fireplace was there, and a few boards from his cabin also.
    The Dutchman had been a shoe cobbler by trade. I don't remember his real name. People called him the Dutchman, and so the stream got its name, Dutch Creek.
    The Dutchman no doubt has passed on over the Great Divide many years ago, but the name, Dutchman, in part, still lives on.
    I spent many happy days along Dutch Creek when I was a little sprout and to this day my memories stray back to my boyhood and the happy, carefree days along Dutch Creek, with nothing at all to worry about, especially during the wintertime, when our summertime school was closed. It seems that school was the only worry that I had, and the only happy day I spent at school was the last one.

February 9, 1954
J. F. BEERS' HOMESTEAD
    I believe it was in 1914 when Jay Floyd Beers located his homestead along Dutch Creek joining on what was then my father's ranch, now known as the Madero Ranch.
    Beers lived on his homestead till about the mid-1930s when he sold to A. B. Madero. In about 1945 Madero sold about half of the place to Dr. Chas. A. Haines of Ashland, Oregon and Louis Miller of Hornbrook, California. The remaining half is still part of the Madero Ranch.

February 10, 1954
GRIEVE'S GAP
    There is a divide or gap in the ridge between the mouth of Jenny Creek and Dutch Creek. Wanaka Butte is on the south side of the gap. It's been called Grieve's Gap because the old wagon road in early days went from Grieve's Lower Ranch at the mouth of Jenny Creek over through the gap and on out through the hills by Horse Shoe Bend and Little Good Water to Henley. This was before the county road along the Klamath River was built, thus the road through Grieve's Gap was the only road out for the Grieves and other settlers in that area. This was a very rocky part of the road, and marks of the old road can still be seen where the rocks were piled along the roadbed.
    I often wonder what the younger people today would think if times could be taken back to the time when the Grieve brothers settled on Jenny Creek, and everything as it was then so they could see the old frontiersmen in action. Country people then didn't have telephones or automobiles, or good roads; they got the mail when someone went to town after it by horse or buggy. People lived pretty slow in those days compared to the fast way these days. It was a long hard day to go with team and wagon from the Grieve Lower Ranch to Henley. It's easy now, just step into a modern automobile, there's a heater, radio and a comfortable seat, just relax and slide along and leave the miles behind.

February 12, 1954
DOLLARHIDE'S HOMESTEAD
    It has been about fifty-two years ago since Harry Dollarhide located his homestead along Dutch Creek near Dry Spring. Mr. and Mrs. Dollarhide lived there off and on for a few years. While there they built a pretty good little house of about four rooms. There is not any of the house left anymore, and the well is filled up level with the ground. They also had a little shed or barn in a cluster of small oak trees where they kept their buggy horse and hay.
    From the time the Dollarhide's left their homestead till Henry C. Withearl bought it about five years ago, no one had lived there. When Withearl bought the homestead in about 1949 he built a house which is still there and about fifty yards north of where the Dollarhide house was.
    The first man to live on the place before Dollarhide was an old Dutchman who had a little cabin near the spring, and Dutch Creek nearby got its name because of the Dutchman living there, who they called the Dutchman, probably quite a while before Dollarhide located his homestead there.

February 12, 1954
DRY SPRING
    I don't hear the name Dry Spring very often these days. Sometimes when I mention the name to the young or newcomers in this area, they will ask me where Dry Spring is located, so I tell then that it's the big mud hole along the road about two hundred yards north of H. C. Withearl's little ranch along Dutch Creek.
    The mud hole dries up in the late summer and for that reason it's called Dry Spring.
    In early days and sometimes yet, cattle would get mired in the mud there and if someone didn't come along and pull them out they usually would stay there and die.
    Up till about 1927 the road went through the upper edge of the mud hole, and during the early summer people in automobiles would be sure to get stuck there and when they did they usually were stuck bad and usually had to get someone to pull them out.
    In early days after the market hunters had killed off nearly all of the deers, which left the cougars without their favorite food, the deer, they went to killing colts. It was during this time when my uncle, Wm. A. Wright, found where a cougar had killed a full-grown horse on the open hillside about a quarter of a mile north of Dry Spring. The kill was fresh and a little skift of snow on the ground. Wright followed the cougar tracks down the hill to Dutch Creek where he jumped out of a patch of willow brush. Wright sent his dog after him. After a run of about a quarter of a mile the cougar went up a big pine tree east of where H. C. Withearl now lives, on the hillside east of Dutch Creek, and he shot him down with his six-shooter. For many years afterwards this was called the Cougar Tree.

February 12, 1954
GRIEVE'S LOWER RANCH
    Not many years after the Civil War, the Grieve brothers located homesteads along Jenny Creek. One of them was at the mouth of Jenny Creek which was known as Grieve's Lower Ranch. Others of the Grieve brothers located their homesteads on up about six miles on the Oregon side of the border and was known as Grieve's Upper Ranch. Grieve's Lower Ranch was in the Grieve family till it was sold to the California Oregon Power Co. in about 1930.
    Much of the hard painstaking work the Grieve brothers did on their ranch can still be seen including the fences built of rocks. People lived slow in those days compared to the fast way of living nowadays. The road out was a rough one, and in winter was muddy. In earlier years before the present road along the Klamath River was built the Grieves went out to Henley through Grieve's Gap and out across the rolling hills by Ward's Flat, Horse Shoe Bend, Little Good Water and on to Henley. All the travel of course was done in those days with horses.

February 13, 1954
THE SCHOLENBURGER PASTURE
    Back in about 1919, Manuel De Souza, Jr. located a homestead under the Grazing Homestead Act of that time, containing one section of land in the Dutch Creek area. He built a cabin on the west side of the section along Dutch Creek, and lived there with his wife for a few months and gave it up.
    Later on, about 1922, John C. Burch homesteaded the same place in the same way. He and Mrs. Burch built a pretty nice little house along Dutch Creek near a little spring and nearly a half mile up Dutch Creek from where De Souza, Jr. had his house.
    The Burches lived there most of the time for five or more years, till in about 1928, they sold the place to Manuel De Souza, Sr. and about ten years later, after building a good fence around the section of land and moving the house and little barn away, he sold to Manuel F. Crovelle. After a few years, or about 1946, Crovelle sold to Percy F. Scholenburger along with the ranch he owned on the Klamath River. In about two years or more Scholenburger sold to Lorian Paine, however it's still called the Scholenburger Pasture.

February 13, 1954
DUTCH CREEK KNOLL
    The big round knoll south of Cold Spring Flat got its name, Dutch Creek Knoll, from Dutch Creek which heads on both sides. On its top one can get a nice view of the surrounding area for several miles away.

February 13, 1954
COLD SPRING BUTTE
    The rocky pointed butte about south of Cold Spring Flat and west of Dutch Creek Knoll got its name from Cold Spring Flat. The southeast side is rocky with rock beds. On the west side it's too rocky for cattle and horses to go and get the nice bunchgrass which grows there. Cold Spring Butte can be seen for many miles.

February 19, 1954
COLD SPRING FLAT
    Cold Spring Flat got its name from Cold Spring which is located on the east part of Cold Spring Flat. Nowadays it is sometimes called Agate Flat on account of the agates which can be seen all over the Flat area, especially in earlier years before the rock hounds taken most of them away. Cold Spring Flat is known far and near for the agates and jasper which could be found there a few years ago. A little of the south part is on the California side of the border, most of it is on the Oregon side.
    Back in the late 1880s, either Parkerson or Land [Laird? Landing?] had a brush fence around most of Cold Spring Flat and sowed most of the plow land with rye. A little sign of the old cabin, barn and corral on the north part. For many years it was called Parkerson's Cabin, and its still the name by oldtimers despite the fact that the cabin burned during a grass and brush fire in, I believe, 1924.
    In early days Wm. A. Wright told me that he saw seven g.rizzly bears on Cold Spring Flat in one day during the late 1860s.

February 19, 1954
THE BEAR WALLOW
    On Cold Spring Flat nearly one quarter of a mile west of the road there used to be a little spring or mud hole with a little water all summer. It dries up nowadays in the summer and is just an early string mud hole many years ago it was called the Bear Wallow, because bears used to come there to drink and wallow in the mud. That was long ago before the white man killed off the bears and everything else they could get a shot at, I suppose just to satisfy their urge to kill something.
    Not much over a quarter of a mile almost south of the Bear Wallow there is a round knoll, where the state line goes over its north side. When I was a boy my father and others told me that on the north side of the knoll was where the grizzly bears dug holes in the hillside in the mahogany brush to den up during the winter.
    Those so-called good old days are gone, so is the grizzly bears and the oldtimers who killed them.

February 19, 1954
THE DAVIS PLACE
    I believe it was in 1915 when Wm. H. McKee located his homestead on the south part of Cold Spring Flat. Most of it was on the California side of the border. He had a board cabin in the southwest corner, which burned a few years later during a grass and brush fire.
    McKee lived there off and on for about three years or more and sold to A. B. Madero, who at that time lived at King City, California. In about 1946, Madero sold to George Pettee, and a couple of years or so later "Bob" Dawson was the owner for a while and sold to Mr. and Mrs. Ora C. Davis of Cottage Grove, Oregon. Davis built a house on the east part of the place for a summer home.
    A few years ago the place had lots of agates, jasper and other attractive rocks, but in earlier years rockhounds from far and near [had] taken most of them away.
    Both McKee and Madero plowed some of the land and growed some rye hay several different years. Madero built a barn there to store hay in; however, not long afterwards during the hard winter of 1936 and 1937 the snow and wind tumbled it to the ground.

February 20, 1954
SKOOKUM GULCH
    Skookum Gulch empties into Jenny Creek a few hundred yards over the state line into California. In going up Skookum Gulch from its mouth for about one-half mile or more is a rough canyon called Skookum Gulch, or Skookum Canyon is the correct name, and about half way in Skookum Canyon there's another gulch branches off on the right side and it's called Bear Gulch and about half mile of it is a rough canyon and it's called Bear Canyon. Getting back to Skookum Canyon which ends on the Cold Spring Ranch here, there for about one mile of Skookum Gulch is here on the ranch. On up nearly a mile Skookum Gulch forks at the edge of the Skookum Pasture. The straightaway fork is much the shortest and heads on the south side of Skookum Ridge and the east side of the Bench. The west fork is still called Skookum Gulch. It curves off to a northwest direction and by Cook's Camp and at this place Long Gulch branches off on the left. Skookum Gulch goes through some of the southwest part of the Skookum Pasture and on up around Cabin Sixty-Nine and heads at a divide which on the west side slopes toward the right fork of Camp Creek.
    Skookum is an Indian name meaning plenty or good and was named by the Indians in early days because there were plenty of apaws, wild onions and other eatable plants grew in that area.
    When I was a boy there were several Indians lived along the Klamath River near where Copco is now located. Those Indians would go to the Skookum Gulch area every spring to dig apaws. The women would dig apaws and other eatable herbs and plants while the men would hunt for game and soon have jerked venison and venison cooked on a camp fire and it was good too, so was the apaws. I know, for I ate with them more than once when I was a little boy.
    What a fine country this must have been before the white man came and killed and destroyed all the good things the Indians had, the fish and game, the bunchgrass and all the rest is gone, the Indians too. When I was a little boy I heard "Indian Tom" say white man crazy, kill-um deer, no eat-um.

February 20, 1954
BEAR GULCH
    Bear Gulch empties into Skookum Gulch near the state line. Going up Bear Gulch from its mouth, nearly a half mile of it is in a canyon, and this part is called Bear Canyon, and then the surrounding area is from level to rolling hills. Bear Gulch forks on section five; the east fork is still called Bear Gulch and goes by Hartwell's Spring and Brakeblock Spring and heads around Moonshine Spring. The west fork don't have any name and heads up in and beyond the Skookum Pasture on its east side and drains the area around Deer Spring and Cedar Spring.
    Sometime between 1881 and 1895 my father killed a black bear in what's now Bear Canyon, and that's the way the canyon got its name, Bear Canyon and the gulch Bear Gulch.
    The timbered area east of Bear Canyon in section eight, and in part private land, was longed off in about 1930.

February 20, 1954
COLD SPRING
    The forty-acre homestead I located in 1926 included Cold Spring. It's nice cold water and that's how it got its name in early days.
    The Cold Spring area was years ago covered with agates, jasper and petrified wood. In later years the rockhounds hauled most of it away.
    Cold Spring used to be, long ago, the watering place for cattle and horses. They came there by the hundreds.
    The place has been the camping round for hunters, prospectors, range riders and others. The United States men camped there for a while when they surveyed the state line the last time in 1916.
    Long ago my uncle Wm. A. Wright had a little cabin there for a camping place while riding for cattle and horses. When I was a boy the tumbled-down cabin was still there, and even now the pile of rocks that was once his fireplace is still there. It was in the late 1860s, before he built the cabin, when he had a camp about two hundred yards northwest of Cold Spring in among some little pine trees, while he had his bed swing up off of the ground between some trees a few feet away from his camp, and one morning when he started to build a fire he saw the tracks of a grizzly bear in the ashes of the camp fire he had the evening before.
    During a few years before 1921, my uncle John H. Wright lived at Cold Spring in a little shack where he raised a garden each year.
    In about 1921, N. L. Main located his homestead there of one hundred and sixty acres which included Cold Spring. Main lived there most of the time for five years, during which time he was married.
    I believe it was in the fall of 1925, when I bought Main's improvements on his homestead and [had] taken my homestead of forty acres of what Main had also including Cold Spring.
    I believe it was in 1915, when the horse I was riding had a bucking spell at Cold Spring and threw me off almost in the spring.
    The Cold Spring area was the camping ground for the Indians before the white man came and pushed them away. The signs of their camps can still be seen. No wonder they camped there, for the water was plenty good, plenty of apaws and wild onions, and a good deer country.

February 20, 1954
BEAR SPRING
    There is an exciting bear story connected with the name of Bear Spring. Hereon as follows is a boiled-down story that caused the little spring or mud hole to get its name.
    During the fall of 1914 I found some bear tracks around the now Bear Spring area where the bears were feeding on acorns. I borrowed a number five Newhouse trap from my uncle, Wm. A. Wright, and soon had it set for a bear. The next morning I found the trap gone and bear tracks all around. I tied my horse and started after the bear on foot. The trap had a toggle which was too small to stop a large black bear. I tracked him for about a mile and found the toggle that had lost off of the trap. So now he had only the trap, and he was a big bear. He went in a circle for two or more miles. When I [had] overtaken him in a small opening surrounded by thick brush, I was about close enough to smell his breath when he was snapping his jaws together, and he was looking right at me. I didn't crowd him a bit, or I didn't shoot either, for I didn't see any getaway place in case of a poorly placed shot with my 44-40 Colt "New Service" revolver. I was sort of sad when he decided to go on his way down the hill, and when he did I fired a shot and missed, but when he came in view again I fired three more shots and killed him.
    When I got back to my young saddle horse I had a hard time getting on him after skinning out the bear, for nearly all horses are afraid of bear scent, and he was one that was really afraid. I thought he was going to buck in spite of everything I could do to keep him from it. He had before bucked me off a few times and I thought he could do it once more and I didn't want him loose on the range with a good outfit to lose someplace.

February 21, 1954
WHITE'S PASTURE
    In the early 1900s Mr. and Mrs. Wm. A. Wright bought the school section of land number thirty-six located in the upper Skookum Gulch area. Shortly thereafter Wright taken a timber claim of one hundred and forty acres which cornered on section thirty-six south of the lake about three hundred yards, where Wright had a little cabin and corral, where he camped while looking after his cattle. The little cabin burned in later years during a brush fire.
    Wright fenced the section of land and a few years later, I believe in 1910, he fenced his timber claim.
    I believe it was in 1913 when the Wrights sold the land together with their ranch on Camp Creek to Walker and Marsac of Fort Jones, California. About three years later J. A. Walker sold his interest to C. W. Marsac. About 1919 James George of Yreka, California [had] taken over all the land in the Skookum Gulch area. In about 1930 George sold the timber from the timber claim. In about 1935 George sold the land to Manuel [omission?] Shelly sold to Lewis and Byron White of the Bogus Creek area. At this writing George W. McCullum of Gold Hill, Oregon had a lease on the land, and it is said that he has, or is, going to buy it.
    In about 1910 Wright built a board cabin on the timber claim near a nice cold spring and among some nice cedar trees. This was once a beautiful spot. He built the cabin from some of the lumber from the old livery stable at the old town of Klamathon. During the time Shelly owned the land he built a nice cabin of hewed logs and a tin roof, a few feet from the old one. Both cabins are still there; however, the old board cabin is badly wrecked.
    In early days when the Wrights owned the land it was known as the Skookum Pasture and is still by many people. Down through the years it has also been called Marsac's Pasture, George's Pasture, Shelley's [sic] Pasture and White's Pasture. I call it the Skookum Pasture, which I think is proper.
    During the years that the Wrights, Walker and Marsac and Marsac owned it they used it as a cattle roundup camp and pasture and so did Shelly and White to some extent.
    The first days I spent on the range during the beef cattle roundup in September of 1911 was at the old board cabin where we camped, and how dear to me were those beans in the old iron kettle after a long day's ride, the buckaroo stew was good too, and the coffee in the old blackened coffee pot. Gone now are the trails which the cattle once roamed, and the old riders of the range have about all gone with the once-dusty trails. Nowadays when I ride through the Skookum Pasture it brings back many memories of the days of long ago, the old cowhands I used to ride with, the horned cattle, ropes and brands, horses, six-guns and all the rest, but the best of all was the old bean pot after a long day in the saddle.

February 21, 1954
THE LAKE
    There's a nice spring in the upper Skookum Gulch area, a little south of the east end of the bench where its water settles in a little basin-like place on a little bench which forms a little lake about the size of a corral. This has been called the Lake as far back as I can remember. This lake is located on the east end of the timber claim that once belonged to my uncle, Wm. A. Wright. This was a beautiful place before it was logged off in about 1930 and burned off a year or two later.
    In early days the grizzly bears were killing quite a few cattle over the range land. This caused Robert Bruce Grieve to set a number six Newhouse trap at the Lake, and after a time got a grizzly bear in the trap, but he escaped leaving three of his toenails. From the size of the tracks it was a huge grizzly bear. For several years after this happening the cattlemen lost many cattle each year. Most of the kills found had the huge tracks around the remains. These tracks had three toenails missing from the front foot. The big grizzly soon became known as "Reelfoot," but that's another story.

February 21, 1954
COOK'S CAMP
    Cook's Camp is in the northwest part of section one where Long Gulch comes into Skookum Gulch and along the Bald Mountain Road, also known nowadays as the Soda Mountain Road. I judge from the looks of the place that the Indians camped there before the white man came.
    During the last half of the 1870s Wm. A. Wright had a camp there while he was making rails for his father who then owned a ranch along the Klamath River, now known as the Paine Ranch. For many years afterwards it was called the Rail Camp.
    When Wright was camped there, my father, a younger brother to Wm. A. Wright, was on his way to the camp to deliver some food supplies to his brother, riding an old work horse and had a Henry 44 caliber rifle on his saddle, came face to face with a female grizzly bear when he was only a half mile from the camp. The bear made two charges at Father, but didn't attack. Father stood his ground, for there wasn't any use to try running on an old work horse. After a little while the bear took her cubs and left.
    During the early 1900s, George Cook, a hunter, camped there at different times while he was hunting deer which caused the name to be changed to Cook's Camp.
    This place has been the camping ground for the California and Oregon Power Co. when they built their hydroelectric line number three in 1911, and again in 1927 when they built their line number nineteen. It's also been the camping place for surveyors and others and in late years a favorite spot for deer hunters to camp during deer season.
    The man to whom the place was last named after, George Cook, was well known in this area as a great hunter and rifle shot, has passed on many years ago, but the name Cook's Camp still lives and is an everyday name among local peoples, but I presume very few know how the place got its name.

February 22, 1954
LONG GULCH
    The water from Long Gulch runs into Skookum Gulch at Cook's Camp. It's over a mile long, I guess, and only a low ridge separates it from Skookum Gulch. It heads in west of John's Camp. In Long Gulch about midway there's a little gulch branches off to the west and it heads at and around Shinrock's Mine. They told me in early days that they started to call the gulch Long Gulch because it is a long gulch.
    I have a picture of a bunch of cattle taken in Long Gulch in 1919 when I was range rider for the Skookum Stockmen's Association. In the picture there are some horses and cattle, the cattle were roan and spotted, and of course that was the time of the earlier cattlemen before they got the goofy idea of dehorning their cattle.

February 22, 1954
JOHN'S CAMP
    Sometime between the years of 1866 and 1875 my uncle Wm. A. Wright built a corral along the upper part of Skookum Gulch east of the head of Long Gulch in a sort of a timbered area for the purpose of corralling some wild cattle that belonged to Chas. S. Hammond of Fort Jones, California when he also owned the Camp Creek Ranch now known as the De Souza Ranch. For many years the dark and shady little cove was called the Wild Cattle Corral, until another uncle John H. Wright camped there in different years in his little shack while he was making post and shakes, probably around the 1920s. He also used the camp while on hunting trips. This Wright was a skillful mountain man and hunter, and he had more than one camping place in the mountains where he camped while hunting or just going someplace. He always did his hunting and traveling alone. While in the mountains he wore old clothes and his moccasins he made himself. A fine rifle shot, and he knew the mountains and slipped around in them as quiet as a cougar. For several years after Wright camped at the Wild Cattle Corral the pretty little timbered cove was called John's Camp and is still by a few, but these days the names of places is being changed and some forgotten. Wright's little cabin is still there with the roof fallen down. It still lives despite the many snows that has fallen on it.

February 22, 1954
SHINROCK'S MINE
    I first met Fred Shinrock when he came into this area pulling a little sled with his camp outfit on it, and first camped on my homestead for a few days in about 1929. Shinrock had worked on the hydroelectric line in 1927 and had found some good-looking rocks which he thought might lead him to some gold, for he was a miner and prospector.
    He went down on Camp Creek, and west of the Brody Ranch he dug a tunnel in the hillside, but didn't find anything. This place has been called Fred's Mine since. Shinrock then went up in the Skookum Pasture, and in the west branch of Long Gulch east of McKinney Rocks he dug a hole in the hillside. Afterwards he told me that he got traces of gold and zinc.
    Hard times and old age forced him to give up the claim. In any event the place has been called Shinrock's Mine since he dug the hole, despite the fact that in about 1944 Clarence McGrew, then the owner of the Buckhorn Lodge south of Ashland, Oregon, made a few camping trips to Shinrock's Mine and opened it up, but his advanced age caused him to [give it] up also.

February 23, 1954
THE BENCH
    The Bench is nearly a mile long and it's located on the south slope of Skookum Ridge; the west end is near Cabin 69, the east end is north of the Lake. There is a couple of nice springs on the Bench, lots of brush such as scrub oak, with a few little open glades. There used to be lots of nice grass growing in the glades, but not near so much nowadays.
    Sometime during the 1880s, while my father was hunting for deer and bear on the Bench, he saw five grizzly bears on the brushy hillside some distance away. My father was very fond of fat bear meat. He thought by shooting one of the bears the other four would go on over the hill, so he shot the best-looking one, and was sure he had killed him, but the remaining four still stayed around in the brush near by, so Father knew it would be dangerous to go after the bear he had shot with four more in the brush, and possibly a wounded bear, so he didn't go and claim the bear, but some time later he found the remains of the bear near where he had shot him. He was using his favorite rifle, which he called "Old-Meat-in-the-Pot," this was his 45-75 Winchester Model 1876 rifle, which was, in those days, considered a very good bear rifle.

February 26, 1954
SKOOKUM RIDGE
    The ridge from Elie's Glade to the head of Oregon Gulch points east and west. This ridge has been down through the years known as Skookum Ridge. The south slope is the watershed for Skookum Gulch, hence the name, Skookum Ridge. The south slope is brushy, the top is most all brush, with some rock bluffs facing south, while the north slope toward Mill Creek and Keene Creek is a heavy mass of timber. On the north side in the timber near the top is some place names which are from west to east, the Goat Camp, the Wild Man's Camp and Bee Tree Spring, and on the east end of the ridge is the headwaters of Oregon Gulch and places called Shake Spring, Valentine Spring and Cedar Spring.
    The Skookum Ridge area in the early days was a good cattle range but due to overgrazing it's not near as good now. This was also a fine place for deer to summer, and it seems to be a heaven for coyotes and bobcats, and a runway for cougars passing through, but the so-called sportsmen have just about done away with everything on Skookum Ridge except the brush.

February 26, 1954
JENNY CREEK
    Early settlers told me that in the mid-1850s there was a group of United States soldiers on their way from Fort Jones, California, to what is now Copco, along the Klamath River, to battle it out with a little band of Indians. This happened during the winter months, while the creeks were high. While they were fording a stream one of their jennies was drowned, hence the name "Jenny Creek."
    Those same soldier boys camped the night before at another stream mouth, about two miles down the river from Jenny Creek, which became Camp Creek.
    Jenny Creek in early days was a fine stream for fish; the mountain trout was there all the time, and during the winter the steelhead were there, and in the fall the salmon, but it's much different now.

February 26, 1954
SKOOKUM CANYON
    A few people the last few years have Skookum Canyon and Bear Canyon mixed up; they are calling Skookum Canyon Bear Canyon. In correcting this I will explain that the last mile of Skookum Gulch near its mouth is called Skookum Canyon. About midway Bear Gulch comes in, and about half a mile of this is a canyon that is called Bear Canyon.

February 27, 1954
THE McGREGOR RANCH
    My memory is rather hazy about the beginning of the McGregor Ranch in early days. However, recently I discussed the early owners with Mrs. Ida Frain, a pioneer woman of seventy-eight years of age; she was able to tell me about the development of the ranch from the beginning.
    Mr. and Mrs. Nunan were the first to locate a homestead there. Nunan was at the time employed by the then California and Oregon Railroad Company in Ashland, Oregon. Nunan's stepson, Archie R. Grieve, lived on the homestead and improved it. Mrs. Nunan was the mother of Archie R. Grieve, and the former wife of the late John Grieve, who first homesteaded the ranch on Fall Creek known now as the Fall Creek Ranch, now owned by Clyde and Mildred Laird. The next owner of the McGregor Ranch was a man by the name of Roper, who I can remember when I was a small boy. It was probably around 1908 when the next owners came there to live, the Huendgardt family. At first there were several of the family lived there, but later on only Jacob and Henry Huendgardt were there. Around 1925 Mr. and Mrs. Rodrick M. Frain bought the ranch. In the mid-1940s Mrs. Frain passed away and in about 1948 Frain sold to Marion B. McGregor. In about 1951 McGregor sold to Hamilton H. Fox of Lake Creek, Oregon, so the past three years it's been the Fox Ranch.
    Before Nunan homesteaded the place Oscar Terrill and family lived on the west side of the hill from Jenny Creek in a log cabin for two or more years and hunted deer for the market, tanned deer hides and made gloves. This was before there were any game laws. After the Huendgardts left the ranch in the early 1920s Mr. and Mrs. Elmer Denney had the ranch rented for a couple of years, or until it was sold to Mr. and Mrs. Rod M. Frain.

February 27, 1954
HEALTH SPRING
    When Rod R. Frain owned the Fox Ranch from about 1925 to 1948 he thought that the little spring south of his ranch along Jenny Creek was a health water and would cure or help ailing people, so he called it Health Spring. The water has a little different taste than most water, and lots of deer come to the spring to drink.

February 27, 1954
HORSE HEAVEN
    The south slope of Rod's Hill is nearly a half mile each way. A warm, sunny place, and the snow melts off faster than most places in this area. It's a great place for deer in the winter. In earlier years when there were lots of horses on the range the place was the feeding ground for horses during the winters. When R. M. Frain owned the Fox Ranch from about 1925 to 1948 he saw so many horses in that little area in the wintertime that he started to call the place Horse Heaven.
    One of our early-day wagon roads is between the Cold Spring Ranch and the Fox Ranch. By going over the old road one can look all over Horse Heaven from on the east side of the ridge.

February 28, 1954
ROD'S HILL
    The hill or ridge on the north of the Horse Heaven area has been called Rod's Hill for several years. The east end of the ridge tapers off on the ranch which Rod M. Frain owned from about 1925 to 1948, hence the name, Rod's Hill. Up till about thirty years ago the north side was covered with timber. After it burned over in 1924, brush has grown up and the old fire-killed timber has fallen, which makes it a good place for deer to hide from its worst enemy, mankind.

February 28, 1954
DEAD HORSE GULCH
    There is a little gulch about a mile or two long pointed east and west and empties into Jenny Creek at the upper end of the Fox Ranch. When Rod M. Frain owned the ranch from about 1925 to 1948, he found a dead horse there, so he gave it the name, Dead Horse Gulch.
    Where the gulch crosses Grieve's Trail there is a little spring where the cattle come to drink. The cattle men tried to improve the spring by cleaning it out and stretching some barbed wire around it, but made it worse instead of better.
    There is a larger gulch near the old town of Klamathon, which has also been known as Dead Horse Gulch for many years.

February 28, 1954
HARTWELL'S SPRING
    Hartwell's Spring is near the east end of Bear Gulch. It got its name about twenty-five years ago or more, when Roy Hartwell and family lived here on the Cold Spring Ranch for a couple of years. At that time the cattle men were salting their cattle near the little spring, and this was about the only place they salted cattle, and the place didn't have any name, so they began to call it Hartwell's Salt Ground, I suppose because Hartwell lived within a mile or so of the place, or maybe just a funny idea. A few years later I started the name, Hartwell's Spring.

February 28, 1954
THE MUD HOLE
    The Mud Hole is a hole with a little spring in it, and there's a willow tree almost in the center of it. I suppose because it's a mud hole was the reason it's called the Mud Hole. It's located about a quarter of a mile east of Skookum Pasture.
    About two years ago the cattlemen of this area added another funny idea to a lot they already have, this one was to get the United States Bureau of Land Management to help them fix and develop some of the springs on the range so their cattle could get a good drink of water. The Mud Hole fell victim to a facelifting job. They dug a hole where they placed a wooden box and a pipe carried the water out into a wooden trough and a fence of hog wire and barbed wire was built around the works, leaving the trough on the outside. That did it, I guess, for I haven't heard any more about the Mud Hole. I guess the whole idea went with the wind after spending a lot of work and money. At this writing the fence is a wreck, and hasn't ever been repaired. Probably in a short time there will be another place with a lot of barbed wire scattered around, unless the cattlemen change their ways, and that's not likely in the foreseeable future.

March 1, 1954
HARDY'S HOMESTEAD
    Sometime between 1866 and 1875, my uncle, Wm. A. Wright, camped at what is now usually called Hardy's Homestead and made some rails for Chas. S. Hammond, who at that time owned what is now called the De Souza Ranch on Camp Creek. The place went by the name of the Rail Camp till about 1930, when Anthony Hardy, of Portland, Oregon, located a homestead there. The place used to be pretty well covered with timber till it was logged off in the late 1940s. Hardy built a small but nice log cabin near the nice cold spring, there where Wright had his camp.
    Hardy's son fell heir to the homestead and sold it to Louis Miller of Hornbrook, California, in about 1947. Shortly thereafter Miller sold the timber and it was logged off, which spoiled the looks of a beautiful place. As far as I know, the place is still in the Miller family.
    At one time long ago, Cook's Camp was also called the Rail Camp after Wright had made rails there.

March 2, 1954
MOONSHINE SPRING
    Around Moonshine Spring was a pretty place before it was logged off. It's located in a hollow-like place sloping eastward. There used to be a lot of tall timber there, making it a shady place. It's on the northwest corner of Hardy's Homestead. A fire burned over part of it in about 1930, a few days before Anthony Hardy moved on his homestead. The fire didn't help the looks of a once beautiful place, and neither did the loggers, when they logged it off about 1948.
    During the late 1920s, Jay F. Burs and I camped there and made a few shakes from a fir tree. It really was a nice place to camp and see nature all the while as it was before man came along with his ax and saw.
    During prohibition days during the 1920s there was a little moonshine still operating there, which caused the spring to get its name.

March 2, 1954
BRAKE BLOCK
    When I was young and gay and riding the range there was a couple of brake-blocks that someone had left along the Shake Road near a mud hole spring, and about that time the riders of the range began to call the spring Brake-Block Spring.
    The Shake Road, as it was called in early days, went from the Cold Spring Ranch to Shake Spring. Ranchers and homesteaders hauled shakes over the road, and on one of their trips had left a set of brake-blocks at this little spring.

March 2, 1954
THE RED ROCKS
    North of the Cold Spring Ranch on the east side of Skookum Gulch there are some little bluffs and rocky points. The rocks are a sort of reddish color. About twenty years ago or less Louis Miller and his hunting companions began to call the rocky places the Red Rocks.
    About fifteen years ago, while Rod M. Frain was hunting for deer he found a rattlesnake den in the Red Rocks and reported his find to me, and since I have killed a lot of rattlesnakes there. It's only about three-eighths of a mile from my house.

March 3, 1954
DEER SPRING
    In 1915 I killed a deer at a little spring about a quarter of a mile south of Cedar Spring. The spring didn't have any name, so I called it Deer Spring.

March 3, 1954
THE WITCHERLY RANCH
    It was probably around 1923 when Louis Miller located his homestead at Apple Jack along Jenny Creek. Later he bought George A. Grieve's homestead on the north, and located a grazing homestead joining on the west.
    Miller sold his holdings in about 1943 and it's changed hands several times since. "Bert" Dodendoaph bought it from Miller, but after about three months sold it to Jesse B. Kidwell, who had it a few years, in which time he sold the timber and it was logged off, and then sold to Jack Stoddard, and after a year or two, Stoddard sold to a man by the name of Witcherly, and in another year or two sold to George W. McCullum; however, it still seems to go by the name of the Witcherly Ranch.

March 5, 1954
OREGON GULCH
    I don't know how Oregon Gulch got its name. It runs into Jenny Creek on the ranch now owned by George McCullum, but is still called the Witcherly Ranch, and heads west from Jenny Creek about two miles, on the east end of Skookum Ridge.
    There are several name places in the Oregon Gulch area, Bark Spring about one-half mile on the hill north of Oregon Gulch, and near Rose Bud, Shady Spring is on the south side, and so is Smith's Camp. Root Spring and Valentine Spring is in the south head part, while Rancour's Homestead and Shake Spring is in the north head part, and in the divide that slopes toward Keene Creek. The Shake Road, which is usually called the Oregon Gulch Road these days, goes through the head of Oregon Gulch, by Root Spring and Rancour's Homestead.

March 7, 1954
SHADY SPRING
    South of Oregon Gulch, a quarter of a mile or less, is a spring located in a timbered place, and sort of a pretty place.
    It was in about 1921 when Roy Hartwell, his father and myself camped there for a few days and made some shakes. During the many years that I was range rider for the Pilot Rock Grazing District I salted cattle there.
    From the obsidian chips scattered around there shows the place was the camping place for the Indians before the white man came.
    The spring didn't have any name till about twenty-five years ago, when Con G. Mulloy and myself were discussing the range and place names, and Mulloy suggested that the spring should have a name, and that Shady Spring would be a good name, because of the shady place where the spring is located, and I agreed.

March 7, 1954
SMITH'S CAMP
    Near the upper south part of Oregon Gulch, a man by the name of Smith located a timber claim, or homestead, probably in 1908 or before. He built a log cabin and lived there some, and made a lot of posts, and sold them to D. Marshall Horn, of Hornbrook, California. Horn hauled the posts to his ranch with teams or wagons, with four or more horses to the wagon. As was customary with long teams in the early days, they had bells on their hames which was there to serve about the same purpose as the horns did on the early automobiles, on narrow and crooked roads.
    The cabin burned many years ago, and the spot has grown up with trees and brush till it don't look like anyone has ever lived there, and the name Smith's Camp has been almost forgotten.

March 8, 1954
ROOT SPRING
    In the head of Oregon Gulch by the side of the Shake Road is a spring that's been known as Root Spring, as far back as I can remember. The spring is well named, for there is a tanglement of roots around the edge of the spring.
    About twenty-five years ago the cattlemen of this area sort of boxed the spring in to make it a better place for the for cattle to drink water, and three years ago, some other cattlemen reboxed the spring with new logs in the same manner.
    In about 1916 Thos. J. Hearn and I camped there and made a few shakes near Shake Spring about a half mile northwards also about the same place and made shakes.
    Root Spring is a well-known name place among the cattlemen of this area.

March 7, 1954
BARK SPRING
    It was a long time ago when a little group of riders of the range dismounted from their horses at a spring a little west of Rose Bud not far from Oregon Gulch. One of the riders, Robert Bruce Grieve, cleaned the leaves and mud out of the nice cold spring and from a piece of bark from a tree he placed there for the water to run out in, hence the name, Bark Spring, which is still a popular name among cattlemen of this area.
    As far back as I can remember there has been a little log cabin there, probably someone's timber claim taken before my time.

March 8, 1954
VALENTINE'S SPRING
    Many new calendars have been hung on the wall, probably about seventy of them, since a little group of buckaroos rode up to a little spring in the head of Oregon Gulch. Included in this group was Valentine Griffith, my uncle, Wm. A. Wright, and my father, Thos. J. Wright. It was a dry and hot summer day, and they wanted a drink of water. Griffith cleaned the leaves and mud from the spring, and they soon had a drink of water.
    Griffith passed on a dozen or so years ago at the age of eighty-six years. Even in such short space of time, and as well known as he was in this region as a buckaroo of the days of old, the name Griffith is being forgotten as time goes by, but his given name, Valentine, still lives among the buckaroos of today as Valentine's Spring, but few, if any, know how the spring got its name.

March 8, 1954
CEDAR SPRING
    On the east end of Skookum Ridge, on the south slope, a nice spring comes out of the earth in a cluster of cedar trees, hence the name Cedar Spring, a well-known name among the cattlemen.

March 9, 1954
RANCOUR'S HOMESTEAD
    During the mid-1920s, Irene Wehrli, a young lady of Ashland, Oregon, located a homestead in the head of Oregon Gulch at Shake Spring and built a little log cabin there. After a year or two she gave it up. In about 1931, George Rancour established his homestead there in the same place, and built a nice three-room house from logs. He and Mrs. Rancour lived there for about three years during the summer months. After he got his homestead patent he sold the timber, and the place was then logged off. At this time they built a road from Keene Creek which connected with the Shake Road to haul the logs out on. A year or two later, Wade H. Wallis acquired the homestead. After a few years Wallis traded it to the United States government for some land joining on his ranch along Jenny Creek.
    That was a beautiful place before it was logged off. It is, however, growing up again, so it don't look as bad as it did.
    There used to be some fine timber on the place, and in earlier years there were lots of shakes made in that area from the sugar pine trees. Shake Spring is located there, which was usually the camping place for the people while they were making shakes. The shakes were hauled by team and wagons over the Shake Road to their ranches and homesteads.

March 10, 1954
SHAKE SPRING
    Up till the mid-1930s the end of the road going north to Oregon Gulch, known as the Shake Road, ended at Shake Spring. In the mid-1930s a logging road was built from Keene Creek to Shake Spring, or Rancour's Homestead, and connected on the Shake Road.
    Shake Spring was the camping place for ranchers and homesteaders in the early days, while they were making shakes to cover their buildings with. Shake Spring was located in the timber and was a pretty spot to camp. In about 1910, I camped there with Thos. J. Hearn and made some shakes, and a little later, Walter Herzog and I camped there and made shakes. At this time Herzog went hunting, and killed a deer, and of course, killed it to eat. He made one of his favorite mulligan stews; in it was several different kinds of vegetables, and the parts of the deer, liver, lungs, kidneys, heart and brains, went in too. That was his way of making a stew. Cooked in an old iron kettle over a camp fire, it was a pretty good stew. Herzog was a good game shot with his old 38-55 Ballard single-shot rifle.
    Also during the early 1920s Roy Hartwell, his father and I camped there and made shakes.
    I believe it was in 1888 when Mr. and Mrs. Thos. J. Hearn were camped at Shake Spring to make shakes. With their little baby daughter in her cradle at camp, they left for an hour or two a few hundred yards away to make shakes, and while returning on a cattle trail they saw the tracks of a cougar made minutes before, heading for their camp. They hurried to camp and found the baby unharmed, although the cougar tracks were within a few feet of the cradle holding their baby daughter.

March 11, 1954
BEE TREE SPRING
    On the east half of Skookum Ridge and on the north slope in the timber is a spring. The spring has been known as Bee Tree Spring since between 1881 and 1895, when my father felled a big sugar pine tree a few yards up the tree from the spring. The tree was hollow and contained bees and honey, which was what my father wanted. He was very fond of honey, and too, he wanted to put the bees into a hive to add to some he already had.
    The last time I was at Bee Tree Spring about four years ago the big bee tree was still there, and some of the chips that were cut out of the tree while he was felling it with an ax were under the butt of the tree where they have been protected from the weather for probably over sixty years, were sound, and looked like they were cut just a few years ago.

March 16, 1954
THE WILD MAN'S CAMP
    There is a spring on the north slope of Skookum Ridge located in the heavy timber and brush between Bee Tree Spring and the Goat Camp. The spring didn't have any name till 1910, when someone built a wickiup from poles and bark at the spring. It is a good hideaway place, or was back in 1910, when my cousin, R. Alfred Wright, found it while riding for cattle and it had just been built. Who built it and why, no one knows as far as we could learn. People thought that someone built it for a place to hide from the law, though it might have been someone who just wanted to stay in the mountains for a while to get away from his kind, to stay where it was quiet and relax for a spell, and forget about the human race. Too many people is apt to cause a sane man to go to the wilderness anyway. In any event, from then on it has been called the Wild Man's Camp.

March 18, 1954
THE GOAT CAMP
    Between Elie's Glade and the Wild Man's Camp on the north side of Skookum Ridge a man used to camp at a spring. He had a bunch of goats that he herded in that area, probably thirty-five and more years ago, hence the [name] Goat Camp. There is an open glade there surrounded by timber and some brush. The glade slopes northward to the east branch of Mill Creek.
    This area was a fine cattle range in early days, but too many goats and cattle killed out most of the grass. Like the balance of the range land, it's been overgrazed by cattle, horses, goats and sheep. It's goodbye to the free and open range, goodbye to the horned cattle and all the rest, the old goes and the new comes, good and bad.

March 27, 1954
LOST LAKE
    South of Keene Creek in the timber is a little lake about forty or fifty feet across. In early days, when I was riding the range with the oldtimers, they told me that the little lake was called Lost Lake, because even those who had been there a lot would have to look around sometimes in order to find it, and I have found that was true in later years when I was riding the range alone. While I had been there a number of times, I couldn't always ride straight to it.
    It's a pretty place around Lost Lake, lots of nice timber and some brush, and would be a nice place to camp if it has not been logged off by now, which would spoil its beauty.

May 13, 1954
APPLE JACK
    The place that was called Apple Jack has been for the past thirty years or so included in the ranch on Jenny Creek now owned by George W. McCullum, of Gold Hill, Oregon.
    The place got its name in early days after one of the Grieve brothers, who turned his wagon over on a steep hillside while he was hauling a load of apples from the Grieve Upper Ranch to the homestead, where Archie R. Grieve was staying, now known as the Fox Ranch.

May 15, 1954
ROSE BUD
    Rose Bud is a large knoll, or sort of a butte, west of what used to be the Wallis Ranch. There is quite a lot of bluffy rocky places on the south and east sides.
    A number of years ago John H. Miller reported finding a rattlesnake den there in the rocks while he was hunting for deer. No wonder, for it is an ideal place for rattlesnake dens.
    I don't know how the place got its name. It's been called Rose Bud as far back as I can remember, however, in late years, some people call it Rose Bush.

May 24, 1954
FIR TREE SPRING
    Fir Tree Spring is located about one-half mile or less north of Rancour's Homestead on the slope toward Keene Creek, named for a fir growing in the spring.
    The old trail between the head of Oregon Gulch and the Upper Licks goes by the spring, but is seldom traveled these days.
    Fir Tree Spring is probably a sort of mineral water for deer come there to drink, and so do cattle. To me the water has a different taste than most mountain water. There are a few pine and fir trees, a lot of brush and scrub oak trees around there.

May 25, 1954
STUMP SPRING
    When I was range rider for the Pilot Rock Grazing District from about 1939 to 1952 I salted cattle at a spring where there were several tree stumps that had been felled for saw logs along a logging road about one-half mile south of the Middle Licks. It was during that time that the cattlemen began calling the spring Stump Spring.

May 27, 1954
THE DESAVEDO RANCH
    It was probably around fifty years ago when Ralph Springstean settled on a patch of ground at Keene Creek. Later on, another fellow settled beside him; his name was Perry Landing, but after a few years Landing left, but Springstean stayed on his location.
    Landing was a carpenter by trade and built the house on the Fall Creek Ranch now owned by Clyde and Mildred Laird. He also built the house on the Grieve Lower Ranch, and the house on the ranch now known as the Zinn Ranch.
    During the mid-1930s Springstean sold his cabin to "Max" Desavedo, who built the present house, which is a big one, also a big barn. He built a lot of fences, cleared land, and bought and rented some more land, and dug a ditch from Keene Creek, and sold the timber from it, which was logged off soon after.
    Desavedo branded his cattle with a Box D brand, and the ranch was also known as the Box D Ranch.

May 28, 1954
KEENE CREEK
    The oldtimers told me long ago that Keene Creek got its name after Captain Keene was killed by the Indians in that area, along the route that used to be known as the Emigrant Road over the Greensprings Mountain.
    Up till about thirty years ago the Keene Creek area was a beautiful country, before Highway 66 was built, which replaced the Emigrant Road, and before the sawmills and logging destroyed nature's beauty.
    Keene Creek was once a fine mountain trout stream. When I was riding the range many years ago I always carried a couple of fish hooks, and many times I have caught a half dozen or so trout by using some hair from my saddle horse's tail tied to the hook for a line, with a grasshopper for a lure, and a willow sprout for a rod.
    Around forty or more years ago that was a fine cattle range, but it's not near so good now.
    After the white man came, the fish and game and a lot of other things seemed to have vanished until now there's not much left of the things produced by nature. I once heard an old Indian say, "White man crazy, all time kill-um deer, no eat-um."

May 29, 1954
THE LOWER LICKS
    The Lower Licks is between the mouth of Keene Creek and what used to be called the Wallis Ranch. It's a little mineral water spring, which seeps out of the earth in different places along the bank of Jenny Creek on the east side, and the mineral water also bubbles up in the water of Jenny Creek. Deer and cattle like the water, and because there are two more such mineral springs on up, this one is called the Lower Licks.
    In early days deer hunters had a scaffold in a pine tree, where they would sit during moonlight nights and wait for deer to come in. The pine tree was of medium scrubby size, and it died and was felled by the wind about eight years ago. The scaffold was still in the tree when it fell to the ground.
    Oldtimers told me that before the scaffold was built in the tree, Robert Bruce Grieve, a noted hunter and rancher of this region, went to the tree and sat down late one evening to wait for a deer to come in. He sat there all night while some deer came on the hillside, snorted and left.
    At different times bark and moss would fall out of the tree on him, but he thought it was just caused by birds roosting there. When daylight came he discovered a young cougar in the tree above where he had been sitting all night, which was probably the reason the deer snorted and left.
    About forty years ago a very large cougar was killed at the Lower Licks by W. L. Frain and Loren Close, after their dogs put it up a tree.

May 30, 1954
THE MIDDLE LICKS
    There is a little old board cabin at the Middle Licks. It was there over forty years ago when I first rode the range. Probably someone homesteaded the place and gave it up.
    Oldtimers told me that a man by the name of McCatum built the cabin, and sometimes the place was called McCatum's Cabin.
    The mineral water seeps out of the earth along the bank of Keene Creek. Lots of deer and cattle go there to drink.
    There are a few acres of nice level land there along Keene Creek.
    This was a pretty place forty years ago, and Keene Creek at that time was a fine mountain trout stream. Many years ago while I was roaming over the wide open spaces, my saddle horse my pal, and my saddle my home, I would catch a few trout for camp.
    Forty and less years ago nothing but cattle trails led to the Middle Licks, whereas today there's logging roads all over the area, and I guess you know the rest.

June 1, 1954
THE UPPER LICKS
    The Upper Licks is a mineral spring near Keene Creek where lots of deer and cattle go to drink.
    Up till a few years ago there was a scaffold in a pine tree, built in early days and still used some in later years for hunters to hide and wait for deer to come to the spring for a drink, where they could get a closeup shot with a rifle, and quite often, a shotgun loaded with buckshot. It was as late as 1940, when I found the offals of a deer that had been killed from the scaffold. This was a doe with a little baby fawn. That anyone could eat a doe that he had killed while it was nursing a baby fawn, while at the same time thinking about the fawn starving to death in the woods, is beyond me. Such as this would put a coyote to shame.
    There is a few acres of fairly open country around there, which made a good place several years ago for the cattlemen to cut out cattle they didn't want to drive home during the beef and branding roundups, and too, cattlemen from different ranches would scatter out singly or in pairs and make drive to the Upper Licks, and there they would cut out the cattle for the different owners to be driven home, and leave the cattle they didn't want. During the early 1920s or before, the cattlemen built a log corral there to make it easier to cut out and hold cattle.
    In about 1860 there were three cattle rustlers hanged to some trees a couple of hundred yards or so north of the Upper Licks along Keene Creek in a patch of thick timber and brush. They were left hanging to the trees. My uncle Wm. H. Wright told me that when he started to ride the range in 1866, the bones of the three rustlers were still there with pieces of their clothes and the ropes they were hanged with. These three rustlers had a corral along a creek farther north, which in later years caused the creek to be called Corral Creek, a name well-known to this day, but probably few know how it got its name.

June 3, 1954
THE OLD MILL
    About sixty years ago there was a sawmill along Keene Creek westward from Lincoln about one mile, and located at the mouth of Mill Creek. When I was riding the range about forty years ago the old skid roads were quite plain, and at the mill site, the sling where they shod their oxen was still standing. They used the oxen to skid logs to the mill. After the sawmill was abandoned it got to be called the Old Mill, and Mill Creek was also named for the mill.
    That area used to be a wonderful cattle range, and it's still about the best spot on the range for grass.
    Years ago when I was roaming the open range from place to place, around the Old Mill was one of my favorite camping places, for there was most always plenty of grass for my pony horse, and too, I could easily catch a few mountain trout from Keene Creek to go with my potatoes and bacon and hot frying pan bread. All by ourselves, my pony and I. I would take the warm saddle blankets from under my saddle and use them for my bed.
    By the flickering camp fire, with my pony near by, with plenty of grass to eat, and my old six-gun at my side, I felt free and sort of wild, when the coyotes were howling around. The wail of a lonely coyote was music to me. I believe my pony too, sort of liked the music from the coyotes and owls; well, who wouldn't? It seemed to give one a cheerful, carefree feeling. But gone are the days of old, the oldtimers and the bunchgrass too. New cattlemen moved in, they brought barbed wire, wire stretchers and hammers, well, you probably know the rest.

June 3, 1954
MILL CREEK
    About sixty years ago there was a little sawmill along Keene Creek near the mouth of Mill Creek, and that's how Mill Creek got its name, which heads on the east side of Bald Mountain, and north of Elie's Glade.
    The Mill Creek area was a beautiful timbered country, and is yet, if it hasn't been logged off in the past three years.
    About every year, when I was a boy on the range during the beef cattle roundups, we would see the timber wolves' tracks in the Mill Creek area. We heard them howl not very far away, and that was a thrill to a young buckaroo, who even then, at an early age, loved Nature and its ways.
    Mill Creek was a small stream, with a little stream of nice cold water all summer, and a few little mountain trout in the holes.
    Many times I have ridden up and down Mill Creek for one reason or another, or just a-roaming around, or heading for a patch of grass for my pony pal to graze, and a place to bed down for the night beneath the sky of blue. Those were quiet places to bed down in those days, the only manmade noise to be heard was now and then the chuckle of wagons wending their way along the rough and rocky road a mile or so to the north, known as the Emigrant Road.
    Some might say, "Didn't you get lonesome?" Of course my answer would be "No," for I have always loved Nature's ways in the wilderness. There are so many things that are interesting to me. At night one can lie and gaze at the stars and Milky Way and listen to the breeze wending its way through the treetops, the night birds and all the rest. It's all interesting to study and think about. The wilderness is a
friendly place if you can live up to its demands.

June 16, 1954
THE LOWER MEADOW
    Along Keene Creek about one-half mile from the Old Mill is an open place, and there used to be lots of grass grow there, and it looked like a little meadow. About forty or so years ago it was one of the beauty spots of the Keene Creek area. It was long ago an out-of-the-way place, and along a good mountain trout stream.
    It was a good place to camp overnight, with plenty of grass for a saddle horse. One could catch a few trout to go with some frying pan bread, bacon and potatoes, roll up in the saddle blankets and let the rest of the world go by, as one lies by the camp fire and listens to the night birds sing their songs and the trees a-swaying in the breeze.
    About twenty-five years ago or more, someone established a homestead there.
    There is a larger, meadowlike place farther up Keene Creek, and it's called the Upper Meadow.

June 18, 1954
THE UPPER MEADOW
    The Upper Meadow is located where Parsnip Gulch empties into Keene Creek. Someone had located a homestead there, I believe, before 1911, for when I first saw the place at that time there was a house and barn there. In any event, it has changed ownership several times down through the years, and different people have lived there at different times, and at one time someone started a muskrat farm there. Dr. Chas. A. Haines of Ashland, Oregon, owned the place for a short time about fifteen years ago.
    The Upper Meadow is a much larger place than the Lower Meadow, which is farther down Keene Creek.
    This would make a nice little ranch, if it were not for the heavy snowfall during the winters. It used to be a pretty place, and I liked it in the earlier years before the highway was built a mile or less from the place, and before that area was logged off, which to my thinking, spoils the beauty of any place.
    In early years it was good fishing for mountain trout in Keene Creek; the trout were small ones, but they were good.

June 23, 1954
MARSHE'S SODA SPRING
    Marshe's Soda Spring is about a quarter of a mile up Jenny Creek from the mouth of Keene Creek. It was named for a man by the name of Marshe, who once located a homestead there, probably over fifty-five years ago.

June 23, 1954
HOLBERT LAKE
    Holbert Lake is about south, and about three or more miles from the summit of the Greensprings Mountain where the highway goes over, and is located near the Bald Mountain Road, sometimes called the Soda Mountain Road. This is on the west side of a big backbone of bluffs and rocks which is called Holbert Rock.
    Some twenty-five years ago someone started a muskrat farm there, but later gave it up.
    There has been different people living there from time to time.
    They say there is a few catfish in the lake, which were planted there several years ago.
    I understand that the lake got its name from a man by the name of Holbert, and so did the rocky backbone. Probably Holbert was the man who first established a homestead there.
    This used to be a pretty place, with Holbert Rock on the east side of the lake, and the whole area covered with heavy timber. In later years it was logged off, and the country around the lake was torn up by logging equipment. It's an awful-looking mess now.

June 25, 1954
HOLBERT ROCK
    Part of the ridge west of Parsnip Gulch is made up of rocks and bluffs, and on the west side of the bluffs is a lake called Holbert Lake, and the rocks are called Holbert Rock.
    I believe both the rocks and the lake were named after a man by the name of Holbert.
    There is a little house near the edge of the lake, and different people have lived there at times. Probably Holbert was the first to settle there.

June 27, 1954
PARSNIP LAKE
    I have not been at Parsnip Lake for a few years now so don't know whether or not the nice timber has been logged off or not, but probably it has. That area was a good cattle range about forty years ago, and a beautiful, out-of-the-way place.
    Parsnip Lake is small in size and is located near the lower part of Parsnip Gulch.
    In early days there were some wild parsnips around the lake, hence the name. Long ago the cattlemen would dig out the parsnips each year to destroy them, for there were a few cattle died there from eating the plant.

June 27, 1954
PARSNIP GULCH
    The head of Parsnip Gulch is at and around Cabin 69. It runs sort of northward, and by Smith's Homestead, and near Parsnip Lake, and into Keene Creek at the upper end of the Upper Meadow. A timbered area, but probably has been logged off by now, though I am not sure.
    Parsnip Gulch got its name from the wild parsnips which at one time long ago grew around a little lake and swamp near by, and is called Parsnip Lake, hence the name Parsnip Gulch.

June 29, 1954
SMITH'S HOMESTEAD
    About thirty years ago a man by the name of Smith located a homestead along Parsnip Gulch, not far from Parsnip Lake, and lived there some. A few years ago the shake house and other buildings were still standing, though badly wrecked.
    There is a few acres of nice, level land there along Parsnip Gulch and would be a pretty nice little place to live, if it were not for the heavy snowfall and long winters.
    There is, or was, some nice tall timber around Smith's Homestead, but it probably has been logged off by now.
    About one quarter of a mile south of Smith's Homestead and a couple of hundred yards east of Parsnip Gulch there is a little spring nestled in a little cove-like place in the heavy timber. Somewhere around thirty years ago someone built a fine little house from nice peeled poles standing on end. It was well made, with three or four rooms, but the roof was not strong enough for the heavy snowfall in that area, and the snow wrecked the nice little house.
    Probably someone homesteaded the place. In any event, he picked a beautiful spot hidden away from the rest of the world.
    In later years that area became known as Smith's Homestead.

June 30, 1954
CROOKED PINE SPRING
    It was during September of 1911 when I was riding the range with my father on the beef cattle roundups, when we came to a spring between Holbert Lake and Bald Mountain, and near the spring was a scrubby crooked pine tree. My father told me that the spring had been called Crooked Pine Spring for many years, due to the crooked pine tree near by.
    About three years ago I was there and I noticed the crooked pine tree and it looked the same as it did in 1911. I noticed too that there was a lot of logging going on in that area. I don't think the scrubby old tree would qualify for saw logs, but I thought it might become a victim of someone who just wanted to destroy something.
    In about 1927 the Bald Mountain Road was built along near the crooked pine tree.
    If that old pine tree could talk it could, no doubt, tell some interesting tales. Probably could tell about the tall grass that once grew on the glades near by, about all of the hard winters, about the Indians and their bows and arrows and the cougars, and grizzly bears that passed by, the old tree probably could tell about the big bull that the great grizzly bear, "Reelfoot," killed in that vicinity back in the 1880s. It surely could tell about the destruction the paleface has left in his path.
    Forty years or so ago the Crooked Pine Spring area was a fine cattle range, but it was grazed with sheep and cattle till it's not much more than a dust pile today.
    The tall grass is gone, so is the grizzly bear and the Indians with his bows and arrows.
    The grizzly bear had to go to make room for the cattle, so they say. The horse gave way for the automobile and the Indians had to vanish from his hunting grounds as the white man advanced with his hate and greed. With rifles and six-guns blazing he left death and destruction along his path, but long live the crooked pine tree.

July 1, 1954
CABIN 90
    It was in 1911 when the California and Oregon Power Co. built their hydroelectric line number three from Fall Creek over the Greensprings Mountain and into Rogue River Valley, and shortly thereafter, or about 1912 they had a log cabin built at pole number 90. During the 1920s they built a new cabin from lumber near by.
    They also have an old log cabin and a new lumber cabin at pole number 69.
    My uncle John H. Wright built both of the log cabins for the company.
    For a few years thereafter the company employed a man for each cabin to stay during the winters to patrol and repair the line, but after a time gave it up.
    The cabins are known as Cabin 90 and Cabin 69.

July 2, 1954
PINEHURST INN
    I believe it was during the fall of 1925 when I was riding for Archie R. Grieve. At that time we did a lot of riding around the upper Jenny Creek area and along the Emigrant Road. At that time Chas. W. DeCarlow had not long before moved away from his ranch to the new place he had built along the new highway known as the Pinehurst Inn, however he still owned and operated his ranch less than a mile away. Not many years passed when he sold the ranch, which was along the Emigrant Road and was for many years the United States post office, first known as Shake, but soon after the DeCarlows bought the ranch in the early 1900s the name of the post office was changed to Pinehurst. Mrs. Lulu DeCarlow was for years the postmistress up till the post office was discontinued in, I believe, the mid-1920s.
    The DeCarlows sold the Pinehurst Inn probably during the mid-1940s or a little later.

July 4, 1954
THE DeCARLOW RANCH
    Long ago during the 1850s and 1860s when the emigrants were crossing the plains westward bound and those who were headed for the Rogue River Valley, many of them, came through the Klamath Basin and over the Emigrant Road. These emigrants sometimes camped for a few days to rest and graze their horses and oxen at what is now known as the Zinn Ranch. The emigrants called the place Round Valley; a sort of an open place with plenty of grass made it an ideal place to rest for a few days.
    The place was called Round Valley for many years, or until a man by the name of Brown located a homestead there. Brown and his sister, Mrs. Smith, lived there a few years and sold to Julius Hart who was in the cattle business there and used a heart-shaped branding iron on his cattle.
    I believe the United States post office was established on the ranch while Hart owned it. In any event Shake was the name of the post office when it was first established.
    In I believe 1906 Hart sold to Chas. W. DeCarlow, who also used the heart brand on his cattle.
    Soon after DeCarlow bought the ranch the name of the post office was changed to Pinehurst and Mrs. Lulu DeCarlow was the postmistress till, I believe, when the post office was discontinued several years later, or I believe in the mid-1920s.
    Not long after Highway 66 came through and [had] taken the place of the Emigrant Road which went by the DeCarlow Ranch, the DeCarlows moved about a mile southward along the then new highway where it crosses Jenny Creek and built the Pinehurst Inn and still owned and operated the ranch for a while, or until they sold the ranch and cattle business.
    During the next few years the ranch changed hands probably a couple or three times till a man by the name of Zinn bought it. Zinn owns the ranch at present and it's called the Zinn Ranch.

July 5, 1954
BEAVER CREEK
    Beaver Creek empties into Jenny Creek northward from the Pinehurst Inn. It got its name in early days from the beaver that lived along the little stream.
    There used to be a little school house along Beaver Creek where the Emigrant Road crosses.
    I believe it was during the early 1920s when they built a big new school house at Lincoln, so the little board school house was abandoned.
    It's been nearly thirty years since I have been around in the Beaver Creek area, so I don't know what has taken place in that part of the country, but one thing is almost sure, that is the timber has been logged off.

July 8, 1954
POST SPRING
    I have not been to Post Spring for nearly thirty years. Before that I did a lot of riding for cattle in that area. It was a good cattle range then.
    Post Spring was a popular name in early days among the cattlemen.
    It is located about one-half mile southeast of the Twenty Mile Spring.
    I don't know why they named it Post Spring.

July 8, 1954
THE TWENTY MILE SPRING
    The Twenty Mile Spring got its name because it was twenty miles from there to Ashland, Oregon by the way of the Emigrant Road where the spring was located.
    This nice mountain spring was a well-known place before the Highway 66 was built, it being a camping place for travelers during the horse and buggy days and the oxen era when emigrants were traveling westward.
    When I was there last about ten years ago, I noticed the timber had been logged off around there, and it didn't look like it used to, not so beautiful as it was when I first rode the range forty and more years ago and saw the buggies and wagons rattling and banging over the rocks, and the long freight teams with bells on their hames winding their way up toward the top of the Greenspring Mountain, or eastward toward Jenny Creek.
    Some of the first settlers to Rogue River Valley went over the Emigrant Road and by the Twenty Mile Spring located nearly one mile north of the now Lincoln.
    Around fifty years ago a forest fire burned over a large spot of timber from the Twenty Mile Spring southward and that is called the Twenty Mile Burn.

July 15, 1954
TUB SPRING
    Tub Spring was in early days a popular name place among the cattlemen. It's about one mile westward from the Twenty Mile Spring.
    After Highway 66 was built, probably in the early 1920s, the place was fixed into a camp ground and Tub Spring was piped a short distance to the new highway and a water fountain made.
    When I first rode out on the open range over forty years ago it was a pretty place and hardly ever seen only by riders of the range, but it's different now, automobiles going by every minute or two, or even seconds. I don't remember how the spring got its name.

July 18, 1954
CORRAL CREEK
    A ways back in about 1860 or a little later when ropes and six-guns was the law and order of the range land, three cattle rustlers had a corral along a little creek, later called Corral Creek, where they blotted the brands on cattle out with the bottom of a hot frying pan. The rustlers were later caught, probably by a group of cattlemen near what is now the Upper Licks along Keene Creek and were hanged to some trees in a timbered hideaway spot at the edge of Keene Creek.
    My uncle, Wm. A. Wright, told me that the bones of the rustlers and pieces of their clothes and ropes were still there when he first started to ride the range in 1866.
    The three rustlers met their doom long ago and forgotten about and the corral they built is gone too many years ago but the name Corral Creek is well known to this day, but probably very few people, if any, knows how the little creek got its name.
    Corral Creek empties into Jenny Creek at the Pinehurst Inn and heads northwest in the higher mountains.

July 18, 1954
HOPKINS SODA SPRING
    It has probably been around fifty years since Al Hopkins lived at the soda spring along Jenny Creek about one mile or more up from the Pinehurst Inn. That is the reason it's called Hopkins Soda Spring. I first seen the place forty-two years ago. At that time there was a house and barn there. It was a small ranch home. I haven't been there for about thirty years so I don't know what it looks like now, or if anyone lives there or not.

July 18, 1954
FRETENBURG'S SODA SPRING
    My memory is somewhat hazy about the early happenings of Fred Fretenburg, for I was quite young then. In any event he was a veteran of the Civil War and at one time owned and operated the then Hotel Oregon in Ashland, Oregon, now, I believe, called the Ashland Hotel. That was probably about the time he started to build a dude resort at a soda spring along the upper part of Jenny Creek near where Johnson Creek comes in, but gave it up after a while. That was probably about sixty-five years ago or more. I first saw the place about fifty three years ago, and as I remember the house looked a little old then. In any event it's been called Fretenburg's Soda Spring since I can remember.
    Jenny Creek and Johnson Creek both were good streams for mountain trout and with the soda spring [would] be an ideal place for City folks to spend their idle time.
    Fretenburg's wife, Josephine, was my father's youngest sister and when I was a youngster they both lived at Henley, California and was in business there for a long time, or until around the early 1920s or before when old age caused them to retire.

July 19, 1954
JOHNSON CREEK
    Johnson Creek empties into Jenny Creek a short distance from Fretenburg's Soda Spring. It drains the Johnson Prairie area. Both were named after "Cal" Johnson, who lived on the priarie long ago.

July 20, 1954
JOHNSON PRAIRIE
    Long before my time there was a man by the name of "Cal" Johnson who lived on a priarie in the area east of the upper part of Jenny Creek and north of the Emigrant Road. Thats why they have been calling the prairie Johnson Prairie and the little creek that drains the priarie Johnson Creek which empties into Jenny Creek near Fretenburg's Soda Spring.
    I knew "Cal" Johnson many years afterwards when he lived in Yreka, California, and later when he lived in Ashland, Oregon.
    I believe it was in 1919 when I helped drive five hundred and forty-five head of cattle from Hornbrook, California to Buck Lake. We camped on Johnson Prairie and herded the cattle there overnight.
    We left the chuck wagon there till we got back from Buck Lake some fifteen miles northward over a mountain, for there weren't any road.
    The cook of the outfit wanted to go along so he tried to ride one of the work horses, a nice-looking black mare, but she bucked him off which hurt his back. Joe Souza traded horses with the cook just for the trip to and from Buck Lake. Souza was also thrown off; however, he stayed on the second try though he was nearly thrown again and during the struggle had a front tooth nearly knocked out. In any event the cook got to Buck Lake and back to the chuck wagon.
    The whole trip was a hard drive and hard on saddle horses too, but we did have a little fun on the side.
    The last riding I did in the Johnson Prairie area was, I believe, in 1925 when I was riding for Archie R. Grieve.

July 21, 1954
WARD'S HOMESTEAD
    It was in about 1923 when Henry Harrison Ward located his homestead along Fall Creek near the California and Oregon state border.
    He lived there until he passed away in, I believe, 1937.
    While he lived there he owned a little ranch a little eastward from Pokegama where he put up a little hay and hauled part of it to his homestead to feed his team and saddle horse.
    Ward sold part of the timber from his homestead around the early 1930s or before. About that time there was a little saw mill established there and operated some until it burned a year or so later.

July 21, 1954
SLOAN'S UPPER RANCH
    I don't know how Samuel George Sloan acquired his upper ranch on the Oregon side of the state line east of the upper part of Fall Creek, probably by homestead, or maybe under the preemption act of that time which was something like the homestead law.
    Sloan's Upper Ranch was sold about five years ago to Clyde and Mildred Laird which now is included in the Fall Creek Ranch.

July 23, 1954
THE CLOSE HOMESTEAD
    I don't remember when Loren Close [had] taken his grazing homestead which contains one section of grazing land on the California side of the border, probably in the early 1920s. He built a house and barn in the northeast corner of the section and lived there with his family for a few years, or until his house burned.
    Later on Close sold to Fred Frain and in about 1947 Frain sold his ranch to Clyde and Mildred Laird of Walnut Creek, California, and the Close Homestead was included.
    When the Lairds first acquired the property, "Tex" Ewell built a little house and lived there a couple of years.
    The place, as far as I know, at this time is still called the Close Homestead, and is located about east and a mile from the Fall Creek Ranch.

July 23, 1954
THE FALL CREEK RANCH
    The ranch now known as the Fall Creek Ranch was first homesteaded by John Grieve, probably in the early 1880s or before. Grieve built his log house about two hundred yards west of the present house near a spring.
    About 1890 the Grieve homestead was sold to J. C. Moore of Ashland, Oregon. In about 1894 my father, Thos. J. Wright, was married to Moore's daughter, Miss Mary Moore, in the house that Grieve built.
    Moore sold the place to Fred Frain in about 1895, about the time that Frain married Mrs. Ida Close, another daughter of Moore.
    Some time after Frain bought the place he located a homestead along the east branch of Fall Creek and joining the place he had bought from Moore.
    Frain built a log house on his homestead and lived there a few years, then he built the present house some forty-five years ago. His carpenter was Perry Landing, who then lived near the mouth of Keene Creek.
    After Mr. and Mrs. Frain had lived there for more than fifty years and also had built the barn and made several improvements and bought other land under trying conditions of early days, their advanced age sort of forced them to sell. It was in 1947 when they sold out everything to Clyde and Mildred Laird of Walnut Creek, California, which thereafter became known as the Fall Creek Ranch.

July 24, 1954
FALL CREEK
    Fall Creek is a short stream made up of a series of big cold springs in the area northward from the Fall Creek Ranch and empties into the Klamath River.
    About a mile or more up from its mouth there is a high fall where the water runs down over a bluffy hillside, and that is why the stream was named Fall Creek.
    Many years ago the company now known as the California and Oregon Power Co., diverted most of the water of Fall Creek out in a ditch and piped it down the hill to their Fall Creek power plant, which of course detours most of the water around the falls.
    In early days before the California Department of Fish and Game went to playing around with the salmon there were lots of them run up as far as the falls during the month of October to spawn. Around forty and more years ago the stream was alive with salmon. At that time I can very well remember when "Indian Tom" was getting his salmon from Fall Creek. In those days there were enough salmon for everyone and would still be if the people had of taken care of them, but in those days many people caught salmon with spears for fun and left them on the bank to rot. I can remember "Indian Tom" saying white man catch-um salmon, no eat-um. The Indians had a good country full of fish and game and plenty of bunchgrass, but most of the good things the Indians had is now about all gone.
    North of the falls was in early days full of mountain trout, but they went the way of the salmon.
    No wonder there were lots of Indian camps along Fall Creek in early days, plenty of fish.

July 25, 1954
ROBERTS HOMESTEAD
    Roberts Homestead was once, long ago, a place name. The homestead has been for a long time included in the Sloan Ranch.
    The meadow east of the road going up and down the long hill, known as Roberts Hill is where a man by the name of Roberts [had] taken a homestead probably in the early 1890s.
    At the east side of the meadow he lived in a log house which is all gone now except the pile of rocks which was his fireplace.
    The hill was named Roberts Hill, a namesake of Roberts, and is to this day a well-known name in this area, but the name Roberts Homestead has been forgotten. Roberts Hill is the south end of the Copco Road.
    Probably in the last half of the 1890s, Roberts sold out to Frank Picard who built his house at the foot of the hill along the road. Picard also had a saloon and store near by. This was when old Klamathon town about fifteen miles down the Klamath River was a booming saw mill town when they floated the saw logs down the river to the saw mill.
    When I first went to school at the Lowood school at the mouth of Camp Creek in the early 1900s the two youngest of the Picard children, Jay and Nellie, also went to school there on horseback, which is five or more miles one way. That should be something for the youngsters of today to think about, since in most cases the school bus picks them up at their yard gate and returns them.
    Samuel G. Sloan owned the Picard property for many years. He probably acquired it from Picard, or members of his family

July 25, 1954
SPRING CREEK
    Spring Creek was in early days called Mill Creek after Wm. A. Wright and "Lou" Allen started to build a saw mill there. In later years it became known as Spring Creek, probably because there was another name, Mill Creek developed for a little stream which empties into Keene Creek.
    In any event Spring Creek is a fitting name, for the stream is fed by big cold springs. It's a short stream in the general location of the upper part of Fall Creek. The only difference is that Spring Creek is fed from springs west of Fall Creek on a westward slope and empties into Jenny Creek on the Fox Ranch. In the early 1900s, the California and Oregon Power Co., as it's known now, ditched most of Spring Creek water over into Fall Creek. There is also a ditch that brings water from Spring Creek westward to the Fox Ranch for irrigating purposes.

July 27, 1954
WADE'S HOMESTEAD
    It was in about 1922 when Clyde Wade located his homestead along Fall Creek joining the west side of the ranch now known as the Fall Creek Ranch.
    Wade's Homestead was a place name for a number of years but [is] now almost forgotten.
    Mrs. Wade taught school at the school house near by.
    I believe it was in the mid-1920s when Wade sold the timber and it was logged off. Soon thereafter he sold his homestead to, I believe, Henry H. Ward; in any event Ward owned the place for a short time while he lived on his own homestead farther on down Fall Creek.
    Ward sold the place to Mr. and Mrs. Harold F. Merryman of Klamath Falls, Oregon. The Merrymans still own the little place where they have spent many weekends away from their law office and home in Klamath Falls for the past thirty years.
    It's sort of a pretty place where they have their house, with the cold sparkling Fall Creek running by.

July 28, 1954
THE WAY RANCH
    Ed. Way once lived on the little ranch which is still sometimes called the Way Ranch. He probably lived there around the late 1890s.
    The place is located on the west side of the foot of Grizzly Mountain.
    I am quite sure others lived there before Way did. In any event several people have lived there at times since.
    Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Laskey now own the place and have been living there for the past three or four years.

July 28, 1954
THE THREE MILE SPRING
    When John Grieve first homesteaded the place now known as the Fall Creek Ranch, the road now called the Copco Road led out northward to the Emigrant Road, and the spring along the route was three miles northward from Grieve's homestead so he called it the Three Mile Spring which is still a popular place name established probably in the early 1880s.
    However several years ago someone killed a rattlesnake there, hung it on a tree and hung beside it a piece of cardboard with the words "Rattlesnake Spring," so nowadays the spring is usually called Rattlesnake Spring, but to me and other oldtimers it's still the Three Mile Spring.
    In late years it's been a popular camping place for hunters during the yearly deer seasons.

February 19, 1957
BAILEY HILL
    In early days the old stage road between Hornbrook and Hilt went up a long hill.
    This hill has been called Bailey Hill as far back as I can remember.
    It was named after a man by the name of Bailey.
    The old Highway 99 follows along pretty close to the old stage road up Bailey Hill.
Transcribed from a typescript prepared from George F. Wright's manuscript journals, Southern Oregon Historical Society Research Library, MS 1388.