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Jackson County 1887 From Yreka to Grants Pass on Foot.
BY J. M. MACDONALD.
As an evidence of the unusually mild season, we note that the road over
the Siskiyou Mountains is clear of snow at this time (January 6th).
Considering that the summit has an altitude of about 4000 feet above
sea level, the fact that the road over it is a mass of soft mud instead
of several feet of snow is remarkable; and taken in connection with the
severe weather prevailing in the East leads us to account for the fact
as follows: The cold currents coming from the north on the Atlantic
coast cause a contrary current west of the Rocky Mountains. And this
wind from the south, which has prevailed since October, is doubtless
the cause of the mild weather experienced on the Pacific Slope during
the past two months. As a rule, severe weather on either coast begets
the contrary on the other, and naturally from the causes stated above.
The unusually high temperature at this season has been proportionate all over the Pacific Coast. At San Diego, the weather in the latter part of December approached nearly to the summer conditions of that part of California, although in October the thermometer there sank unusually low for a few weeks. During that few weeks, snow fell and lay on the Siskiyou Range to the depth of about a foot, but it has now disappeared and left the mud on the slopes in a liquefied state. Rogue
River Courier, Grants Pass, January 14, 1887, page 1
The Clay County, Iowa News contains a three-column letter written by Rev. J. P. Coleman, who arrived here recently from Spencer, in that state. It speaks volumes for Josephine County and comes from a citizen of another state who is supposed to judge impartially. Among other things, he says: While in Portland we visited several places of interest. Among others we visited the Chinese quarters. A policeman directed us to a "joss house" where the rites of heathenism are practiced. It was a gloomy, dismal-looking place, a true picture of the dark system of paganism. It is one thing to read the sentimentalisms of certain individuals in regard to the good qualities of the Chinese; but it is another thing to be associated with them, to feel the blighting influence and curse of their abominable practices. Their ideas and customs are purely and essentially antagonistic to our institutions and to every interest dear to an American. As a rule, they are non-producers and non-consumers. They can live where a white man would absolutely starve to death. If they accumulate any money, it is sent back to their native country. They own no property, and pay no taxes, and consequently add nothing to the material, religious and moral interests of the community. We looked over the exhibits of Oregon productions in the office of the secretary of the immigration society. There were grasses, grains and fruits of all kinds and descriptions. We saw as fine a growth of corn as you will find in any of the eastern states, which had been grown in Southern Oregon. But their fruit display excelled anything of the kind I ever saw. Here were apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots, nectarines, grapes, strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, etc., the size and flavor of which cannot be excelled. And bear in mind, the finest varieties of these exhibits were produced in the Rogue River country. The stranger passing through this section of the state is impressed with the peculiar adaptability both of the climate and soil as a fruit-growing country. There were also mineral specimens of gold, silver, copper and lead, besides other metals, which indicated great richness. The principal part of these were from Southern Oregon. Placer mining has been the only means of taking out the precious metals heretofore, with the exception of a few instances where quartz mining has been carried on on a small scale; but with the advent of the railroad, affording better facilities for shipping in heavy machinery, quartz mining in the near future will be developed to a greater extent than it has in the past. Arriving at Grants Pass in the night, we were awakened next morning by the singing of birds, which reminded us of the return of spring. We soon learned that it is a common occurrence all the year round. Our first thought when walking out in the morning air, our faces fanned with gentle breezes, soft and balmy as a spring day, "Well, we are at last beyond the reach of blizzards, tornadoes and hurricanes." And what a relief such a reflection brings to one who has faced blizzards and howling winds while crossing the cold, bleak prairies of Iowa. My heart goes out in unstinted sympathy for those who are compelled to endure the intense cold of that country. As I write I can look off in the distance and see the mountains covered with snow, while in the valleys the grass is growing, and cattle are quietly grazing in the fields. Father Hood is out in the garden cultivating his strawberries. He has over 4,000 plants in healthy growing state and 400 fruit trees, besides large quantities of blackberries and other varieties. He anticipated a large yield of fruit this season. A great deal of plowing and seeding has been done since we came here. The weather was delightful during the holidays. We were all invited to Mr. Farr's for Christmas, that is the Iowa people, and of course had an agreeable and delightful time. New Year's we had an invitation to Mr. T. A. Hood's. The day was warm and pleasant, which added greatly to the enjoyment of the occasion. Judging from the quantity and quality of the good things provided by these ladies, Mrs. Farr and Mrs. Hood, they have lost none of their art in culinary matters. The dinners prepared by them amply attest their skill in this department of the home life. Messrs. Scott and Day were well pleased with the country and spoke in glowing terms of the climate. Wish I could describe the climate so that your readers would have a correct appreciation of it. The winters are very similar to your fall weather the kind you often have that has caused you to long for a country where it would last throughout the winter season. Tell your readers we have it here. Of course we have occasional rains, but they are not as disagreeable as many people imagine. During the first four weeks of my stay here, there was one day in which a person would have been prevented from working out of doors on account of the rain. It is a mistaken idea that it rains incessantly throughout the winter months. There are intervals of many bright sunshiny days, fully as warm as your May weather in Iowa. In my next will give you a detailed description of this country, price of lands, etc. If any of my friends desire further information, they can write me at this place, enclosing stamp, and I will endeavor to accommodate them. J.
P. COLEMAN.
Rogue
River Courier, Grants Pass, February 25, 1887, page 1Excursion to Ashland.
At
3:30 p.m. on the 16th inst. a party of as jolly excursionists as ever
banded together boarded the southbound freight train for Ashland, the
object being first to fraternize with the good people of that most
beautiful little city, and secondly to attend the musical and
dramatical entertainment at Granite Hall on that evening.
Our party consisted of Prof. H. L. Benson and wife, Hon. S. U. Mitchell and wife, Dr. F. W. Van Dyke and wife, Misses Elva and Myra Wheeler, J. C. Boyd and wife, T. P. Judson and wife, Mrs. W. L. Blackburn and Miss Blanche, Robt. Chanslor, C. K. Chanslor, Sam White, Geo. Kelly, John Kelly, Dr. C. W. Beacom, Morphord John and ye editor. At Medford we were joined by Miss Riddle and H. Wolters. Our general course of travel was along the old military road constructed many years ago by Lieutenant Joe Hooker, the hero of "Lookout Mountain" and many other thrilling adventures on the battlefield during the late unpleasantness. Mr. Boyd, of our party, was a soldier in Hooker's division in that awful struggle. Nor is this all the history in connection with our pleasant journey. Mrs. Boyd, née Miss Boone, is the great-granddaughter of old Daniel Boone, of Colonial history (whose name we first read in our childhood). His daring amid the wild animals and savage redskins was a matter of wonder even in those days of heroism. But to our subject. We glide along airily amid tall pines, black and white oak trees, the last-named festooned with mistletoe of vivid green. We pass abrupt wooded mountains and go through placer gold diggings; we pass a tramway 3300 feet in length, with a rise of five hundred feet from the track where limestone is procured for the Portland market. A little further on and our train runs a calf down and kills it without the jolly company being aware that anything unusual had occurred. Thus far, our road is through "abrupt mountains, deeply wooded with fir, oak, laurel and manzanita, crowned with stupendous rocks, carpeted by yellow moss, girdled with strands of snowy clouds and streaked with waterfalls of perfect whiteness." Rivulets flung off by the jetting rocks bend in arches of alabaster whiteness. They recall the fine conceit of the Spanish poet that "A
brook is the laugh of the mountain."
On, on,
until the upper Rogue
River Valley is reached, where the hills leave us and we get a full
view of the notorious Table Rock, upon which so many eyes have feasted.
It was once the property of the ferocious old chiefs "John"
and "Sam," who possibly sat upon its very brink eating jerked venison
and elk meat, while their squaws were grinding camas and acorns in
their rude mortars down at the river's edge, all of whom have long
since been swept from the face of the earth by the onward march of
civilization, and Uncle Sam's flag is planted above their graves.But we are digressing from our subject. We all note the large orchards recently planted, the many neat dwellings everywhere to be seen, the thrifty towns of Woodville, Central Point (where 23 buildings are under way), Medford and Phoenix. Intelligent faces observe us from every porch and door, and at Medford where we take supper we are scanned close enough to render us almost uncomfortable. Of course so large a crowd without apparent object was the legitimate excuse self-sought, so we all seated ourselves around the tables of the Riddle House and were served with viands good enough for kings and queens, after which we journey on. The sun was now rapidly sinking in the west, presenting some of the rarest specimens of atmospheric beauty that it has ever been our lot to look upon. Exclamations of delight and surprise at the beautiful scenery were heard on every hand. As the sun disappeared behind the scarred and wrinkled summits beyond the green wooded valleys and the purple hills of the horizon, the natural beauty was charmingly rich. Just then attention was called to the reflection of the sun on a snow-capped mountain, which was bright enough to dazzle our very eyes. But we are nearing Ashland, and this running from side to side and from one end of the coach to the other to get a better view of the surrounding beauty will have to cease, for night is fast approaching. We reach the depot about 7 o'clock p.m. and immediate proceed to secure rooms at the hotels, after which we go to the new and spacious hall and secure our tickets for the rendering of one of Shakespeare's old pieces entitled "The Merchant of Venice." During our stay the open-handed people of Ashland extended many evidences of kindly recognition, the first being a pleasant serenade at our hotels by the Ashland brass band. Our party occupied reserved seats to the right of the aisle all in a group, enjoying the play very much as it progressed, especially the "Three Little Maids from School," who were just as "cute" as could be. Ashland may well feel proud that a piece so difficult was so well rendered by home talent. The orchestra was excellent. After the play was concluded the movable seats were put aside, and those who enjoy the giddy dance were regaled until one o'clock, when all of us hied home to Morpheus. A portion of our party returned home on the morning freight, the remainder tarrying until the departure of the regular evening passenger train bound for Portland. Those who remained were so well used during the day that they will not soon forget it, Mrs Willard being among the foremost in her endeavors to pleasantly entertain the visitors. The Tidings in speaking of our company concludes by saying: "It is pleasant to see so many visitors here together, and it is to be hoped a neighborly spirit will be encouraged by our people by a return of the visit and compliment upon the first fitting occasion." Rest assured, brother Leeds, the latchstring hangs out at the door. Rogue River Courier, Grants Pass, March 25, 1887, page 3 OVERLAND TO OREGON.
The gap between Ashland, the southern terminus of the Oregon road, and
Montague,the northern terminus of the California line, is now less than
fifty miles. The company has an immense force at work, and daily the
number of laborers are increased. Last Saturday an employment agency
here received orders from Sisson, Crocker & Co., to secure all the
men, white and Chinese, that were to be had, and send them to the
front. Good weather has set in, and there is every probability that the
gap will be reduced to ten or twelve miles by the middle of June. This
gap will be the summit of the Siskiyous, and stages can make the trip
in two hours. The stage ride would be the feature of the journey, and
few would hesitate to take it. Except, perhaps, the Yosemite Valley, no
better view of the magnificent in nature can be had anywhere on the
coast than from the summit of the Siskiyous. One can see the entire
Rogue River Valley, the Salmon and Scott mountain ranges, and Mount
Shasta, towering nearly three miles high. Whether the company will
build an overland road, pending the construction of the numerous
tunnels, is not known, but so far as tourists are concerned a ride in
Concord coaches is far preferable to a ride through tunnels in a
Pullman.Portland Oregonian. Merced Star, April 7, 1887, page 3 JOAQUIN
MILLER.
He Writes a Letter from Oregon's Southern Edge. The Old Battle Ground of Californians Who Chose to Fight Duels-- Origin of the Name Oregon--Some Absurd Stories About it.
Jacksonville,
Or., April 25.--It is a wild and tumbled and tumultuous region here.
The mountains and the clouds make familiar companionship. The woods on
these mountaintops are tangled with the clouds. They are dense and
deep. You see a long, gray moss swinging from the tall, black fir
trees, not unlike the moss on the cypress trees in the Southern states.
We are about midway between San Francisco and Portland, Or., and about
100 miles inland from the great Pacific Ocean. But that 100 miles is an
almost impenetrable tumble of broken mountains. These mountains are all
set with a dense growth of fir and cedar and pine and tamarack and
spruce. And under these tall and tossing trees, in their tangle of
clouds, is a growth of vines and chaparral that disputes passage even
with the innumerable wild beasts. A more sublimely savage spot is not
to be found on this continent than the mountaintop that serves as a
wall between Oregon and California.
This range of rugged, wood-clad steeps is called the Siskiyou Mountains. This is an Indian word, and bears the mean significance of "Bobtail Horse" mountain. But it is a glorious, grand old eminence despite its pitiful name. The Indians have long since passed away. They fought hard and long and died in battle mostly. Game is so plentiful since the disappearance of the Indians that it is hardly counted any achievement to kill a wagonload of elk, deer and bear. And the more ferocious beasts of a carnivorous nature, such as California lions, panthers, catamounts, and so on, are so numerous that farmers and stock growers whose pretty little homes dot the foothills all along either side of this savage mountain range find great trouble in defending their flocks from their depredations. But now that the railroad has reached here from Oregon, and from California also, and the last spike is about to be driven, the hunter will find this paradise. The brave Roosevelts from New York will find the grizzly here. And maybe the grizzly will find the gallant Roosevelts. I sincerely hope so. This was the old dueling ground for California. I do not think the pastoral Oregonians ever indulged in the luxury of shooting at each at the drop of a hat to any extent. But in the early days, when the line between the two states was established only by a range of mountains, the summit of which could be floated a few miles either way, as suited the convenience of any duelist arrested for murder only, the Californians who acknowledged the "code" found it a first-rate battle ground. And I might dwell long on these absurd encounters here--some of them bloody enough, some of them ridiculous, all of them despicable, but with all this sublimity about us--the black forests, the clouds, the peaceful and fertile valleys far below--who cares for these petty and pitiful duels of long ago? The sooner they are forgotten the better. A few little mossy mounds of stone, some crude inscriptions chiseled in the granite front of the great mountain--these are all that remain to mark the dark and deadly hatred that surely should have found better employment and expression here when all this land was new. And so enough of this. ----
And what is the meaning and origin
of this word and name Oregon? Let me tell you the whole history of it.
For every recent writer has been widely wrong, and it is very important
that we know the true origin of this beautiful name.To begin with, I will notice some of the absurd stories about the root of the name Oregon. The guidebook which my fellow traveler carries, called "The Atlas of the World," gives this: "The name 'Oregon' is derived from the Spanish, and means 'wild thyme,' so called on account of the herb found here by early explorers." Another queer guidebook says: "The word is from the Spanish, and means 'people with big ears.'" But of all remarkable writers on this theme I have yet encountered, and they are very many, I must say that the patriotic Irishman who wrote a pamphlet to prove that the name was given in honor of a countryman of his by the name of O'Ragen is the most remarkable. [None of these etymologies is accepted today.] The true meaning of the word Oregon is "Hear the waters!" And any traveler who will pass up the Columbia River, a little way above Vancouver--now a pleasant little city, but once a great trading post--will see at once the significance of the name. For here the waters literally pour down out of the clouds. They roar and flash and sweep continually. Mount Hood hangs above you on the right as you pass up this grandest of all grand views. When the wind blows sharp and sudden around the summit of this sublime mountain and makes a rift in the clouds, you can see the mountain is literally leaning over you and hanging above you in the clouds. It looks as if it might blow over and fall down in the awful chasm of waters before you. And it is the little rivers, made from melting snow, pitching their foamy waters down out of the clouds into the vast, calm bosom of the Columbia, or Oregon, river, which have given this sweet and significant name to the land. You can hear these waters continually when the wind is favorable all the way down to Vancouver, the old British trading post before referred to. And there can be no doubt at all about the origin of the name as I have stated. For the English nearly always respected the old Spanish names along the Pacific, from Patagonia to Alaska. And I know of no single instance where they changed a name when it had a fitting purpose and meaning. The first time I ever met William Cullen Bryant, more than a dozen years ago, perhaps, and before these new and reckless writers had become quite so numerous, we talked over this subject thoroughly, and I found him even more disgusted than myself at the bad taste and ignorance of the times touching such matters. I am not certain that Mr. Bryant was a thorough Spanish scholar, but as he seemed to know everything, I think he knew the Spanish language. And then, as he spent a winter in Mexico City in the latter part of his life, and I believe had something to do with the great library there, I am pretty well persuaded that he knew all about the Spanish language and the early history of the Spanish discoveries on this coast. But be all that as it may, I implore the people of Oregon, and all writers on this subject, to let the two sweet lines of this learned and most accurate post settle all doubt or dispute forever as to the origin of the name of this noblest young state in the Union. The very root and basis of the name Oregon is briefly this, "Oye-el-agua?" Now, give this to an Indian, or, much the same thing, to an ignorant trapper or fur trader, either British, French or American, and see how naturally and how soon it would forget its Spanish root and round itself into something like its present shape. "Oye-el-agua?" would soon drop the interrogation point. Then it would be shortened to Oye-'l'-guan. From this it is only a step to Oyegan. Then Oregon is in sight. And this is the true origin and the true meaning of this beautiful word: Hear the waters? And while on this subject I may as well add my protest to many others against giving the great Oregon river the meaningless name of Columbia. The true name is Oregon, no matter if one Capt. Gray, of Boston, did sail up this river less than a hundred years ago. Let the lines of Bryant live, and let his testimony remain unimpeached: Where roils the
Oregon,
I know I ought to beg pardon for
dwelling so long on
this and standing thus long on the mountaintop of the edge of this
great young state, but a name, particularly a name so beautiful as
this, is very important. And then let us believe with Bryant that these
old navigators were poets and gave no cheap or unmeaning name to the
great lands which they took fresh from the hand of the creator.And hears no sound save his own dashings. Descending from the top of the great mountain range which divides the two first states on the Pacific Coast, we come to a wide and woodless valley. It is not very rich, and, besides, its long isolation from all seaports and markets of the world has left it much in the background. It is called Rogue River. The origin of this mean name may be easily guessed at. But whatever the stormy nature of the men may have been who gave his name to a very considerable and very beautiful river, the present people are of the most harmless. An act has been passed in the state legislature, declaring that the name is "Gold" River and not "Rogue" River. But, all the same, the people still call it Rogue River. And this new name reminds me that the gold belt does not end with the California line at all. Here, in Oregon, in this wide and wealthy valley, where woolen mills and all sorts of machinery rattle and rave on the banks of the river, we once had nothing at all but stormy and struggling mining camps. And even to this day nearly all the little mountain streams, that come strolling down from out the steep pine woods, are thick with mud and gravel from the work of miners in the mountains. At one time the largest city in Oregon was a mining camp here in this same valley of woolen mills and machinery. ----
And here the greatest battles on all
this western
slope were fought with the Indians, for here it was that the wild man
was found in splendid form. The small, debased savages of California
found no counterpart here. In fact, all the Oregon Indians are still,
and were from the first, a fine race--tall and sturdy, and terrible in
war. Chief
Joseph,
who not long ago led Gens. Howard and Miles such a race when he started
for the frontier of Canada, is a fair example of the Oregon Indian.As the cars dash down Rogue River Valley, nearly all of which is now either a wheat field or a sheep pasture, you can see from the window to the right a very wonderful formation, which has a very wonderful history. It is a broad plateau with basalt walls, lifted many hundred feet in the air straight up from the flat valley surrounding it on all sides, and almost entirely inaccessible. This is called Battle Rock, and here the Indians entrenched themselves for their last desperate death struggle with the whites. [Not true.] When the world pauses long enough to catch its breath in this swift race for place and money, and has time to write and read of the history of the battles here, this wonderful formation on the face of nature will stand out very prominently in history, and, indeed, so will these early people of Oregon, as well as their valiant enemies, the Indians. How little the world knows of all those terrible days when the Indian signal fires of battle blazed from almost every mountaintop for hundreds of miles! Gen. Lane, sometimes called the Marion of he Mexican War--he who was on the ticket with Breckinridge for the Presidency--led the Oregonians in battle here and was badly hit while leading a charge up yonder steep and almost impregnable fortress of nature. At last, after a long and bloody war, the old Indian chief, with his gallant son, were taken prisoners by the Oregonians, and started on a ship to San Francisco to be incarcerated in the military dungeons of Alcatraz. The old chief had but one leg, having recently lost the other in battle, and his son was in irons. [It was the son who lost the leg--later.] But for all that, on the high seas, these two desperate red men rose up at night and captured the ship. However, as they could not manage her and were drifting on the rocks, they gave up the ship to the terrified captain, and finally committed suicide. [This is wildly inaccurate.] Tragedies! Tragedies! Tragedies all along here. This Oregon was one great battlefield more than once, and long before the world either knew or cared very much about this portion of our continent. Looking out of the car windows we see a good number of new houses on the pleasant, grassy hills, flocks of sheep, a great many cattle and horses. Plenty of quail fly all around us. A perfect roar of grouse drumming in the hills is heard, and squirrels are darting up and down nearly every tree. But the most conspicuous creature in all the land, and one that is ever present, is the jackrabbit. He has become not only a nuisance, but a calamity and a curse in Oregon. In some counties here he is slain by thousands, simply for the bounty paid for his ears. ----
All this comes of killing off the
Indians. So long
as the Indians lived, or were permitted to have some part of their
inheritance here, the wild beasts in the hills and the hares or rabbits
in the valleys made no trouble. But now there are large portions of
Oregon that are hardly habitable for the very abundance of good game.
Why, I remember, when a boy, how more than proud I was to bag a rabbit
in this region. Now, as I look out of the car window, I see their big
eyes, their big ears, their supple and pretty brown legs, flashing,
prancing, dancing under every bush of chaparral. They fairly waltz and
dance with delight to see the cars dart by. A little boy, who got in as
a way passenger, told me that they do not waste ammunition on these
big-eared fellows at all, but simply knock them over with clubs. Yet
bear in mind they are delicious food for the best part of the year.
What a paradise for these lazy people!Yes, I say to the homeless stranger far away, "Come and settle here." You can find plenty of land here unclaimed. I do not say that you will find the richest of land close to the railroad really waiting for you. But plenty of pure water, a mild and most healthful climate, plenty of wood--too much wood, in fact--game, as explained before, and grass as green as Erin all the year through for your cows. Bear in mind this is in extreme Southern Oregon. And please bear in mind also that Oregon is a very large state, with climate, soil and temperature of almost all altitudes and latitudes. But for a lazy man, or a man who cares only to hunt and fish and read and rest, I know of no land so entirely delightful and suitable as this spot here among the shiftless people of Southern Oregon, who refuse to wake up even for the scream of the new railroad. The fact is, they have lived so easily and lazily here ever since they drove the Indians out that, like the Mexicans, they have all gone down at the heel. JOAQUIN MILLER.
Oregonian,
Portland, May 1, 1887, page 2ON THE MISSION IN OREGON.
By Most Rev. Wm. H. Gross D.D. Jacksonville, Oregon, May 9th 1887.
Mr. John Gilmary Shea,Dear Esteemed Sir: Please excuse me for not acknowledging sooner the receipt of "Acts of the first Oregon Council,’" and your letter of April 1st--both were highly prized; please accept my most sincere thanks. I will endeavor to hunt up the documents which you request. The venerable Archbishop Blanchet left behind a mass of interesting notes on his labors in Oregon. There are still living some of his reverend companions of early days. They have a mass of anecdote to relate which always sparkles in a biography. I have endeavored to induce some one of my clergy to write the life of this holy pioneer of religion in our Northwest--while such interesting details may be easily procured. Indeed I would undertake that work myself--but my life is brimful of work. Indeed my missionary training as a Redemptorist has been a providence to fit me for the burdens necessary for my duties in this great wild state. Already I have crossed the mountains several times on the "buckboard"--and traveled over roads whose shocking condition baffles description. I have at times ridden sixty miles on a "buckboard"--and on reaching my destination preached the same evening. Two sermons a day is quite a common occurrence--and often I have preached four and five times in the day. I do not mind all this work--on the contrary, it is my pleasure, God gives me good health--and a robust constitution. I write you these lines in a little room which serves as the sacristy for the small frame church, and is also my bedroom, parlor, and study. A bright fire on the old-fashioned hearth will let you know that my Southern blood has not yet been nurtured up to a thickness requisite for an Oregon spring. The little town of Jacksonville is located in one of the many beautiful valleys of this state. The borders of this valley are fringed with low mountains One great big fellow, however, lifts up his lofty summit above the others, and is covered with perpetual snow. Draped in his great white robe, he looks proudly down on the verdant valley and green mountains below him. I recommend myself and poor diocese to your prayers--and remain Your truly, in Xto. Jesu,
American Catholic Historical Researches 1893, page 158. This letter from the Archives of Riggs Library, Georgetown College. Shea collection autographs, Case 4. WM. H. GROSS, C. SS. R. Archbishop of Oregon. In the beautiful Rogue River Valley, where the eye almost tires looking at the charming, undulating landscape, dotted very sparsely with houses, the ground covered with luxuriant grass and apparently offering unlimited opportunities for the farmer, cattleman or sheepman, it is noticeable that comparatively few cattle or sheep are to be seen. The casual observer, ignorant of the conditions and possibilities, is struck by this. Comparatively little appears to be under cultivation, although it is said much attention is now being paid to the growing of fruit. S. R. Frazier, "First Impressions," Oregonian, Portland, May 19, 1887, page 3
Last Sunday, as the shades of evening were falling behind stately hills
and over lovely dales, a company was made up for a handcar
excursion up the Rogue River from that nestled little hamlet, Gold
Hill. A. J. Barlow of the Barlow Hotel was master of ceremonies, the
balance of the company consisting of Mrs. Barlow, Mrs. Sampson, Sr.,
Mrs. Sampson, Jr., and son, Misses Julia Woods, Ada Emerick, Nellie
Barlow and little Dotta, W. P. Jacoby (postmaster), Wm. Stuart and the
writer. The ladies being seated on the platform, the masculine gender
proceeded to pull up a grade 60 feet to the mile for a point
six miles
distant from whence we could see the celebrated Table Rock standing out
in all its grandeur, a sublime relic of the master hand of creation.
"On
and up, where nature's heart
Mt.
McLoughlin gray and glum looks down upon us as much as to say, "you
never come to see me." Near the end of our journey, we passed out of
the richest iron ore in the world into a granite formation, passing
over the line which is as marked as the carpenter's scribe on a board.
We passed picturesque woods, sharp curves near the mad waters of a
turbulent stream lashing itself into foam; drank ice-cold spring water
and picked bouquets of wildflowers, but we did not sweat, for the
thermometer was not above 100. The master at last announces that we
have "gone far enough" and we turn back. The grade is steep and the car
almost runs itself. We are requested to "all sit down," which most of
us did; the two Mrs. Sampsons and Mrs. Barlow were sitting in front,
their feet almost touching the ties. On we go at a rapid speed, the
grain on every hand rustling in the breeze, the round outlines of the
hilltops lying against the clear horizon like huge wooden buttons on an
overgrown coat on whose broad sides the oak, fir and pine interlock,
and in whose branches the anxious bird watches its nest that we do not
approach too near. As darkness steals upon us, a peculiar feeling of
safety lurks in our mind, and we think of the fierce and ferocious
redskins who used to tread these very paths, the thought leading us off
into a deep reverie, when quick as a flash the feet of the ladies in
front are struck and a startling sound like the rattling of ten
thousand steel chains rings out upon the still air, producing much
terror in our company. We have run over one extremely large
rattlesnake--possibly two. A few minutes later we are at home again,
fully satisfied with the pleasures and excitement of the trip. Beats strongly amid the hill" "Local and Personal," Rogue River Courier, Grants Pass, June 3, 1887, page 3 THE CITY OF ASHLAND.
An Oregonian
representative had the pleasure of spending several days during the
latter part of January at Ashland, a thriving little city in Southern
Oregon, located in the far-famed Rogue River Valley, and in Jackson
County. All of the counties of Southern Oregon have their peculiar
advantages, and in any of them the settler can find a good home and
bountiful returns for his labors; but there are superior advantages and
attractions in Jackson County which make it a young paradise. It is
located in the extreme southern portion of the state and is hemmed in
by the Cascade Mountains on the east, the Coast Range on the west, the
Siskiyou Range on the south, and the Rogue River range on the north,
forming the watersheds which supply the waters of Rogue River and its
various tributaries, conditions to which this famed valley owes its
beauty and almost tropical fertility. The valley proper is about
forty-five miles in length, and from ten to twenty-five miles in width.
But into this valley open several smaller ones, all of which are
included under the general name of Rogue River Valley. It is said that
the river owes its name to the roguish, thieving and quarrelsome
propensities of the Indians who were so fortunate as to have pitched
their wigwams in this favored place.And the Famous Rogue River Valley. The valley has been settled for thirty years, but owing to its complete isolation has made but slow progress. However, many pleasant homes may be found here, and the greater portion of the valley is under cultivation. The surface of the country is comparatively level, gradually sloping on all sides towards the foothills, where it is more broken and generally uncultivated. The general appearance of the country is pleasing. It is dotted here and there by little groves of short, spreading oaks that resemble so many old orchards, and add very much to the picturesqueness of the valley. On the hills firs and small pines are mingled with the oak, and the intervening ground is covered with manzanita, chaparral and other species of brush. Rogue River is a rapid, rocky stream, and runs near the northern boundary of the valley. Bear Creek, Applegate and Butte creeks are tributaries of the main stream. The climate is almost perfection. The winters are very mild and the summers cool and pleasant, and the rainfall more evenly distributed throughout the year than in most of the coast country. Before the era of railroads agricultural and horticultural ventures were necessarily limited, but recently the farmers with their increased numbers and advantages have begun to launch out, and no one is more surprised than the "old Oregonian" himself at the wonderful capabilities of the soil. Wheat, oats, barley, corn, rye, potatoes, both Irish and sweet, and all kinds of vegetables are produced in the greatest abundance. And judging from present indications it is more than probable that in the near future the Rogue River Valley and adjacent foothills will become one vast fruit garden. Men who have interests in Southern California frankly confess in visiting this section that in point of soil and climate the Rogue River Valley carries off the prize. Apples, sometimes of enormous size, and always perfect in every respect, are here produced in the greatest abundance. Peaches of the choicest kind are grown with little care and expense. Pears, prunes, apricots, nectarines, plums, cherries, grapes, raspberries, strawberries, etc., grow so abundantly as to give promise of handsome profits to the fruit-growers. Almonds, English walnuts, black walnuts, and chestnuts also thrive here. To encourage fruit-growing, the Oregon & California Railroad have made special rates on fruit to Portland. The following are the rates fixed for this season: 30 cents per hundred by the carload; 40 cents in quantities less than a carload. Stock-raising and wool-growing are profitable industries throughout the valley, the mild climate and abundance of natural pasturage near at hand making it possible to produce fine stock at little expense. THE CITY OF ASHLAND
is
located at the southern terminus of the Oregon & California
Railroad and near the head of the Bear Creek arm of the Rogue River
Valley, being 345 miles from Portland and about twenty miles from the
California line. The present population is estimated at 1600 and is
rapidly increasing. The business establishments may be generally
summarized as follows: Five general merchandise stores, four groceries
and provisions, three hardware and tinware, two drugs and jewelry, two
furniture, three millinery, two planing mills, one woolen mill, one
bank, one photograph gallery, one second-hand store, five hotels, two
agricultural implements, two variety stores, two meat markets, four
blacksmith and wagon shops, five physicians, three lawyers, three real
estate agents. There is a free reading room well supplied, and four
churches--Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist and Dunkard; and one weekly
newspaper. There are two public schools, one of the buildings for which
was completed only a few weeks ago at a cost of $4000, besides the
state normal school.LEADING BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS.
The Ashland woolen mills is quite an extensive establishment, employing
from thirty to thirty-five people, using over 200,000 pounds of wool
per year and turning out about $50,000 worth of flannels, blankets,
yarns, socks, etc., annually. The concern is operated by a company and
is under the management of W. H. Atkinson.The Bank of Ashland is a solid institution with a capital stock of $50,000, with W. H. Atkinson president and E. V. Carter cashier, doing a general banking business. J. M. McCall is proprietor of the old Ashland store and is one of the pioneer merchants and leading business men of the place. He deals in general merchandise of all kinds, and is also interested in various manufacturing and other enterprises. G. F. Billings, the enterprising real estate agent, has a fine line of city and county property for sale at reasonable prices. Mr. B. is not one of your "booming" land agents, but tries in giving the advantages of Rogue River Valley to underestimate, instead of overestimating its advantages. Having resided in the county for years, one can easily find out his business reputation. He has the agency for some of the best insurance companies represented on this coast. George W. Stephenson is a stock dealer, and also owns a large livery and sale stable. FINE BLOODED STOCK.
One mile north of Ashland is the farm of W. C. Myer, who has handled
purebred stock for many years and whose numerous customers have been
more than satisfied with stock bought of him. At present he has one of
the best studs of horses to be found in the United States. As draft
horses he finds there are no equals to the Percheron family, combining,
as they do, size, action, form, docility, and finding ready buyers at
good prices. His Arabian Boy needs only to be seen to be admired. In
striking contrast to these large Percherons are the Shetland ponies--a
great favorite with all children. Doubtless Mr. Myer has the finest
herd of Jerseys (all A.J.C.C.H.R.) on the Pacific Coast. As a family
cow the Jersey has no equal. Mr. M. bases his success on three things:
Extra quality of stock, low prices and representing, when selling, each
animal's true merits.--Oregonian.Ashland Tidings, June 3, 1887, page 2 Beyond Butteville and between that place and Yreka, which we reached at seven o'clock in the morning, the country widens into a level valley. Forming its southern limits are the mountains that gather around Shasta, and to the north one looks upon the Siskiyou Range. Butteville, which contains a few houses and one hotel, stands at the outskirts of the forests that grow between it and Sisson's. The place has many attractive surroundings, and the view of Shasta, from near the hotel, is even better than from Sisson's. It was too dark to see anything of the country until we were nearly three-quarters of the way to Yreka, but on my first trip over the same route Butteville was our supper station, and for an hour after leaving it we could see Mt. Shasta and the faint outlines of the Siskiyous. On this second trip the valley was hid in darkness, and there was not even a suggestion of the scenes I could so well remember. At times B. fell asleep, and once the driver did too, and then, waking up suddenly, tried to make me believe that he had only been deeply thinking. Slowly the hours passed, and then morning came. The bright light made my eyes burn, and fight against it as I would, I had to catch fitful naps. It was too late now to see Shasta again. Where the peak should have been, there was only a thick mass of smoke and haze, and all around us was a barren, sandy plain, dotted over with sagebrush, glaringly white, and leading east and west to far-off mountains. Scores of rabbits, long-eared "jacks" and plump little "cottontails," hopped lazily out of sight, and before us, a white speck in the distance, was Yreka, the woebegone, half-awake place where we were to breakfast, and later on begin our daylight ride over the Siskiyous. On reaching the town we fled to the nearest hotel, had a scant breakfast, and were soon fast asleep in the stuffy little parlor. In two hours we were called and again began our journey. Once more the box seat was ours. The day was hot, the stage crowded, and the ride at first dull and uninteresting. Yreka is built on a hillside, and is, as I have said, a small sleepy town without an atom of interest. What it will be when the railroad reaches it I dare not prophesy. That it will have a boom I haven't a doubt. Indeed, it ought to, for if it sleeps any longer, it will soon be past waking up. There are some mines near it that will pay for working, when the transportation of ore is possible, and the valley which the town overlooks is susceptible of high cultivation. But so far, the village and its country have been neglected, and the only thing that makes me remember the place is the view we had from its outskirts of Mt. Shasta. Looking far off over the valley up which we had driven in the night, and across the forests through which our road had led, we saw the white peak of our good old friend. It looked taller, more massive, whiter and more beautiful than ever, and when at last we lost sight of it and turned our faces towards the range we were soon to cross, we felt as though saying goodbye to an old companion who had made our days the pleasanter by his presence. It is so difficult to give the true coloring to a description of any scene or place that I am tempted to omit altogether speaking of our ride over the Siskiyou range. It is impossible for me to do full justice to the pleasure it gave us. There was a constant succession of peculiarly beautiful mountain views, and each one seemed more replete with interest than the other. Soon after leaving Yreka we followed a road that swept around the brow of low, bare hills, and then turned towards the mountains, and began a long, hard climb up their steep slopes. For dinner we stopped at an old farmhouse, where a plain bill of fare was served in a long, low dining room. It was a good, wholesome meal, and it tasted so strangely like New England that I asked our hostess if she had not been born in the East. Yes, she said, and had lived there nearly all her life. Then her husband caught the California craze, and they had drifted westward to the farm they now occupied. The man of the house, who collected the half-dollars, looked to me like the decidedly lesser half of the establishment. On asking the driver about him, he said he didn't amount to much and was generally considered a "mean sort o' cuss." I must confess that he looked it, and he certainly did not keep his farm in good order. For a few hours after dinner we drove lazily through rough and, at times, cultivated fields and along the outskirts of some small country villages, crossed several small streams, and followed the windings of narrow valleys, in some of which we saw a few Chinamen washing for gold. Years ago, so the driver said, the country produced a large amount of ore, and was most active. But at last the placer camps were forsaken, except by the Chinese, and the population of the towns rapidly decreased. It was fearfully hot early in the afternoon, but by keeping our umbrella up we were made fairly comfortable, and as soon as we had left the valleys and gained a higher elevation the air grew deliciously cool. It was uphill work all the way. Our four horses pulled their hardest, and our progress was slow. After getting well up among the foothills the views became more extended, the eye taking in at a glance a vast area of lowlands and uplands, valley and mountains, and a variety of coloring that it would have done an artist good to see. On nearing the steepest part of the road, where it approaches the top of the range, we changed horses and started afresh with six instead of four. There was a long stretch of down grade before us after this stop, and our horses made this on the run, the leaders entering into the spirit of the fun, and even the steady wheelers settling into a rapid canter. They knew, I think, it was their first, last and only frolic, and that for the rest of the journey they had got to work with a will and together. If they did not know this, they soon discovered it, for before long the grade was reversed, and for miles ahead the road wound sharply upward, and was so steep in one place that we all dismounted so as to lighten the load. We now, in good earnest, were climbing the mountains. Forests were on either side of us, huge cliffs towered above, and deep gulfs yawned beside us. Every headland had its trees, and tall pines grew in places so rocky that we wondered how the roots ever found room to grow. When nearly at the summit we came to where the driver lived. His home was built of logs and overlooked a deep ravine, down which we could look to where the valley beyond Yreka lay basking in the sunlight. As we drew near the place three sturdy, bare-legged children ran down the road to meet us, and when we stopped at the house, the driver put them on the stage-top with us, so that they might ride a bit with their father. "It's about all the chance they have to see me," he said. "I ain't home much, but pass here every day, an' they always take a ride." Then he told us how he happened to build in so isolated a spot. It was because he liked the mountains and always wanted to get to them whenever he had a vacation. He would "lay off," he said, in about a week, and then he and his boys were going to take a hunting trip. His wife would go too, for she liked camp life as well as the rest. There was no end of hunting and fishing to be had. The woods were full of game, and you could get anything from a bird to a bear. At the summit, where we could see over into the valleys of Oregon, the children left us. Then the brakes were locked after, and we began our descent. Taking one long last look at California, from the extreme southern end of which we had so slowly made our way, we turned our faces northward and dropped down into Oregon. I hardly know which was the more interesting, the going up or the going down the steep, tree-grown Siskiyous. In doing both we had much enjoyment. The down grade was fully as steep as the other, and we went so fast that once or twice I felt like walking, so as to vary the monotony and save my bones. The way we swung around sharp corners and swept past the edges of the ravines made us hold our breath. But the driver said there was no danger, and when we thought we could do nothing to avert it if there were, we gave up being timid and enjoyed the novelty of the drive. Every few minutes we had glimpses of Oregon. It lay at our feet almost, and the broad Rogue River Valley, to which we were bound, looked like a yellow sea as we saw it through openings among the green forests. At first the hills guarding this valley were far below us, but by degrees, as we descended, their tops came on a level with us, and then were high above us. At sundown, when the forests had already begun to grow dark, we came to level fields once more, and were soon in sight of Ashland. Before reaching it, however, we stopped at a farmhouse for supper. Tired, but still enthusiastic, we left our seats and walked in the garden until called in to partake of the good things prepared for us. The air was cool and the evening quiet. Nearby were orchards and meadows; in the garden were beds of bright flowers. Every object suggested rest and peace. Birds were singing their evening carols; some chickens had gone to roost in the branches of neighboring trees. As for the house itself, the vines half hid its time-stained veranda, and tall blackberry bushes grew beside its doorways. For an hour we rested, eating our supper in a neat, low-ceilinged room, and afterwards driving slowly off to the new town that has in the past few years firmly settled itself in Southern Oregon. Edwards Roberts, "A Western Summer," The Evening Post, New York City, July 13, 1887, page 3 Ashland is a modest little town with great expectations. It is built on a group of low hills, and runs over the levels at their base. When I first saw the place it was considerably smaller than it now is, and not so thrifty and well-to-do. But time in Southern Oregon, as in other parts of the West, sees wonderfully rapid progress in all things, and Ashland at present is enjoying its season of prosperity. It was dark when we rode into town, but at the post office, where the stage stopped, there was a crowd of people, and the square was well lighted by gas lamps. I wish I could say of Ashland that its one hotel is comfortable and pleasant. But the truth must be told, or someday I shall be taken to task for chronicling things that are not so. Let me say at once then that the inn is a small, dilapidated tavern where one can get fairly good things to eat, but where he will find almost nothing else. We were too tired, however, to care much, and the following day was so cool, and the views around Ashland were so picturesque and interesting that we forgot the hotel and had a most enjoyable time. The train for Portland which we were to take did not leave until evening. We were just too late to take it on our arrival, hence our visit to the places that I shall always think of with some degree of satisfaction. Someone had said that we should find fearfully hot weather in Ashland, but we did not. The air was wonderfully fresh, and a cool breeze was blowing all day. Taking the camera, that quiet little friend that had drawn into its dark chamber all the views we had so far seen and like, we went out early in the morning, and leaving the busiest parts of the town, wandered past an old mill to a cañon leading among the hills. A noisy stream flowed down the center of the narrow ravine, and on its banks grew a profusion of trees, oaks and sycamores, that gave a refreshing shade. From the cañon we went up one of the hills and took a bird's-eye view of the town. The scattered cottages, in nearly every instance surrounded by trees, looked very toy-like from where we stood, and we could see far up and across the great valley of the Rogue River--a valley that is now attracting much attention as a rich fruit country. It is well watered and is shut in by low hills that even now are beginning to show their patches of orchards and plowed fields. Those most intimately acquainted with the Rogue River country are enthusiastic admirers of it, and tell great stories about its future possibilities. It lies at the extreme southern end of Oregon, and is traversed by the Oregon and California Railroad, which now makes Ashland its terminus. The land is mostly level from the river back to the hills. The soil is of great depth and is prolific of fruits. The valley is already famous for its orchards, those of the pear, peach and apple being now a conspicuous feature in the landscape. The winters here are cold, but short, and the summers are never oppressively hot. The fruits are not so large as in California, but are more luscious, apples and pears particularly. When the new road is completed, Ashland should become a great fruit center. Lands are rapidly being planted with plums and cherries, and some have started vineyards, in which the hardier grapes are doing remarkably well. The picking season had already begun at the time of our visit, and in the orchards were heaps of apples and pears waiting to be packed for shipment. In some of the gardens we found wonderfully high berry bushes laden with fruit. Contrasted with some other Western scenes, the country about Ashland seemed delightfully tame and natural and subdued. There was exquisite blending of colors, and the orchards, with their long rows of trees and apple heaps, made a lovely picture. It is nearly 500 [sic] miles from Ashland to Portland, but the ride is through a country of such fascinating interest that one forgets to be tired. After supper, and while it was yet daylight, we drove to the station and went aboard the waiting car. In the twilight we moved down the quiet valley. Then, at last, the darkness shut it out of sight, and we had a long sleep while our train pushed on towards Portland. In the morning we were in the famous Willamette Valley. Edwards Roberts, "A Western Summer," The Evening Post, New York City, July 19, 1887, page 3 A PROMISING REGION.
An Oregon County's Rich Resources. MINERALS, WOOD AND STONE. A Fertile Soil, Adapted to the Growth of Fruits and All Farm Products. Medford (Or.) Transcript.
Jackson County
is bounded on the south by the Siskiyou Mountains and Siskiyou County,
Cal., on the east by the Cascade Mountains and Klamath County, on the
north by the Rogue River Mountains, and west by the fourth standard
parallel west and Josephine County. It is eight townships, or
forty-eight miles, wide, east and west, and an average of nine
townships, or fifty-four miles, north and south. The area contains 2592
square miles, in other words 1,658,880 acres. Of this amount 280,000
acres are in cultivation, which can be enlarged to a total of 500,000
acres more. Dividing the 1,658,880 into three parts, one-third is
arable land, one-third grazing land and one-third timber land. The
arable land comprises the valley, table and rolling hill lands. The
grazing comprise the lands too arid and hills too steep for general
cultivation, which are generally sparsely covered with scattering
timber. The timber lands comprise the stones of the mountains, the more
rugged hills and canyons, and some lands along the watercourses.
Rogue River rises in the Cascade Mountains in the north corner of the county, not far from the famous Crater Lake, and flows southeasterly diagonally across four and a half townships, then bending a little more southward, runs through two and a half townships, and thence runs nearly due west to the Pacific Ocean. Its waters being supplied by melted snow, they are cold and pure. Its course is often obstructed by some rocky bluff or spur, giving it a very meandering course. It runs with a bold, dashing current, passing over numerous rapids and cataracts, which afford fine opportunity for utilizing its waters for manufacturing purposes. The principal tributaries to the Rogue River are its South Fork, Big and Little Butte, Bear and Applegate creeks, while on the north side are Button, Elk, Stearns, Sams and Trail creeks. Each one of these watercourses and its numerous tributaries is the nucleus of a series of valleys and tablelands, separated from its neighboring valleys by a range of hills of greater or less extent. Properly speaking this great basin of Rogue River is not a valley, but a series of valleys, tablelands and hills, mixed and commingled in wild, romantic confusion, apt to bewilder and mislead the novice to erroneous conclusions. Many have been mistaken by supposing that a certain range of hills was the limit of the valley land. Under such conditions it is well for immigrants to spend two or three weeks time and visit various portions of the country. In its climate this delightful region has the combined advantages of other sections without the accompanying drawbacks. It enjoys the warmth of summer and frosts of winter without extremes in either. Having rainfall ample for all purposes, it escapes the continued winter rains of the Willamette Valley. The annual rainfall ranges from eighteen to thirty inches, averaging about twenty-five inches. The extreme limit of the thermometer in summer is 100 degrees, though it seldom reaches 85 degrees, while in winter it seldom sinks as low as 10 degrees below zero, the average for winter being 40 degrees and in summer 60 degrees. Snow falls in winter to the depth of from one to three inches, and occasionally a little deeper, but seldom remains but a few hours or days at most. This is in the valley, at an altitude of from 1200 to 1600 feet. In the mountains and valleys having greater altitude there is more snow than ice. It rains earlier in the fall and later in the summer, so that a person can select such conditions in climate as will suit his fancy. The climate is tempered by local causes. We are situated in a great basin, only about sixty miles from the Pacific Ocean. This basin, or valley, is drained by streams which have their sources in the icy canyons and snow-clad peaks forming its outer wall. Now, when the sun's rays in the summer send the mercury up to 100 degrees, the cold streams flowing through the valley from these snow-covered and ice-bound mountainsides bring with them a current of cold air, which at once enters the warm air and modifies its temperature. Moreover, three or four warm days are sufficient to cause the trade winds of the north to sweep down the coast from Alaska, to break over the trend of the coast at the exit of the Umpqua and Rogue rivers and Coos Bay, and follow up these streams, pour their cooling draughts of moist, fresh air into the warm, dry air of the valley. These causes, working in harmony, keep up a continued circulation, and removing all sultriness, leave the air invigorating and healthy. While these causes moving along down the babbling brooks or floating on the zephyrs of the wind give us our admirable climate in summer, others as noiseless but no less potent save us from extremes in winter. The summers are long and dry, during which time the winter recedes from the earth's surface to a greater or less extent. In the meantime the earth becomes warm to a considerable depth, so that when winter approaches and snow essays to cast her white ermine over the land and frost bite the air, the latent heat of the earth melts the snow and dissipates the frost. To aid this we have the warm air of the Gulf Stream blown in upon us by the southeast winds. Other causes of less note combine with these in producing the various climate phenomena so acceptable to all. Thus favored we have no long, inclement winters or hot, sultry summers. Storms, tornadoes and cyclones, which visit other countries and scatter destruction and death in their track, are here unknown. Spring, summer, autumn and winter, seed time and harvest, come and go in regular succession, but the transition from one to the other is so gradual that one fails to note the end of one or the beginning of the other. The great diversity of soils and the admixture of the elements composing one class of soil with those of another grade renders it exceedingly difficult, in the space at our demand, to describe it so that one not acquainted with its peculiarities and the climatic influences can form a rational conclusion concerning its merits. The soil of all sections of country seems to be adapted to the climate, or the climate to the soil. These two conditions seem to be admirably adjusted here. There is no frost to loosen up or pulverize the mineral elements, but this work is done by chemical action caused by the admixture found in nearly every grade of soil. Nothing more astonishes the novice than the crops found growing on lands which appear to him as of little worth. This is a peculiar country, and its soils are not less remarkable. To classify as nearly as possible consistent with brevity, we have bottom, prairie, adobe, granite and sand and clay soils. The bottom land is found along the rivers and creeks; the prairie soil on the prairie or tablelands; the adobe on the plains, tablelands and hills; the sand, clay and loam in all parts of the valley. Besides these, we have along the hillsides a marl of a reddish cast, in which decomposed granite, feldspar, mica, chloride of iron, clay and vegetable mold have been ground together by continual washing down the hillsides. This soil seems to be specially adapted to grapes and peaches, but will also produce all other fruits or grains desired. Jackson County has 1,658,880 acres of timber, grazing, mineral and agricultural land. From this land may be produced all that is necessary for the support of beasts and men. Her vast forests, comprising every variety of wood necessary for the wants of a ripe civilization, await the echo of the woodman's ax, the buzz of the saw, the mellow hum of the planer and the merry clatter of arms of iron and fingers of steel. To aid the advance of civilization and give it permanency, there are stored large banks of potter's clay, beds of cement, veins of coal, quarries of limestone, sandstone, marble and granite, mountains of iron sufficient to belt a continent, and mines of gold capable of yielding, when developed, circulating medium for a grand, prosperous commonwealth. Wheat, rye, oats and barley grow well on all soils and yield fine crops. The straw is generally bright and clean, free from rust and mildew; the grain fills plump and well matured. Owing to this fact our wheat is sought after and always commands the highest market price. The best lands will average 30 to 35 bushels of wheat and from 40 to 50 bushels of oats per acre. Common grade land will average 20 to 25 bushels of wheat and 35 to 40 bushels of oats per acre. Fields under good culture often produce from 50 to 60 bushels of wheat per acre and a corresponding amount of oats. Hitherto fruit culture has received but little attention, a limited home consumption being the only market offered. But the advent of the railroad, giving shipping facilities to the outside world, has caused this industry to bud with new life. There is certainly a promising field open to anyone to embark in this industry. The great Northwest must draw its grapes, peaches and other fine fruits from this section, or others less favorably situated. During the past four years there have been a large number of choice fruit trees set out. The product from this will give birth to canneries and dryhouses which in time will offer a market for the fruit. The seasons are propitious. Trees grow well and bear a bountiful crop. It is the opinion of persons well informed that the extensive leads of magnetic iron found at Gold Hill and vicinity are amply sufficient to warrant a sure and profitable return for capital invested in preparing the iron for the markets of the world. While the ore exists in apparently inexhaustible quantities, other essential elements and natural facilities are equally abundant and easily utilized. Among these may be mentioned inexhaustible quarries of sandstone, granite and marble for building purposes, never-failing supply of lime and stone coal, grand forests of timber, and the privileges of magnificent water power. Rogue River, the principal river of Jackson County, rising in the western slope of the Cascade Mountains, flows across the full breadth of the county, piercing the backbone at or near Gold Hill, and exposing to view the extensive body of iron ore above mentioned. Along the headwaters of this river and its tributaries has grown, and now remains in all its native grandeur, a forest of the finest quality of timber, comprising yellow pine, sugar pine, white and red fir, and various other woods. Jackson County has three incorporated towns, Jacksonville, Ashland and Medford. Jacksonville is the county seat of Jackson County, is pleasantly located at the foothills, five miles from Medford and the Oregon and California Railroad. Jacksonville contains a population of about 900 souls. Has fine school and church privileges. Ashland, a thriving town, is located in the southern part of the valley, against the foothills of the Siskiyou Mountains. It is pleasantly located, has fine school and church privileges, and at the present time has a population of 1500 schools. Medford is on the main stem of the Oregon and California Railway, about midway between Portland and San Francisco. It has had a growth that is both substantial and permanent, and is today a wide-awake, thrifty little city. Situated, as it is, in the midst of the best and most attractive portion of Southern Oregon, in the heart of Bear Creek Valley. where the soil, climate and water are the best, there is no tangible reason why the prosperity and progress of Medford should not continue. San Francisco Chronicle, August 11, 1887, page 7 The valley of the Rogue River is a wide reach of fertile country about fifty miles long, north and south, and from five to twenty miles wide. Here there is a wholly different climate and a variety of production different from that of the more northerly country. The soil, too, is different, a coarse, rich, granite sand, distinct from the alluvial muck of the Willamette. The higher temperature is seen in forests of sugar pine which crown the heights and shrub growths, which makes the country look more like California than Oregon. Turning to the artificial growths, one sees a vast change from the appearance of the Willamette. Wheat, oats, barley, etc. are familiar enough, but the field waving with corn, the hillsides covered with grape vines, the orchards of peach trees and fields of melons, bespeak a kindlier air. This country is under a warmer sun. In climatic as in geographical sense it is the middle ground between Oregon and California. The Rogue River Valley lies chiefly in the county of Jackson, but the same climatic conditions extend over its sister shire of Josephine County. A large share of the Rogue River lies, in fact, in Josephine County, and besides this central valley, in both Jackson and Josephine, there are innumerable lesser valleys with vast ranges of foothill and elevated rolling country, suitable for agriculture, sheep and general stock. While every sort of farming prospers here, the abundance and excellence of the fruit is specially noticeable. Grapes, which cannot be excelled for the qualities requisite for wine making, grow in utmost profusion, peaches of the rarest flavor, apricots, apples, pears and small fruits--all thrive amazingly. It is a fruit farmer's paradise. The resources of the district are not alone in agriculture and kindred pursuits. Gold and silver are and for many years have been regular products of the country. Millions of dollars have been taken from the hills, and mining continues the second if, indeed, not the first of the productive industries of the country. Within the mountain ranges there are vast deposits of marble, lime rock, granite, and the darker building stones. Forests of many choice varieties, sugar pine, cedar, fir, myrtle, etc. clothe the hillsides, the mountains and the watercourses, and afford a resource which already employs a considerable capital and many hundreds of workmen. Again we can find no better illustration of the development of the country than is afforded by the figures of production which for the year just closed are approximately as follows: Number of acres under cultivation 750,000, pounds of wool 140,000, bushels wheat 280,000, bushels oats 120,000, bushels barley and rye 110,000, tons hay 20,000, bushels corn 110,000, pounds butter and cheese 140,000, pounds tobacco 350, hops 5200 pounds, bushels potatoes 60,000, bushels apples 150,000, bushels prunes and plums 17,000, ounces gold dust 4000. Within three years the isolation which has always bound this great region, in many particulars the most attractive in the state of Oregon, has been broken by the extension of the Oregon & California Railroad through its entire length. The direct connection with Portland, thus secured, has already proved a great benefit, and a still further advantage is expected upon the completion of a short gap, which will soon open a direct connection with San Francisco. Southern Oregon will then have choice of markets, both buying and selling, and all the benefit which results from competition. The chief towns of this section, Jacksonville and Ashland, enjoy some importance as depots of trade with counties both to the east and west. The counties of Klamath and Lake deal extensively with these towns, while to the west Curry County is a regular customer. Manufacture, too, availing itself of the natural power, has made a start, and with so many raw materials at hand, is destined to be an important factor of the country. "Southern Oregon," Democratic Times, Jacksonville, November 18, 1887, page 1 SOUTHERN OREGON.
T. B. Merry, in a recent issue of the Sunday Mercury, writes:
I have just got home from a trip into the last ditch of the Argonauts--Jackson County. It is more Californian in character today than any part of California, except Siskiyou County, perhaps. To leave Portland in the midst of a pouring shower, as I did last Saturday afternoon, and to find myself twenty-four hours later on a hillside back of Medford, 350 miles south of here, was almost a revelation. The Rogue River Valley is the Tyrol of America, and it never looked half as beautiful to me as it did this time. It is nearly nineteen years since I first looked upon it, and it only grows brighter and more lovely with age. You all know how autumn gives a peculiarly blue tinge to the mountains and an orange haze to the atmosphere. I never saw these tints as perfect as they were in the Rogue River country last Monday. It seemed but a step across the valley to the broad Table Rocks that lay opposite the mouth of Bear Creek, and but a mile or two further to the great snowy sugar loaf of Mount Pitt that reared its tempest-clad cone into the azure and kissed each passing cloud. From Grants Pass to the foot of the Siskiyous there is but little profit in grain culture, even for the thriftiest Yankee or the canniest of Scots. The distance to tidewater is so great, Portland being nearly as far off as San Francisco, that the land carriage on wheat, oats or barley would eat the head off a crop that yielded sixty bushels to the acre. But Jackson County is a great pork-producing section, for the reason that she has a very extensive acorn mast on her evergreen oak trees, thus enabling hogs to run out and keep fat till November before being fed any grain to harden them up for the market. When a man goes through our Portland wholesale grocery stores and sees the Cedar Rapids hams and Sioux City sides of bacon that are hauled hither 2,500 miles by rail, it does seem as if we ought to find some market for the sleek and well-fed porkers that are roaming the oak-dotted grain fields of Jackson and Josephine counties. They will be more apt, however, to find ready purchasers in San Francisco, being far superior to the scurvy hogs that are grown and fatted in the Sacramento Valley. A man who raises grapes for the wine factories in Sonoma or Napa generally gets from three to three and a half tons per acre. This averages, one year with another, twelve dollars per ton. Now admit, for the sake of argument, that Jackson or Josephine County will not produce over two and a half tons of grapes to the acre and that the vineyard owner cannot get over ten dollars per ton for them. This gives him twenty-five dollars per acre as the result of his year's labor. Now what could that same farmer do if he produced forty bushels of wheat on the same acre of ground, which is over the average? He could not ship his wheat to San Francisco or Portland and get over thirty-eight cents per bushel net out of it after paying freight and charges, which would leave him fifteen dollars and twenty cents as the result of his year's work on each acre. I hope to live to see the day that Jackson and Josephine counties are one continuous vineyard from Grants Pass to Ashland, and barely raise enough grain for home consumption. If there is a domestic tyranny in the world, it is this thing of obliging everybody to grow wheat for a living. It places the farm under the control of everybody but the farmer. The railroad man gets the lion's share of the husbandman's profit, and the sack manufacturers and the ship owner get the rest of it. And after that the man who tills the soil takes the beggarly remnant that is left. Democratic Times, Jacksonville, November 25, 1887, page 1 INCLUDING SIX COUNTIES--A RICH AND VARIED COUNTRY.
What is called Southern Oregon includes the four counties of
Jackson, Josephine, Coos and Curry west of the Cascade Mountains, and
Klamath and Lake counties east of the Cascades, and adjoining the
California line. The territory thus included is about one-fifth of the
superficial area of the state. This great district includes three
distinct climates. Coos and Curry counties, which lie next to the
ocean, have the coast climate, described above as characteristic of
Clatsop and Tillamook. Jackson and Josephine, which lie within the
basin of the Rogue River, compassed about with mountains, have a
climate of their own, dryer than western Oregon, yet not so dry as the
climate of California. In summer they lie under a warmer sun than their
northerly neighbors. Klamath and Lake counties are in the elevated
country east of the Cascade Mountains and suffer, if not extremes,
severities of cold never experienced west of the great ridge.
----
Oregonian,
Portland, January 2, 1888, page 9JACKSON.
Jackson, the
most populous and wealthy of the southern counties, takes in almost
completely the large and fruitful valley of the Rogue River, with the
converging uplands on every side and a large area of rolling and
mountainous country. The great feature of the county is the valley,
which is about sixty miles long, and varying in width from two to
twenty miles. The climate of Jackson County approaches, without
reaching the semi-tropical, and is highly favorable to a sort of
production which in the colder western Oregon regions needs the most
careful nursing. Corn, peaches, grapes, etc. here grow in perfection
and abundance. The country is especially adapted to fruit. Until three
years go the county was wholly destitute of transportation excepting
such as was afforded by wagon on a mountain road, and this fact will
explain its slow development. Since the extension of the Oregon
&
California road in 1884, progress has been wonderful. Population has
greatly increased; the area of cultivated land has been largely
extended. In orcharding especially there has been marked progress,
hundreds of thousands of orchard trees having been planted within the
past twelve months. So great has been the development that to give the
figures of production furnished by the state census of 1885, without
comparative figures of later date which are not available, would be
misleading. The range of production, as shown by the census, includes
wool, wheat, oats, barley, rye, corn, hay, dairy products, tobacco,
hops, fruits, lumber and gold. Mining is an important industry in
Jackson County.
Returns for 1887 show the school population of Jackson County to be 3743. There are seventy-three teachers and during the year $18,500.42 was expended for maintenance of the public schools. But these are not the only schools in the county. At Ashland there is a college chartered by the state as a normal school, and there is an excellent school at Jacksonville independent of the public support. Jacksonville and Ashland are the chief towns of the county. The former is the county seat. The latter has a fine water power which is practically applied in a woolen mill, flour mill and sash factory. Medford, a town created by the railroad seven miles from Jacksonville, has made great progress and bids fair to rival the older towns. The following figures are from the assessment roll for 1887:
Value
Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,156,763 Horses, 4432 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,700 Cattle, 11,547 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162,852 Sheep, 16,021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,897 Swine, 9,307 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,700 Gross property valuation . . . . . . . . $3,221,100 JACKSON COUNTY.
The following is a brief and concise description of Jackson County, and
Rogue River Valley in particular, which we copy from a descriptive
pamphlet issued by Silas J. Day, a real estate agent at Jacksonville.
Its statements can be relied upon, as they are not overdrawn and are
made by one who is a pioneer and knows what he is writing about:
BOUNDARIES
OF JACKSON COUNTY.
Democratic Times, Jacksonville,
January 6, 1888, page 1
Jackson County is bounded on the south by the state line between
California and Oregon, which runs near the summit of the Siskiyou
Mountains, on the east by Klamath County, Oregon, which boundary runs
near the summit of the Cascade Mountains, on the north by Douglas
County, Oregon, which line runs through the Rogue River Mountains, on
the west by Josephine County, Oregon. The county is forty-eight miles
wide, east and west, with an average length of fifty-four miles, north
and south. This area contains 2592 square miles, or 1,658,880 acres. Of
this amount 280,000 are in cultivation, which can be enlarged to a
total of 550,000 acres. One-third of the county is available arable
land; the
other two-thirds are timber and grazing lands. The arable land
comprises the valley, table and rolling hill lands. The grazing land
comprises the bald hills, which are too steep for general cultivation,
and the elevated mountain lands, which are sparsely covered with
timber. The timber lands comprise the slopes of the mountains
(principally on the north side), the more rugged hills and canyons, and
some lands along the watercourses. About one-third of the land of the
county is timber land.
ROGUE
RIVER.
Rogue River Valley, which is principally in Jackson County, is the
basin that is drained by Rogue River and its tributaries. The principal
tributaries of Rogue River are Applegate, Bear, Big Butte, Little Butte
and Evans creeks.Rogue River enters the county near the northeast corner and flows southwesterly, diagonally across four and a half townships, then bending a little more southward, runs through two and a half townships, and thence runs nearly due west to the Pacific Ocean. Applegate rises in the southwest corner of the county and flows in a northeasterly direction about twenty miles, then bends northwesterly and flows into Rogue River in Josephine County. Big and Little Butte creeks have their source near the east boundary of the county, and flow in a northwesterly course and intersect Rogue River near the center of the county. Bear Creek has its source near the southeast corner of the county, and flows in a northwesterly course through the best body of agricultural land in Rogue River Valley, and intersects Rogue River at what was formerly Fort Lane. Evans Creek rises near the north boundary of the county and flows in a southwesterly course, and intersects Rogue River near the boundary line between Jackson and Josephine counties. PHYSICAL
FEATURES.
Along each of these watercourses and their numerous tributaries are
valleys of variable extent, which are usually separated by a low range
of hills and table lands. The principal body of true valley land in the
Rogue River Basin lies northeast and east of Jacksonville. If a line be
projected northeast from Jacksonville, it would pass over fifteen miles
of level valley land before intersecting the range of hills on the
opposite side of the valley. Then if a line be projected east from
Jacksonville, it would pass over seven miles of level valley land
before intersecting the range of hills in that direction. The
last-mentioned line would cross the valley near Medford. Then if a line
be projected southeasterly from Medford, it would pass over twenty
miles of valley land before intersecting any hills of consequence.Rogue River Valley lies in the midst of scenery of surpassing beauty. Looking from the summit of the hills west of the valley we see fields of green and gold spread out before us, with Bear Creek, fringed with evergreen trees, hurrying on to mingle its waters with the sea. To the northeast we see Rogue River entering the valley, also fringed with evergreen trees. Then for a background we have the dark green of the Cascade Mountains, from which rises Mount Pitt, towering above all with its mantle of perpetual snow. There are along all of the tributaries of Rogue River valleys which cannot be seen from the main valley. A person passing along the line of the railroad would conclude that the land immediately in sight was all the land of value in the Rogue River Basin, but if he would proceed in any direction which his fancy might dictate, he would find, after passing over a low range of hills, other smaller valleys. Through each of these flows a stream of purest mountain water, with orchards, gardens and grain fields on either side. HEALTH.
Rogue River Valley is considered one of the most healthful localities
on the Pacific coast. To illustrate: We will say that among a number of
200 scholars enrolled in our public school, here in Jacksonville, not a
single death has occurred in six years. There is some malaria along the
streams in the lower parts of the valley, but none along the foothills.
Jacksonville is situated on the edge of the foothills, about 200 feet
in elevation above the lower parts of the valley, and is considered the
most healthful locality in the county.CLIMATE.
The climate of Rogue River Valley is a mean between that of the
Willamette Valley and California, as we have neither the excessive
rains of the former nor the parching droughts of the latter. We do not
have the blizzards of the western states [i.e., the Midwest]
or the destructive heats of the eastern. The average mean temperature
for the month of July for six years was 72 degrees above zero, for the
month of January 33 degrees above zero. The thermometer has never been
known to reach zero in this valley since it has been settled by the
whites.Destructive wind storms never visit us. During the summer months we have light thundershowers, but they are not accompanied with the high winds of the western states. The principal part of the plowing is done in the months of November, December, January, February and March, and seeding is done in all of the winter months. After a residence of thirty-five years in this valley, we will say that we do not believe the climate can be excelled. The rainfall averages about 26 inches per annum. The principal part of this falls during the months of November, December, January, February, March and April. SCHOOLS.
We have fifty-four school districts in this county. The smaller have
school from three to six months in the year, the larger nine months in
the year. Our common schools are equal to those of any other state in
the Union. The teachers in the larger districts come from the best
normal schools of the eastern states, and teach according to the best
methods used in the older states.The students from this county take higher rank at the state university than those from any other county in the state, and the larger part of the students who have entered that institution from this county have been prepared for such entry in the Jacksonville district school. MINES.
The principal mines of Jackson County are situated northwest, west and
southeast of Jacksonville. The principal mining camps are Blackwell,
Willow Springs, Galls Creek, Sardine Creek, Kanes Creek, Foots Creek,
Jackson Creek and its tributaries, Forest Creek, Poormans Creek,
Applegate and its tributaries, and Sterling Creek. All the country
northwest, west and northeast of Jacksonville is gold-bearing, and
mining is at present carried on in all of the above-named mining
districts. A large number of gold-bearing quartz ledges are situated
west of Jacksonville, on Jackson Creek.TOWNS.
Jacksonville, Ashland and Medford are incorporated towns. Talent,
Phoenix, Central Point, Gold Hill and Woodville are stations on the
O.&C. Railroad.JACKSONVILLE.
Jacksonville is the county seat of Jackson County. It is the oldest
town in the valley. It is located on the western side of the valley,
four and three-fourths miles from the O.&C. Railroad. Every
line of
mercantile business is conducted here with full stocks of goods. The
merchants are usually able to discount their bills, and buy their goods
by carload lots; hence goods can be bought as cheap, if not cheaper,
than on the line of the railroad. It has a population of 1000. It has
three churches, a large public school; also an academy, conducted by
the Sisters of Charity. The latter institution, being the only Catholic
school in the county, is well patronized.It has a bank, which does a general banking business, also a large steam flouring mill. The principal buildings are the courthouse, public school house, Sisters' Academy, town hall, and the halls of the orders of Masons, Odd Fellows and Red Men. The town contains thirty brick buildings. The courthouse, recently built and furnished at a cost of $39,000, is a fine, large structure, substantially built of brick and stone, complete in all its appointments, and elaborately furnished in the most approved style. The best body of agricultural land in the valley joins Jacksonville on the east and northeast. Immediately on the west the mines begin. All kinds of produce is bought here, also the principal part of the gold dust that is produced in the county. ASHLAND.
This town is situated in the southeastern portion of the valley on the
foothills of the Siskiyou Mountains. It has a population of about 1500.
It has the only woolen factory in the valley. Its mercantile and
business houses represent every line of trade. It has four churches.
Its churches and public schools are in a prosperous condition. Ashland
Creek, which flows through the town, furnishes water power to run a
grist mill, woolen factory and other machinery. It has a system of
water works, which give good protection to the business portion of the
town against fire.MEDFORD.
Medford is situated on the O.&C. Railroad, four and
three-fourths
miles east of Jacksonville, and is the depot for that town. Its
population is about 600. It has two churches and a large public school
house. Its mercantile and business houses represent nearly every line
of trade. The town has been built since the completion of the
O.&C.
Railroad.CENTRAL
POINT.
This newly built town is situated four and a half miles northeast of
Jacksonville, on the O.&C. Railroad. It is situated in the most
central part of the valley, and is surrounded by good agricultural
land. It is favorably located to be a lively trade center.ALTITUDE.
Central Point, which is situated near the main center of the valley, in
the Rogue River Basin, is about 1200 feet above the level of the sea.
Medford has about the same elevation. Jacksonville, which is situated
on the edge of the western foothills, is about 180 feet above Central
Point. Ashland, which is situated in the southeastern edge of the
valley, is about 350 feet above Central Point.SOIL.
Soil cannot be fully described without a chemical analysis, which would
be beyond the scope of this pamphlet. Soil in general being formed from
the decomposition of rocks and the decay of vegetation, a knowledge of
the rocks of the county will give some idea of the character of the
soil. On the western side of the valley we have granite, mica schist,
talcose rocks, and metamorphic limestone, which are traversed by
numerous quartz ledges. The soil on the western side of the valley
contains a large percent of iron. In addition to the above-mentioned
rocks there is sandstone, which covers portions of the hills. It is the
decomposition and mingling of the above-mentioned rocks, together with
decomposed vegetation, that forms the rich soil of the western portion
of the valley. In the northeastern portion of the valley the elements
that compose the soil are different from that in the western portion,
by the addition of volcanic rocks, the decomposition of which has
formed strips of adobe or "sticky" land, which is very rich and
productive, but is difficult to cultivate, from its sticky nature at
certain seasons of the year. There is a strip of three or four sections
of land in the northeastern portion of the valley that is termed
"desert" by the old settlers. It is level, and is covered with small,
rounded boulders and pebbles, and has the appearance of once having
been the bottom of a lake. This is the warmest strip of land in Rogue
River Valley. It is here that the snow first disappears and grass first
grows in the spring. Although this strip of land now looks worthless,
we believe it will yet be made valuable by sinking artesian wells. The
experiment of sinking artesian wells has never been tried in the main
body of the valley, yet the physical features of the country are very
favorable for getting water from such wells.The soil of the main valley is principally composed of a dark, sandy loam, with strips of clayey, gravelly and adobe lands. The soil in the smaller valleys is usually a rich, sandy loam along the streams, and of various qualities along the foothills. FRUIT.
All kinds of fruit that are grown in the temperate zone are
successfully raised in Rogue River Valley. Fruitgrowing in this county
has passed the experimental period. Experience conclusively proves that
there is more actual wealth in our soil in raising fruit than there
ever was in our gold-bearing creeks and gulches. Apples, pears,
peaches, plums, prunes, apricots, cherries, nectarines, grapes,
strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, currants and gooseberries are
all grown in abundance and are of superior quality. The apples grown in
this valley are considered by competent judges to be superior to any
other grown on the Pacific coast. About three years ago the planting of
peach orchards for the purpose of raising peaches for export began.
This year large quantities of peaches have been exported from this
valley and have brought the highest price in the market. Some of the
three-year-old peach orchards have realized two dollars per tree for
the peaches sold this year, which is an income of about $400 per acre.
Pear trees never fail to bear abundant crops of fruit of the finest
quality. This valley is certainly the home of the prune and plum.
Nowhere in the world can the prunes and plums of this valley be
excelled. The trees bear enormous crops of extraordinarily large-sized
fruit of the finest flavor. Cherries are a never-failing crop, and the
trees bear abundantly.The principal vineyards of this valley are situated near Jacksonville. The largest contains seventeen acres. The grape crop has never failed since the vines began to bear. The grapes are of superior quality, and large quantities have been exported this year to the markets of the Willamette Valley and Washington Territory. There is no greater pleasure than to walk through the vineyard of J. N. T. Miller, which is situated one-half mile north of Jacksonville, and see tons of this beautiful fruit. The market for the fruit of this valley is without limit. All the vast tract of table land lying between the Rocky Mountains and the Cascade Range will soon be inhabited by tens of thousands of people. These people will have to look to the west of the Cascade Mountains for their fruit supply. Our winter apples will find a never-failing market in California, Montana and Mexico. When we have planted sufficient small fruits to justify it, canneries will be established here, which will make a ready market for all of such fruits. TIMBER.
The timber of the Rogue River Basin consists of the following
varieties, to wit: fir, yellow pine, sugar pine, cedar, yew, white oak,
black oak, maple, ash, alder, laurel and a species of cottonwood. Fir
is the most abundant timber in
the basin. It is the principal rail timber, and is mostly used in
frames for building and bridge construction. It is very strong and well
adapted to the purposes for which it is used. Yellow pine is used for
flooring and rough lumber of buildings. Sugar pine cannot be excelled
as a finishing lumber. It is used for doors, sash, blinds, moldings and
all finishing work about buildings. It is the most valuable lumber we
have. Cedar is a good finishing lumber, but sugar pine has superseded
it for this purpose. Yew and cedar are much used for fence posts, and
are very durable. The yew does not attain sufficient size to be
manufactured into lumber. The white oak of this valley is not of much
value for anything but firewood. Black oak and ash are used in the
manufacture of wagons and agricultural implements. Maple, alder and
laurel are the principal timbers used in the manufacture of furniture,
for which purpose they are well adapted. Cottonwood is used only for
wood and rails, and is not of much value. Maple, ash, alder and
cottonwood usually grow in creek bottoms; white and black oak in the
valleys and on the foothills. Yellow pine is generally distributed from
the low valleys to the high mountains. Fir is found in all altitudes,
from the low valleys to the line of perpetual snow, and is most
abundant on the north side of hills and in deep canyons. The fir is an
evergreen, cone-bearing tree, which sometimes attains a height of three
hundred feet, and its dark green foliage and symmetrical shape add much
to the beauty of our scenery.CEREALS.
Thirty-five years ago the first crop of grain was raised in this
section. Ever since the first crop was raised there has not been a
failure of the grain crop in this valley. The grain raised is of
superior quality and commands the highest price in the Portland market.
Nearly all the wheat raised in this valley weighs over 60 lbs. per
bushel. With proper cultivation wheat, rye, oats and barley grow well
on all soils and yield fine crops. The straw is bright and clean, free
from rust or mildew, the grain full, plump and well matured. The best
lands will average 30 to 35 bushels of wheat, and from 40 to 50 bushels
of oats per acre. Good land with good cultivation has produced as high
as 60 bushels of wheat per acre. If the land is properly cultivated a
good crop is assured. Irrigation is not used in the cultivation of
grain.CORN.
Jackson County is the best corn-producing section in the Northwest, the
average yield being about 40 bushels per acre.STOCKRAISING.
The mildness of the climate and the healthfulness of stock makes this a
favored section for stockraising. Some of the finest horses of the
Pacific coast have been raised in Jackson County. Cattle are raised
here without any feed during the year, but careful stock raisers
usually provide hay to be used during winter in case of emergency. Some
winters are so mild that no feed is necessary. There are winters,
however, when the ground is covered with snow for two or three weeks.
The cattle then require feed. Sheep raising has been profitable when
proper attention has been paid to the flocks. Hog raising is also a
profitable industry. A large amount of bacon is annually exported from
this valley, and a large number of fat hogs are yearly driven to
northern California to supply the market.POULTRY.
Turkeys and chickens are very healthy [illegible] raised.
Geese and ducks also are raised in enormous
numbers. Our market for export is Portland and San Francisco. This will
ensure a good market and a ready
sale. The present price of eggs is 30¢ per dozen, and the
average
price during the past year has been 15¢. A great improvement
in
the prices of poultry and eggs is expected now that the O.&C.
Railroad is connected with the California line of railroad.BUTTER AND
GEESE.
Butter of the best quality is made here. But little attention has been
paid to cheese making. The most favorable locality for the dairy
business is the foothills or mountain lands. The usual price for butter
is 25¢
per pound, for cheese 16¢
per pound. Dairying, properly conducted, would be a profitable business.VEGETABLES.
All kinds of vegetables that are grown in the temperate zone are
successfully raised in this valley. Irrigation is usually employed in
raising vegetables, but on good soil, with proper cultivation,
vegetables of all kinds are successfully raised without irrigation.
Vegetables are free from any disease.IRRIGATION.
Fruit, vegetables, berries and tame grasses are benefited by
irrigation, but can be successfully grown without. The best-flavored
fruit is grown without irrigation. Deep plowing and subsoiling are all
that is required.GRASSES.
Although it is necessary on some soils to irrigate alfalfa to ensure a
good crop, yet alfalfa can be cultivated successfully in good soil
without irrigation. A field of alfalfa near Jacksonville has been cut
three times this year, with a total yield of six tons per acre, without
irrigation. Farmers owning land not suited to the culture of grass sow wheat,
oats or barley and cut it at the proper time for hay. Timothy is not
extensively cultivated.SOUTHERN OREGON.
The Favorite Fruit Region--Vineyards at Jacksonville. Fruit-Growing at Ashland--Apples, Pears and Cherries-- Plenty of Good Fruit Land for Years to Come.
A
recent journey to Southern Oregon and a week spent there gave the
writer some idea of what is considered the best fruit region in the
state of Oregon. All of Western Oregon and Washington is adapted to the
growing of fruit, though there are more favored conditions in some
localities. Rogue River Valley lies 230 miles south of here, and its
climate partakes of the best qualities pertaining to both Oregon and
California. It produces some fruits in perfection that are not
congenial to the Willamette, such as peaches and grapes. It also
produces all the fruits that do well further north.
Rogue River and Umpqua valleys, in some respects, surpass the northern counties in ability to grow crops requiring a warm summer climate. Those valleys have a decided advantage in the production of fruit, and from the railroad we see more show of corn fields than grain stubble, corn ripening here and making a good crop. These remarks are especially true of Jackson County. At the south the rainy season is less decided, with more good winter weather. Storms suddenly clear away, while with us rains are continuous and are followed by cloudy and foggy weather, and danger from frost is greatly diminished. Where rains suddenly cease and clear weather follows, as in Northern California and Southern Oregon, frosts are frequent and do great harm. We seldom hear of any general damage from frosts, such as occurred May 11th and 12th last spring, causing injury to fruit along the coast for five hundred or more miles. Such frosts are more liable to the south of us for reasons just stated. FOOTHILLS
FOR FRUIT.
There is a
belt of foothills in
Southern Oregon, located above the frost line, averaging a mile or
more, in winter, that is almost sure to be exempt from frost and safe
to produce fruit crops. This is the favored portion of these valleys,
though even these foothills are not universally certain, as isothermal
lines exist, caused by air currents or unfavorable lay of the land.
These will be located in time, but there is an extensive area in which
vineyards and orchards can be safely planted, and there is every
inducement to make fruit-growing a leading industry.We hear much about the capacity of Southern Oregon to produce fruit, but one who passes through Rogue River Valley sees few indications of fruit growing, and the land in orchards forms hardly a perceptible portion of the country. VINEYARDS
NEAR JACKSONVILLE.
Jacksonville is in the foothills,
where a mining camp attracted prospectors at an early day. The town
lies at the west of a large cove and on the north side of which the
foothills that face the south have been planted to vineyards with
success. In riding towards Medford we can see a few patches indicating
vineyards, but not one acre in a thousand is so planted. It is claimed
that Jackson County has fifteen vineyards aggregating one hundred
acres, producing four tons of grapes to the acre. The largest is that
of J. N. T. Miller, Esq., situated near Jacksonville and covering
sixteen acres. Here, in the middle of November, we saw beautiful
bunches of luscious fruit hang on the vines and wine making in full
progress. They were making wine because our market could not use all
their grapes. If Portland fruit dealers, with so large a country to
supply, are not able to use the present product of Jackson County, it
must be apparent that wine making, or the manufacture of raisins, will
be the chief recourse when vineyards are extensive.PEACH
ORCHARDS AT ASHLAND.
At Ashland
they are clearing off
the higher points of the foothills to plant peaches, and when relieved
of its growth of manzanita, chaparral, pine, laurel and mountain
mahogany this land is held at high figures. The land produces a heavy
growth of the woods named, but its appearance surprises a stranger. It
is decomposed granite, showing little soil, or what is so considered.
In passing through the peach orchard of Mr. Gailey, consisting of
thirty acres, one sinks to the ankle in coarse white granite sand, but
his trees show good growth at two and three years old. These rugged
points and the gentler foothills are quoted as selling at $100, $200,
$250 and $300 an acre. No doubt they can pay a good interest on this
investment.BEAR
RIVER VALLEY.
Ashland is
fifteen miles up Bear
River, above the main valley of Rogue River. The valley of Bear Creek
is narrow, and hills rise on each side to considerable height. On the
Ashland side they rise and rise until they climb into the Siskiyou
Mountains, but on the opposite, or east side, the hill range divides
Bear Valley and Antelope Creek. On the south six streams enter Rogue
River, and six more come in on the north, and all have valleys and
foothills more or less adapted to fruit. The main valley is thirty by
fifteen miles in extent, and with its tributaries must furnish an
immense area of foothill or bench lands that invite fruit growing on an
immense scale. Hills or knolls along the main valley afford excellent
locations for orchards. Where they have a right exposure nearly all
these uplands must be of value. Mr. McCall, at Ashland, pointed to a
cleared space that has recently sold for $300 an acre, with the remark
that five years ago he would not have given six bits an acre for it.
Someone with self-reliance, good sense and courage set out an orchard,
and then the boom set in.VINE
LAND AND FRUIT LAND.
Crossing
Bear Creek, opposite
Ashland, we find a clear hillside as high as the hills rise; granite
sand is mixed with clay and the land is somewhat sticky, though there
is no reason apparent why it should not produce all sorts of fruit. We
met a Mr. Morris, from California, who has bought 2000 acres on this
side three miles below Ashland, who has full confidence in this soil
and intends to plant 100 acres in peaches next spring. We see many
peaches from Ashland in our Portland markets, but the planting of
orchards there has only just begun, and the few bearing orchards they
have are very young.At Jacksonville they have only planted vineyards, but the same land can produce peaches to the best advantage, judging from its location. Ashland has succeeded with peaches, but it is said a cold sweep of air up that narrow valley does not make the culture of the vine possible there. We learned that apricots grow well in Ashland gardens but are not planted extensively. One intelligent observer expressed this opinion that being more tender than peaches they could not be grown as successfully in that region. It is evident that peaches and grapes can be successfully grown on good locations, and a very extensive area of suitable land can be put to such use. Josephine County has also much bench land on its rivers where fruit should grow to best advantage. Applegate and Williams creeks have large valleys, and there are other streams putting into Rogue River below its main valley that as yet are not known or understood. There is such a great area of good fruit in that section of country that there is no good reason why excessive valuation should be placed on that already understood. It will be many years before it can be utilized, and it will be a public misfortune if it shall pass into the hands of speculators who will put a high figure upon it. A Mr. Stewart, who came from Indiana, has located some distance south of Medford, which is the railway station for Jacksonville, about five miles distant. He is planting a large pear orchard in the rolling land or foothills, because that valley is so sure in producing good crops of very excellent pears. He is well up in pear culture and considers that region the best he ever knew for that purpose. Apples and cherries do well there, and the good people thereabouts have a faith in themselves and their country that is pleasant to behold, but they probably err in supposing that no other part of Oregon can hold a candle to them or compete with them in these products. ROGUE
RIVER AND UMPQUA VALLEYS.
The main
Rogue River Valley is in
part high prairie and good soil, and three-fourths is more or less
gravelly. While fruit trees grow well enough on this low land, it is so
much liable to danger from frost that it is not considered safe to
plant orchards or vineyards there. Besides there is an old-time
prejudice in favor of hill land for fruit, as giving a better flavor
than the soil of the prairies. The future should see these southern
counties devoted to the production of choice fruits, earning a great
name and winning for the fortunate fruit growers fortunes to repay
their enterprise. California will furnish a convenient market for all
their apples and pears. They are going out of the apple business there,
their orchards proving short-lived and their apples miserably inferior
in quality.The two rivers, Umpqua and Rogue rivers, have large areas tributary to them composed in great part of rugged hills that will someday be appreciated and cultivated. The delightful climate will ensure the full settlement of the county, and the value of this great hill region will be tested to the utmost. It is claimed that though it has no area of open valley to equal Rogue River the Umpqua itself is actually lower in its flow than Rogue River, and therefore cannot have a very different climate. Judge Stearns, of Oakland, says Umpqua Valley has cooler summers and warmer winters than Rogue River, by actual observation, and he claims that there should not be a serious difference in the ability of the Umpqua to produce fruits native to a warm clime. Certainly we receive our early fruits and vegetables from Douglas County a month almost before they ripen near home, and as soon or sooner than they reach us from Rogue River Valley. THE
PIONEER UMPQUA VINEYARD.
Years ago
Hon. Jesse Applegate set
out a large vineyard on the side of Yoncalla Mountain, or what to us
seemed a mountain to climb, that was--save for altitude--an easy walk
from Snowden Springs. We visited him there and have often asked the
fate of this pioneer vineyard, to learn that it made reasonable
progress up to the time our old friend lost his beloved wife, when he
quit the spot, and his successor allowed sheep to devour the vines and
destroy the vineyard. He assured us that it would have done well had it
received the proper care and cultivation. We cannot learn that grapes
or peaches have ever received a fair test in Umpqua, though it cannot
be excelled as to prunes. These are grown with rare excellence, as also
all other fruits grown in the Willamette.Southern Oregon as herein described simply awaits development. The construction of the Oregon & California Railroad through its whole extent gives reasonable hope that we shall soon see settlement commence and continue there and the development of this choice portion of our state keep on until its merits are fully tested. This road is, we think, destined to do much towards filling Oregon valleys with homes and peopling our hillsides with fruit farms. The overflow from California may easily surpass the direct travel from the East to the whole Pacific Northwest. Tens of thousands are drawn to California who cannot remain there and must go elsewhere. They will be sure to return east by the northern route, and many may actually come here to settle and make homes. We propose to make this whole region known to those who may soon come here. The length of this paper prevents reference in detail to the present fruit production of the Southern Oregon counties, and such particulars as are obtainable on this subject will be given at an early day. Oregonian, Portland, December 3, 1887, page 8 This article was reprinted in the Ashland Tidings, December 9, 1887, page 1 SOUTHERN OREGON.
Rogue River Valley--Medford, Jacksonville and Other Towns. Old-Fashioned Farmers--What Eastern Farmers Are Doing. Adaptability of the Climate and Soil to Apples, Pears and Plums. (SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE BULLETIN.) Medford, Or., Aug.
1, 1887.
The
resources and agricultural possibilities of Southern Oregon are
gradually coming more and more into prominence. Many home-seekers,
principally Eastern folk, are now visiting this locality and are on the
lookout for good locations.
Going north from California into Oregon on the Oregon and California Railroad, the traveler is compelled to stage it across the border line, as about eight miles of the railroad remain yet to be completed. The cars are resumed at Ashland, Or. ROGUE
RIVER VALLEY.
Ashland lies at the
southern end of the Rogue River Valley, which is one of the fertile
places of Southern Oregon, springing into prominence just now. Here in
this valley are grown abundant crops of wheat and fruit, both of a good
quality. Fifteen miles north of Ashland lie Medford and
Jacksonville--the former on the eastern and the latter on the western
slope of the valley, about five miles apart. Both of these towns are in
the center of the valley and are surrounded on all sides by large and
prosperous farms. Jacksonville and Medford, though near neighbors,
differ widely from each other in many respects. Three years ago there
was no such place at Medford. The railroad located a water tank and an
eating station there, and in a short time a town sprang. up. [The town sprang up before the
construction of the depot.]
Although only three years old, Medford now boasts of nearly a thousand
inhabitants. Jacksonville, on the contrary, is an old established town
about twice the size of Medford, and was an old town long before the
railroad was thought of. Why the railroad did not come through
Jacksonville is a conundrum which few of its residents can
intelligently answer. As it is, the town is now reached by stage daily
from Medford. Still, even as it is now, Jacksonville is not
complaining, for she is better connected now with the outside world
than formerly. There are several other towns situated in the Rogue
River Valley, but they do not compare in size or importance with
Ashland, Medford or Jacksonville. A small place called Gold Hill stands
at the extreme northern end of the valley.FARMING
IN THE VALLEY.
There is
in this portion of Oregon
a disposition among the people, more especially the farmers, to adhere
to old-fashioned methods and customs. Anything "newfangled" meets their
utmost contempt. The farmers in many cases will not even enclose their
lands with decent-looking fences, the old-time "stake and rider" fences
prevailing. Then again, they persist in wheat-growing, taking their
chances on being able to get rid of it all at anything like a fair
price, when it has been thoroughly proven to them that they have one of
the best countries in the land for growing apples, pears and prunes.
These three fruits reach perfection here. It is true that several
farmers in the Rogue River Valley are now engaged in fruit-growing,
doubling their profits and relieving themselves from all worry and
care, but in nine cases out of ten these very farmers are Eastern men
who have only recently located in this section of the country. It did
not take them long to find out where the immense resources of the
country lie, and they quickly took advantage of their discovery. Of
course the majority of the Oregonians, with their antiquated ways,
laughed at first at these Easterners, and many of the more obstinate
ones continue to do so yet. But it will be of short duration.WHAT
AN INTELLIGENT FARMER DID.
Apropos to
this, a circumstance
which occurred in this vicinity not long ago might be of interest. An
eccentric-looking old farmer, who had left his farm in Maine, came into
Southern Oregon and bought forty acres near Ashland. Notwithstanding
the fact that surrounding him on all sides was to be seen growing
nothing but wheat, this eccentric-looking individual made a careful
examination of his soil and formed his own opinion as to what it is
most adapted. Imagine the horror of his neighbors when they discovered
that this eccentric-looking old man had planted his entire forty acres
in watermelons. Certainly the old man was not only eccentric, but
hopelessly insane, and there was considerable talk among the farmers of
having him examined by an insanity commission. But when the
eccentric-looking old man raised an immense crop of melons and reaped
about triple the profit per acre that his sympathetic neighbors did
from their grain fields, it began to dawn upon them that he was not
such a fool as he looked. So it is with most with the farmers in regard
to fruit-growing. It is hard to pull them out of the old rut. But it is
only a matter of time when they will fall into line with the
progressive newcomers, and assist in the general development of this
section of the country.THE
CLIMATE.
The
climate here is good. Of
course there are better climates on the coast--they can't all have the
best--but it is enough to say that that of Southern Oregon is good,
never being too warm or too cold, and is, as a rule, uniformly even. It
partakes of many of the features of the California climate. The
prolonged rainy seasons are not so prevalent in this section of the
state as they are further north, and can hardly be termed a "webfoot"
section.J.G.M.
San Francisco Bulletin, August
4, 1887, page 4ROSEBURG (Or.), December 18th.--The last-spike excursion train has taken its flight today through one of the most beautiful and picturesque stretches of country on the whole Pacific Coast--over high ranges of hills, thickly covered with splendid timber; through rich and fertile valleys, thickly settled by prosperous farmers; along dashing streams of water filled with mountain trout, and through hamlets, villages and towns that gave evidences of new life and activity. Scarcely a section upon this continent could be selected where a day's journey could be made through more VARIED
AND INTERESTING SCENERY.
While other roads may pass through scenes of more massive grandeur,
none can boast of more impressive and picturesque interest. Viewed from
the standpoint of the future possibilities of this region, under the
first impulses of through railroad communication with the great markets
of the world, the importance of this section can hardly be
overestimated. The timber along the line is of untold wealth in itself,
and its importation into the markets of California over the the new
line of railroad will soon make itself felt, not only among the lumber
dealers, but in the pockets of the consumers.OREGON'S
PRODUCTS EXHIBITED.
The display of corn, grain and vegetables and fruit at the various
stations provided a great surprise for most of the Californians. The
famous Oregon apple, of a hundred choice varieties, and a most
delicious favor, was a feature of every exhibit, and it is safe to say
that no place on the earth can surpass this in the production of that
fruit in all its perfection.Specimens of sawed, planed and milled lumber were also displayed at several points, and excited the admiration of all. It has been a sightseeing day, and one which was worth the whole trip from San Francisco. FROM
ASHLAND NORTH.
The train left Ashland at 7 o'clock in the morning, and was soon out in
the beautiful valley of the Rogue River. It was a delightfully clear
and bright day, with just enough crisp chilliness in the breezy air to
put life and vigor into the frame of man. Looking to the east the newly plowed fields indicated the stimulus which the agricultural interests had received by the completion of the road. The settlers along the line were out with their wives and families waving their handkerchiefs and shouting a welcome to the flying train. In some instances a farmer would point with pride towards his farm, where the rich black loam land could be seen freshly turned over by the plow, as much as to say, "This was formerly a pasture, but with railroad facilities we will raise grain and send it down to your California markets." There were some old orchards, and many new ones, and fields plowed like checkerboards, indicating that other orchards were being planted. A
FARMER'S PARADISE.
Ten miles further on Phoenix was reached, where the valley broadens out
on the west, a broad, level stretch to the Coast Range of mountains,
and on the east a rolling country as beautiful and fertile as the
famous bluegrass region of Kentucky, though lacking its high state of
cultivation.Medford was reached at 7:30, and here the people were assembled in large numbers, with a band of music, to greet the excursion. Here was a fine display of fruit and vegetables, and a large placard reading: "Medford gives you greeting! Help yourself!" The invitation was accepted, and apples formed the principal meal for the travelers. Mayor Howard made a short speech of welcome, and Charles Crocker exhibited the golden spike to the crowd, which elicited applause. This place is only two years old, but it has a population of 1,500, has good public, business and school buildings, and shows every evidence of prosperity. AN
"IRISH" POTATO.
John P.
Irish
was here presented with a mammoth potato, and E. S. Washburn, the
well-known San Francisco contractor, created a sensation. He was making
his toilet and had just donned his pantaloons, when he saw through the
window the invitation, "help yourself." The train was just starting,
but he leaped from the platform, and seizing an immense squash,
weighing 155 pounds, bore it triumphantly on board, with the
exclamation: "I could not steal the city hall, but I can get away with
anything that grows in Oregon."AT
GRANTS PASS.
The people were out in force, and gave the Californians a hearty
reception. The display of fruits and lumber was very fine. Upon the
side of the depot next the train was a handsome design in evergreens,
bearing the words: "Welcome, California." Mayor F.
W. VanDyke
delivered an address of welcome, which was responded to by Charles
Crocker, who also exhibited the golden spike. John P. Irish was loudly
called for, and made a humorous speech. The assembled crowd gave three
cheers for Charles Crocker as the train pulled out of the depot.INTERCHANGE
OF CIVILITIES.
Glendale was reached at 7 o'clock, and here the train carrying the
Oregon party overtook the California train. Members of the two parties
here changed cars, some Californians boarding the Oregon train, and
vice versa, in order that they might become better acquainted and have
an interchange of views.THE
RECEPTION AT ROSEBURG.
SALEM,
December 18th.--Roseburg was reached by the excursion train at 2
o'clock, and a most enthusiastic reception was met with at the hands of
the people of this thriving and enterprising city, which is located in
a beautiful valley surrounded on all sides by hills. A band of music
was present, and L. F.
Lane
delivered an address of welcome, in which he said there was no chasm
between Western and Southern Oregon and California. They were of the
same family. The interests of the one were the interests of the other.
He claimed that the excursionists had come to them on their wash day,
and invited them all to come again in the brightness of their
springtime and the blossoming of their summer, when they would have on
Sunday clothes and the visitors would have no reason to be ashamed of
their country cousins."Lovely Oregon," Sacramento Daily Record-Union, December 19, 1887, page 1 Salem, the capital, comes next, then Albany, concerning which places I cannot say much, as it had by this time grown quite dark, but our train spend on, rounding short curves and craggy hills until 9 o'clock the next morning, at which time we were in Ashland, the terminus of the O.&C.R.R. This is a small place near the south line of the state and at the foot of the Siskiyou Mountains. The valleys were green, and farmers were plowing all the way along. At this point a different mode of travel, and a new one to me, was before us; as we alighted from the train we were confronted by five large vehicles resembling the old-fashioned "tin peddler's wagon," with which all Union County people are familiar, except that they are heavier. These belonged to the California, Oregon and Idaho Stage Company, and were called stages. In these we must go up the mountain. There were three seats in each one, and three persons were crowded into each seat. When all was ready the driver cracked his whip, and the great stage rolled away. This reminded me of the many stories I had heard of stage travel in the Wild West, and I wondered if we would be stopped by a band of robbers, or would be fired on by the savage Indian. I wondered if James Clugage had ever been over this road. While these and many other thoughts were passing through my mind, we were leaving Ashland and the narrow valley behind and below us. Things were not so green, and the snow is nearer to us. Finally our stage stopped and the driver jumped from his lofty box and said, "All passengers, alight," which we did. We were at the base of a very steep mountain, and in a very few words the driver told us that we would have the pleasure of ascending on foot, as it was impossible for the horses to draw more than the stages and baggage. Off we all started, men, women and children, but not in the best of humor, some laughing, others swearing, and others crying, but up we went. The day was fine, the scenery sublime, but I will not undertake to describe it. I would say to all visitors to the Pacific Coast to take a trip through Northern California and Southern Oregon. We made short curves, going back almost to the place from which we started; here we came to snow, the first I was in for the season. I must make a snowball, and another, yet up we go; now the glad news comes from those in front, a hotel, which we all hailed with joy, and where we all partook of a healthy supper, for the moderate sum of fifty cents. Passengers kept coming in for nearly two hours. Soon the crack of the stageman's whip was heard, and the heavy stage rolled up in front of the hotel with the remainder of the party, who had given out on the way. Here fresh horses were procured, and this time we made even a steeper climb, but this going up could not always last, and at length the summit was reached amid the shouts of the boys and over a foot of snow. Here this mode of travel came to an end, for the Southern Pacific road has pushed her California branch to the summit of these mountains, and a train was standing there ready to convey us down the southern slope more easily than we ascended the northern. After starting, we passed through a tunnel almost a mile in length. Down we went, a grade of nearly 200 feet to the mile, until we were landed in the narrow valley below, which widened out into a vast prairie and plain. Here another grand view stands out before the eye. On all sides are snow-covered mountains, while everything is green around you. In the distance is Mt. Shasta, over 12,000 feet high, and to the west of it is the valley; with no hill near it looms up another mount some 5,000 feet high. While viewing this grand panorama, night closed and the scene was shut from view. Here I "turned in" and knew no more until Sacramento, the capital of California, was reached, but being not yet daylight I only seen it by electric light. Will H. Sheneman, letter of December 21, 1887, "Still on the Go," Marysville Tribune, Marysville, Ohio, January 4, 1888, page 4 SOUTHERN OREGON.
EDITOR DISPATCH,
YORK, PA.:--Being
a native of York County, as well:as having been a resident thereof for
several years during the early part of my life, I receive occasional
letters from your section making various inquiries about Oregon, of
which state I have now for many years been a resident. With your kind
permission I will endeavor to answer some of these inquiries in your
valuable journal as there are, doubtless, many persons beside my own
personal friends, living in your section, that would like to hear
something about this part of the world.One of these writes: "How is the climate where you live in the winter? I had a discussion on the subject with a gentleman in Wrightsville. He said that he had always understood that our winters were your wet season; but have been informed that you had cold weather also. It would interest me much to know all about such matters, etc." Another says: "In what part of Oregon are you? Are you east of the mountain range, or between that and the coast?" And again: "You speak of the rainy season there, what do you do while it lasts? Read, I suppose."' To the question, "Are you east of the mountain range or between that and the coast?'' I said: "To an Oregonian, your question betrays this fact; namely, that you are not posted quite as well in regard to the physical features of Uncle Sam's domain as we who live here are. You do very well, however, for a non-resident and one who has had no occasion to make a special study of the topographical features of this region," stating, however, that I would answer said question in due time. But at the question, "You speak of the rainy season there, what do you do while it lasts? Read, I suppose," I had to smile; for I saw that the writer quite misapprehended the character of our rainy season. I will now endeavor, as best I may, to answer these questions. And first in regard to the rainy season. In general terms our rainy season corresponds to the winter, and the dry season to our summer, with the spring and the fall months partaking of the characteristics of both. That is to say: the rainy season extends from December to February inclusive, the dry season from June to September inclusive, with spring months and a short time during the fall months partaking, as I said before, of the characteristics of both; all this varying much, however, in different years. Thus some years the rains begin pretty early in the fall, in other years they hold off quite late; and the same is true of the spring months; some years the rains cease early in the spring, in other years they hold on quite late. The rainy season begins therefore, I may say, with occasional rainy spells in October, or perhaps--as when the rains hold off quite late, as they did this fall--not till Nov., and gets fairly underway usually sometime in Dec., and ends generally in Feb. or March with occasional showers or rainy days, or perhaps even short rainy spells, later on. However, during what we may regard as the true rainy season--that is to say, December, January and February--there are are often two or three and sometimes even four or five weeks of continuous fine weather; and that, too, of the finest weather imaginable--clear blue skies, warm sun, and a few early wildflowers, brought forth by the mild weather, peeping above the ground. These spells of fine weather, occurring as they do in midwinter, and we have them almost every winter, are, in fact, the most charming and delightful part of the year. This beautiful weather, so often experienced here during the winter season, is, in fact, one of the chief things that weds all old residents so firmly to this coast. Indeed, some winters (the terms winter and rainy season are here interchangeable, the reader will remember) there is hardly any interruption to the plowing and other farm work, and there are really but few days during an ordinary winter that one cannot work with all convenience at outdoor work. It is true we occasionally have a severe winter, have snow and ice, which interfere for a time with certain kinds of work, as plowing and seeding; but, as a general thing, with the exception of some few days of continued heavy rain, the rainy season, or the winter--as you may please to term it--is here a busy season of outdoor work. We do not, of course, mind a little rain; and often even work between the showers of even a rainy day. So that we do not, here, in Southern Oregon, have to hibernate during the long months of a dismal rainy season, stowed away in some half-darkened and gloomy apartment, miserable beings, living a dreary life, for months at a time without one ray of sunshine or rational enjoyment of any kind. Nor do we for several consecutive months, while said rainy season lasts, have nothing to do but sit around the fire and crack stale jokes, or tell long endless stories about nothing, or perhaps, with more religious zeal, spend our time dissecting the characters of our neighbors. Nor can we, even if our tastes take a more literary turn, find excuse through abundance of rain to sit around for months at a time and read up in whatever subjects might interest us most. Nor are we compelled to spend so long a time reading in a listless sort of way whether we want to or not, simply because the weather will not give us opportunity to do anything else. We have not, I assure my dear reader, attempted here in Southern Oregon to vindicate Darwin by encouraging the development of webs between the phalanges of our pedal extremities, as ye desiccated Californian popularly supposes. That curious feature in the natural history of our species we have left to our more amphibious neighbors of the Willamette Valley to cultivate; and especially to the denizens of that delightful and aquatic region yclept the Long Tom, where, it is said, the good housewife may often be seen during the rainy season, bucket on arm, wading around the yard with a long pole hunting for the well. There, indeed, as we are assured on the testimony of those reliable persons, the early pioneers, the white people had no sooner begun to settle in the country than the boys and girls born therein began to develop the most singular and curious processes between the toes; which curious processes, strange to say, matured into the most complete and perfect web; whereby these people came to be called webfeet, a name by which the good people of this region, and, in fact, of the whole Willamette Valley have been distinguished ever since. No, indeed. To the gentle epithet of Tarhead, a name which the good people of the Willamette have seen fit to retort upon us, we will gracefully submit, but to be called Webfeet--never! But I do not wish, my dear friends, to accuse you of drawing so unfair a picture of us as this; but I did think some of you were under a little misapprehension in regard to the character of our rainy season. I do, indeed, take great pleasure in reading when a rainy day or a rainy spell occurs, and the state of my wardrobe is not such as to compel me to take cognizance of the more or less numerous infractions of integrity in those garments subjected most to daily wear, and to spend my time repairing these not infrequent rents and abrasions which various disaster and the constant and gradual wear through natural causes have occasioned and to which, I am sorry to say, said garments are only too prone to be subject. So much in explanation of the character of our rainy season. Now in regard to that part of Oregon in which I live. In order, however, that the reader may have a better understanding of the various localities of Oregon in general, and of my own neighborhood in particular, before proceeding to tell in what part of Oregon I live, I shall make some explanation in regard to the various localities first. When I was asked whether I lived east of the mountain range or between that and the coast, the writer had reference, of course, to the Cascade Range, as that is the chief mountain range in Oregon, and the one usually represented on the map, the summit of which is, in the main, parallel with, and distant from, the coast about 130 miles. There, is however, another great range in Oregon nearer the coast than the Cascade Range. This is the Coast Range, the western slopes of which extend quite to the ocean throughout almost the whole length of the state. There are nowhere any valleys--at least none of any great extent--between it and the sea. In fact, through almost the whole extent of Oregon, the coast is extremely rugged and mountainous, and is, in most places, quite uninhabitable. The very few settlements that are in that part of the state are mostly at the mouths of the rivers after these have, for the most part, broken through the mountains in deep and rugged canyons. The few exceptions to this I will explain further on. The great valleys of Oregon: namely, the Willamette, the Umpquas, and the Rogue River valleys, which contain within their limits by far the greatest part of the arable land within the borders of the state, lie between these two great mountain ranges. It will not be necessary for my present purpose to enter into any description of the great mountain ranges of the state. It will be necessary, however, to explain that there are, in Oregon, two systems of transverse ridges extending east and west across the country intervening between the two great ranges, and another like system of transverse ridges on the border of Oregon and California. The first of these transverse ridges, the Calapooia Mountains, separates the valley of the Umpqua from the Rogue River Valley; and the third, called the Siskiyou Mountains, is, as I said before, on the border of Oregon and California. Of these transverse ridges the Siskiyous are much the highest. Through the Calapooia Mountains there are three different roads, two of them being over the ridges, and one through by what is called the Pass Creek route where there is no ridge at all to be crossed. Through the Umpqua Mountains and the Rogue River Mountains, including what is called locally the Canyon, the Cow Creek Hills, and the Grave Creek Hills, there is only one wagon road, and only one is reasonably possible. Of the valleys named above, the Willamette Valley is much the largest, being about 50 by 150 miles in extent. It is here popularly called Webfoot, and the inhabitants thereof Webfeet--names suggested by the rainy character of that region. The Umpqua basin, called in a general way the Umpqua Valley, consists of a great number of small valleys separated from each ether by various ranges of hills, there being no one valley of any great extent. In these valleys, however, the soil is very fertile. The climate is delightful; and the whole country is a most beautiful and picturesque region--nearly a paradise, in fact. The Rogue River Valley differs again from either the Willamette or the Umpqua. While there are several smaller valleys, each having its local name, included in what is termed in a general way the Rogue River Valley, there is also one main valley which is more particularly spoken of as the Rogue River Valley, and which includes again some of these smaller valleys, but of whose separate existence apart from the main valley a stranger, looking out over this same main valley from any one of the many favorable points along the old stage road between Jacksonville and Willow Springs, which road here follows along the base of the foothills bordering the west side of the valley--would not have the least idea. Now, all that part of Oregon lying east of the Cascade Range is here called Eastern Oregon; that part lying west of the Cascade Range and north of the Calapooia Mountains is called Western Oregon; and that part west of the Cascade Range and south of the Calapooia Mountains is called Southern Oregon. Southern Oregon does not, the reader will take notice, include all the southern part of the state. Neither does Western Oregon include all the western part of the state; but Eastern Oregon does include all the eastern part of the state. Southeastern Oregon is a term by which the southern part of Eastern Oregon is sometimes designated. What I have said above in regard to the rainy season has no reference whatever to Eastern Oregon. Owing to the great elevation of that section above the sea, the winters there are iron bound. During the winter season there snow and ice reign supreme. The climate, however, is dry, braving and healthful. Even the beef there, owing to the very nutritious character of the grasses and the purity of the water, is of superior richness and flavor. These are not highly colored statements made for effect, remember; they are positive facts. The writer of this resided for a considerable period in Southeastern Oregon. The reader will also remember that in the country west of the Cascade Range the further north the more it rains and the longer the rainy season lasts. If the reader will now refer to a map of Oregon, he will see that, according to the definition given above, Jackson County is in Southern Oregon; and any late map will show that said county lies wholly west of the Cascade Range. Now, therefore, since I am a resident of Jackson County, I live in Southern Oregon and am west of the Cascade Range, but with a very big mountain range between me and the coast. The very few exceptions to the rugged and mountainous character of the coast region I will now proceed to explain. The chief exception to this mountainous character of the coast of Oregon is to be found in the county of Coos. This county is separated from Douglas County--which county includes all the Umpqua country-- by the Umpqua Mountains which here become part of the Coast Range. Here on the Coquille River and on Coos River, as well as on Coos Bay, is much level and very rich bottom land; bat the whole country is exceedingly heavily timbered. Indeed, so heavily timbered is the country here that the only means of communication between the different parts of the settlement is by boat. The timber is the finest in the world. It used to be said that when a hunter killed an elk in this region, he had to cut a way through the timber to get it out. The standing timber itself is not so much in the way as are the immense fallen logs. Another very serious matter is that during the winter pretty much all these bottom lands are overflowed, so that the settler must find some locality where he can build on the spurs or bench lands of the surrounding hills. On Smith River in Douglas County, a stream which flows into the Umpqua River after the latter has debouched from the mountains, there is also a considerable area of heavily timbered bottom land. Of the counties further north, there may be in Tillamook County some level land on the coast; but I have never been in that county and cannot speak from any personal knowledge concerning it. And now something in regard to my own immediate neighborhood and of certain parts of Jackson County and I will bring my communication to a close. I am living, then, I would explain, among the foothills (pretty big mountains, the folks in York County would think them, and very rough and rugged withal) in a well-watered district called Sykes Creek. This stream empties, two and one-half miles below my place, into Evans Creek, a considerable stream which receives several tributary streams in its course, and which, flowing in « southerly course, discharges its water into Rogue River at Woodville, twelve miles from my place. Across the hills west of me, about two miles, is another creek, called Pleasant Creek, which is a larger stream than Sykes Creek, and which also empties into Evans Creek. This also has a tributary stream called Ditch Creek flowing in from the west. Below the mouth of Pleasant Creek there is no stream flowing into Evans Creek large enough to be dignified by the name of creek. Over the ridge east of me there is another small mountain stream called Mays Creek, which also empties into Evans Creek. There is a good trail through a tolerably low gap in the hills to Pleasant Creek. On all these streams mentioned here as flowing into Evans Creek there is an abundance of the finest sugar pine and pitch or yellow pine, together with plenty of red fir and white fir; white cedar and yew also abound. There is also an abundance of black oak and some white oak. There are also many other trees, as the beautiful evergreen madrona, the maple, the ash, the alder, the cottonwood, live oak, chinquapin and dogwood, each useful in its way; but as those mentioned first are the most abundant, as well as the most useful, they are therefore the most important. There is certainly a fine opportunity for someone to do well with a portable steam sawmill. Owing to the fine grazing in many places on the hills through which these streams course, cattle raising is the most important industry here at present. Woodville, which I have spoken of above as being at the mouth of Evans Creek, is situated on the right bank of Rogue River eight miles below Gold Hill and nine miles above Grants Pass, each of which is a much larger place than Woodville. All three are stations on the railroad. Grants Pass and Gold Hill are new towns built since the advent of the railroad. The lower end of the main valley mentioned above is a mile or so above Gold Hill. From this latter place nearly to Grants Pass the valley is quite narrow. At no place is there more than one-half to three-fourths mile of level land intervening between the river and the hills. At some places in fact the hills come quite down to the river. It is a very picturesque region, however, the hills here presenting a pleasing variety in general contour, and being quite different from what they are in Pennsylvania. For the most part they are rough, rugged and steep, and not always covered with timber as they are at the East, characteristics which endear them very much to those of us living here who are lovers of the beautiful and picturesque in natural scenery. The scenery along this part of the river is to me always a feast to the eyes. Central Point and Medford are new and thriving towns on the railroad near the central part of the main valley spoken of above. The latter is at present the principal shipping point of the valley; and both are towns of considerable aspirations. Their central position in the valley, it must be admitted, is quite a feather in their caps. Still further up the valley, and also on the railroad, is the town of Phoenix, where some of the finest flour in Southern Oregon is made. At the upper (south) end of the valley, near the foot of the Siskiyou Mountains, and also on the railroad, is Ashland, the largest town in the valley, and, next to Roseburg, the county seat of Douglas County, the largest in Southern Oregon. Ashland boasts of an academy, a woolen mill, a flour mill and a foundry. The brand of flour made here has long enjoyed a high reputation. And now that the railroad officials have decided to locate here their roundhouse, machine shops and eating station, Ashland may be expected to take its place soon as one of the leading towns of the state. Nestled in a little cove at the base of the foothills on the west side of the valley, about four miles from Central Point and five or six from Medford, is the town of Jacksonville, the county seat of Jackson County, and next to Ashland, the largest town in Rogue River Valley. Jacksonville has a large steam flour mill that does its share of the local business. It has a courthouse of which many counties much wealthier than Jackson might well be proud. Its schools are among the best in the state. The view of the valley (the main Rogue River Valley mentioned above) from almost any point in and about Jacksonville is extremely fine. Indeed, the valley, as seen from Jacksonville, is as lovely a view as one might find in a lifetime of travel. It is worth not merely a visit to Jacksonville to see; it is worth a life in Jacksonville to enjoy. As seen from this place the valley is certainly among the fairest of the fair. If I were to make any prediction I would say that the generations to come in Jackson County will bless the day that secured to them so fair a county seat. In both Jacksonville and Ashland are many pleasant homes in which rare and beautiful flowers and choice shrubbery form a very pleasing feature. Eagle Point and Brownsboro are smaller towns--the former with a valuable water power and flour mill--situated in the eastern [sic] part of the valley. [It was common to assume Grants Pass was north of Medford.] Rock Point, a place hardly large enough to be called a village, but a place of considerable business, is pleasantly situated on Rogue River two miles below Gold Hill and six miles above Woodville, with a gravelly and almost entirely level road between the two latter places. In the old staging days, before the advent of the railroad, this place was one of the pleasantest on the road. Rock Point is fourteen miles from Jacksonville, Woodville is twenty miles; my place is therefore thirty-two miles from Jacksonville. I am also twenty-one miles from Grants Pass; since, to go to any one of the places mentioned above, it is necessary to by way of Woodville, the very high and steep ranges of hills on either side of the lower part of Evans Creek Valley entirely precluding all idea of a wagon road over them. Down the creek, however, to Woodville the road is almost level. There are good bridges over Rogue River at Rock Point, Gold Hill and Grants Pass. There is also the railroad bridge at Gold Hill. In the main valley there is also a fine bridge over Rogue River east of Jacksonville. Rogue River, I will here explain, is a beautiful stream, full of rocks and rapids in many parts of its course. During the summer it is fed by the melting snows of the Cascade Range, and its waters are then clear and cold. Fish, various members of the trout family, chiefly, abound. Sites for extensive water power may be found in many parts of its course. To the many interesting objects in the natural scenery of the river--as the Table Rocks, the beautiful and romantic Rogue River Falls, etc.--only a passing allusion can be made. A short distance above Gold Hill the river flows to the eastward, and the railroad towns spoken of above as being in the main valley are on Bear Creek; but, as I have intimated above, the eye would not distinguish any separate valley. Now, in all this region of Southern Oregon the possibilities of fruit raising are hardly to be overestimated. Especially in the foothills of Jackson and Josephine counties exist all the condition of soil and climate requisite for the production of the most perfect fruit. In the hills about Jacksonville, for miles along the western border of the valley, both the soil and the climatic conditions suited for the successful culture of the grape are said, by those well informed on the subject, to be the best known to the viticulturists (who have investigated the matter) of either Europe or America. This again is no mere boast, remember. The statement here made has its foundation in positive fact. The facts which are the basis of this statement, together with the explanation thereof, would be cheerfully and courteously furnished, I have no doubt, by either the Hon. Robt. A. Miller or Mr. Peter Britt, both citizens of Jacksonville, both practical vineyardists and cultural gentlemen, and whose reliability may be entirely depended on. In fact I confidently look forward to the time when all these hills near Jacksonville will be one continuous vineyard, supporting thousands of industrious families, and adding greatly to the wealth, not merely of Jackson County, but of the state itself. Along the South Umpqua, too, where the conditions of soil and climate are eminently suited for the production of choice fruit, the whole region, I am informed, is fast becoming one continuous prune orchard. In my own neighborhood there is a considerable area of land evidently well suited for the cultivation of the grape; and I am clearing up a homestead here with a view mainly to engaging in that industry myself. This land, I am told, is, in every respect, similar in character to the red hill lands of Sonoma County, Cal., so famous for its fruits and wine. And when we consider the vast market opening up for the sale of this fruit in the extensive territory north and east of us--where the rigors of a boreal climate will not permit the cultivation of the more delicate fruits--the outlook, it must be conceded, is encouraging indeed. We have also a number of mineral springs here which have attained much local celebrity as health resorts. Of these the old Soda Springs above Ashland have been long and favorably known and extensively patronized. The Shovel Creek Springs on the Siskiyous have been attracting much attention lately. And the Sulfur Springs on Evans Creek have acquired some celebrity for their good effects in kidney complaints. Fine opportunity for bathing is also one of the attractions at this place: Fishing is also good. Rock Point, also, might be made a very attractive resort for tourists from the East. The hotel here is quite a large and fine building for a country place and is a well-kept house. Rogue River, too, in this vicinity, is a noted resort for lovers of the art piscatorial; while the climate as well as the scenery are all that could be desired. The railroad mentioned in the several instances shove is the Oregon and California, which extends from Portland, Oregon, to Ashland. It was intended to connect at the state line with the California and Oregon road, to be built north from Sacramento, Cal. The O.&C. was completed to Roseburg, Ogn., in 1872. Work was suspended for want of funds, and the road finally passed into other hands. Work was also suspended on the C.&O. at Redding, Cal., distant from Roseburg 280 miles. In 1882 work was resumed on the O.&C. at Roseburg, and late in the fall of 1883 [sic] the road was completed as far as Ashland, when work was again suspended, the $4,000,000 borrowed to complete the road from Roseburg to the state line being about gone. Work had not as yet been resumed on the C.&O. at Redding. Sometime after these events the Southern Pacific, the big railroad company of California, became the owners of the C.&O., and set themselves to the very difficult task of completing the road. The same company have also leased the O.&C. and are now practically the owners of it also; and, before this comes to hand, the two roads will be connected at Ashland, and the first through train--to be a grand excursion--will have passed over the road. We will then begin to feel that we are about out of the woods at last. The whole Pacific Coast is rapidly filling up with population, and there will be in time an immense freight and passenger business over this road. It will be the main link connecting Portland [with] the towns and cities on Puget Sound, as also those of British Columbia with San Francisco, the metropolis of the Pacific Coast. There will be not alone the local traffic and travel between these points and San Francisco, but all passengers from the East over the Canadian Pacific, the Northern Pacific, or the Union Pacific by way of the Oregon Short Line, desiring to go to San Francisco, will pass over this road. A few, it is true, may go down by sea; but it is believed that most will prefer to go overland. E. W. HAMMOND.
Woodville, Jackson Co., Dec. 10, 1887.Oregon Sentinel, Jacksonville, December 22, 1887, page 1 Last revised October 22, 2024 |
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