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The Infamous Black Bird Southern Oregon History, Revised


Jackson County News: 1855

See also my pages on the 1855-56 Rogue River Indian war.



    THE WINTER IN SISKIYOU.--The Herald of January 6th says:--"Since our last issue about two feet of snow has fallen in the valleys. How much there is on the mountains between this place and Shasta is as yet, to us, a matter of conjecture, as we have had no arrivals from that direction since the snow fell. It is somewhat cold, too, three degrees below zero this morning about sunrise." The snow in Rogue River Valley is about two feet deep; on the Siskiyou Mountain about six feet. The roofs of several houses in Jacksonville have been crushed by the weight of the snow.
"California," Moreton Bay Courier, Brisbane, Australia, May 5, 1855, page 4


GLEANINGS FROM THE CRESCENT CITY HERALD
OF JAN. 11, 1855
    A communication from Jacksonville says: The other day, in strolling through the neighboring diggings, some of which are very deep, I stopped near one shaft when I learned from the man at the windlass that it was twenty-six feet deep and the drift about thirty feet long by ten in width. Before I left, I had observed an unusual activity at the bottom of the shaft, followed by a shout of laughter, but it was only the next day that 1 learned that the three men at work there had taken out $300.
Del Norte Record, Crescent City, February 25, 1893, page 1


    SNOW.--The snow in Rogue River Valley is about two feet deep, on the Siskiyou Mountain about six feet. Several roofs have been crushed by the weight of the snow.--Ib.

Daily Alta California, San Francisco, January 14, 1855, page 2


    The following is an extract from a letter received from the Hon. A. C. Gibbs, dated Jacksonville, 10th Jan., 1855:
    "The merchants here are generally 'down on' Crescent City, and will ship all their goods to Gardiner next spring. They say they will contract for their freight from San Francisco, if to be done at reasonable rates. At all events they will send their goods by the Umpqua in the spring, and we must make it so easy for them as to keep the trade, which can be done.
    "I think plenty of teams can be got to haul at low rates. I heard of a large number wishing to go on the road, both in this county and in Douglas. The farmer must do something, and the days of big prices are passing away."
Umpqua Weekly Gazette,
Scottsburg, January 27, 1855, page 2


    By reference to an extract from Mr. Gibbs' letter, which we publish in another column, it will be seen that the enterprising merchants of Jacksonville are already turning their attention towards this place. They find that they cannot afford to pay from 12 to 15 cents for damaged goods (by way of Crescent City) when by transporting them through this place they can have them delivered in good order at greatly reduced rates.

"Keep It Before the People," Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, January 27, 1855, page 2   Goods from Crescent City came by pack train; a wagon road from Scottsburg to Jacksonville had been recently completed.


From the Crescent City Herald, Jan. 31, 1855.
    By way of Trinidad we receive the startling intelligence of an Indian war on the Klamath. From letters sent here, through some friendly Indians, from Trinidad, we are permitted to make the following extracts:
    "The greatest excitement exists here--the Redcap Indians have murdered six white men, viz: Thos. O'Neal, Proctor, Danham, Wheeler, Jack Smith and a German; several more were wounded. The whites have burnt Stone rancheria and killed five Indians at the mouth of Redwood Creek, and others at the Lagoon. By all means caution persons against coming down by land. Twenty men have just arrived who say that the upriver Indians have come down on the coast and are determined to pick off all lone travelers; a party of four is hardly safe, as the Indians have rifles."
    Another letter says: "I shall start the two Indians that came down with me tonight, and hope they may reach Crescent City in safety, although I think it exceedingly doubtful, as the whites are shooting them whenever an opportunity offers; for this reason I start them in the night, hoping they may be out of danger ere morning. On the Klamath the Indians have killed six white men, and I understand some stock. From the Salmon down the whites are in arms with a determination, I believe if possible, to destroy all the grown-up males, notwithstanding this meets with the opposition of some few who have favorite Indians amongst them. I doubt whether this discrimination should be made, as some who have been considered good have proved the most treacherous. I understand that the ferry of Mr. Boice, as also that of Mr. Simms, has been cut away. Messrs. Norton and Beard have moved their families from Elk Camp to Trinidad; they were the only white females in that section that were exposed to the savages. I have no doubt there will be warm times on the Klamath for some weeks, as the Indians are numerous, well armed and determined to fight."
Del Norte Record, Crescent City, March 18, 1893, page 1


    The Oregon Legislature have voted to remove the capital from Salem to Corvallis, in Benton County, and the university from Corvallis to Jacksonville.
"From Oregon," The Pacific, San Francisco, February 9, 1855, page 2



Correspondence of the Weekly Gazette.
Jacksonville, Jan. 24, 1855.
    Dear Boyd:--I turn from the press of business for a moment to write you and say that trade is slower than ever--flour is down to six, eight and ten cents--it is hard to cash a [check of a] large amount at any price; in consequence of this state of things, and the unabated demand for water to work out the "dust," every branch of industry is knocked very nearly dead.
    The committee on the Indian spoliation appropriation, now sitting here to receive and adjust claims against [the] government, are progressing, and will rise and go to their several homes about the 15th of February.
    Yours,                            H.
Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, February 10, 1855, page 2


    We have a letter from Wm. H. Packwood, late of this city, now at "Johnson's Diggings," Southern Oregon. He represents the miner's as a hard life, and that as much as most of them do is to make a living, without amassing sufficient means to return to the States. Farming is as much depressed as mining. Mr. Packwood says if the young men of Sangamon County knew when they were well off, they would stay at home. He says--"My advice to the young men of Illinois is that they stop where they are, where they can hear the neighing of the iron horse, and all other kinds of noises made by workmen attending to their trades and business, and whenever they see anything which appears to be exaggerated in regard to California and Oregon, set the same down as gas. I send you the worth of $2.30 in native gold for my subscription to the Journal."--[Ill. Jour.
Quincy Whig, Quincy, Illinois, February 3, 1855, page 1


    The bill to relocate the university at Jacksonville has passed the house, and its friends claim that it will pass the council tomorrow. Amen! and God speed it, say I. If Southern Oregon, with her immense mineral wealth, is worth having, it is worth preserving. The south has never been treated by this valley in any other light than that of an attachée. The south has felt this want of affinity of feeling--she has felt the aggressions of the older portions of the country--and she has watched with a jealous eye the manner in which the congressional appropriations have been converted to the sole and exclusive use and benefit of this valley. Once, indeed, she avowedly revolted, reared on high her youthful but vigorous crest, openly bid us defiance, and asked to be stricken off into a separate Territory, and I speak not unadvisedly when I say that a bill will pass the California legislature, during the present sitting, to annex the counties of Jackson and Coos to that state so soon as an act shall have passed this legislature striking them off. Let us, then, instead of treating our southern sister in the capacity of a hungry dog, affiliate with and treat her as she deserves, to consideration, respect, friendship and justice.
Jan. 22 letter signed "Multnomah," Oregonian, Portland, February 3, 1855, page 2


    By the latest intelligence we can gather from Jacksonville, the miners are having dull times. No rain of any consequence has fallen during the winter.
Oregon Spectator, Oregon City, March 3, 1855, page 2


    The gold mines of Southern Oregon and Northern California are now yielding fair profits to the miners, with a prospect of doing better when it rains more and affords more water. There is a brisk and a heavy trade now going on between the farming section of Oregon and the mines, in the way of flour, beef, pork, bacon and goods and groceries of every variety. The entire supply of these mines are now taken from Oregon.
Benjamin Cleaver, February 5, 1856, "Letter from Oregon," Daily Alton Telegraph, Alton, Illinois, March 31, 1855, page 2


Correspondence of the Weekly Gazette.
We Were Blind--Now We See!
    The experience of the last year has convinced us that Scottsburg is the point to which we should ship our goods. The wagon road is now opened from Jacksonville to Scottsburg, and there is fifteen thousand dollars of government money to be expended on the road between this and June next, which will make a first-rate wagon road. Farmers along the route are preparing to put teams on the road in the spring, and are willing to contract for the delivery of goods at Jacksonville for six cents a pound. Packers are throwing away their pack saddles and purchasing wagons, well knowing that they can haul cheaper than they can pack.
    All charges from San Francisco to this place will not exceed eight dollars a hundred--responsible men are now willing to contract for that price. We have been shipping to Crescent City till we are sick of it. Sometimes our goods are carried to Portland, then back to San Francisco--up and down again--because the harbor is so dangerous they cannot be landed. While Umpqua is acknowledged to be the best winter harbor from San Francisco to Puget Sound, and perfectly safe in the summer for all classes of vessels on this coast.
    Goods are frequently damaged in being landed at Crescent City through the surf. And to cap the climax, after all our winter goods had been landed there, those of us who had no mules were obliged to pay seventeen cents, and over, per pound for packing; as the saying is, they had the deadwood on us, and we were obliged to weigh out.
    Some say: "The wagon road will be opened to Crescent City next summer" Bah! It will cost one hundred thousand dollars, and all that can be raised is thirty thousand. Foreign capital cannot be obtained to open a road over a mountain so high that the snow falls ten feet deep on it in the winter, when the holders of the same can get 3 percent a month for their money, and good security.
    Again, there is a scarcity of feed on the route. Packers have to purchase hay, at over one hundred dollars a ton for the same, while the Scottsburg route is over the finest grazing country in Oregon.
    The Southerner is reported lost, north of the Columbia--what of that? A better steamer will gladly take her place. The advantages of the Umpqua are known, and a revolution of the trade of Southern Oregon and Northern California is at hand. Goods brought in wagons to this place, in original packages, are worth two cents per pound more than if packed.
    We now see--and our goods will be shipped to Scottsburg, and wagons will bring them here.
JACKSONVILLE MERCHANTS.
    Jan. 26, 1855.
Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, February 10, 1855, page 3


TAKEN UP.
    This is to certify that W. C. Myer, of Ashland precinct, Jackson County, O.T., brought before me, a Justice of the Peace, in and for said county, a cayuse horse, sorrel with a bald face, and three white feet, as an estray to be appraised, valued at $40--this 16th day of January, 1855.
S. H. Taylor, J.P.
Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, February 24, 1855, page 3


    JACKSONVILLE.--The Mountain Herald has the following extract from a letter of Mr. Dugan:
    "Business is on the improve. Dust will begin to come in soon. Miners are making some big strikes at the new diggings (Sterling). Three miners took out of their claims three days ago $1360."

Crescent City Herald, March 7, 1855, page 3


    Messrs. Oppenheimer and Peters of this place have just returned from a trip to the mines. They report "hard times," there not having been rain enough the past winter to materially assist the miners, in consequence of which money is very scarce. They inform us that several merchants in Jacksonville, who have bought goods in San Francisco, have ordered them to be shipped by way of the Umpqua River, instead of Crescent City; they find it to be a great deal cheaper and more safe to have their goods hauled on wagons from this place, instead of paying an enormous percent. to packers for damaged goods from Crescent City. We are glad that they are beginning to see the importance of this course.
Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, March 10, 1855, page 2


    
JACKSONVILLE, O.T., March 1.--No run has been made on either Cram, Rogers & Co. or Rhodes & Co. at this place, all persons having perfect confidence in the house.
Crescent City Herald, March 14, 1855, page 2  Adams & Co. had failed in February.


    The California Chronicle, upon striking a balance in its Homicide Calendar for 1854, concludes that one person of every six hundred in California will be killed by his neighbor in 1855--that in one-half the cases the weapons will be revolvers, in one-fourth knives, and in the remaining fourth guns and miscellaneous weapons. The prospect, so mathematically set forth, must be a comfortable one to Californians.
Detroit Free Press, March 18, 1855, page 2


SEALED PROPOSALS WILL BE RECEIVED at the office of the Assistant Quartermaster, No. 120 Sacramento Street, San Francisco, until the first day of June, 1855, for the transportation of stores from San Francisco, Cal., to Fort Lane and Fort Jones, O.T. [sic].
    There will be 13,000 pounds (more or less) of subsistence stores, together with a quantity of quartermaster stores, to be transported to Fort Lane; and 41,000 pounds (more or less) of subsistence stores, together with a quantity of quartermaster stores, to be transported to Fort Jones.
    The stores will be ready for shipment about the first of August, and it is expected that all the shipments will be completed by the 31st of October. The stores will be received at the wharf in San Francisco by the contractor, or his duly authorized agent, and the contractor to be responsible for any loss, or damage, which they may sustain, until delivered at their proper destination.
    Bonds for the faithful performance of the above contract will be required in the sum of ten thousand dollars, and the quartermaster reserves to himself the right to reject any or all the bids, the conditions of which may be satisfactory.
    For further information apply to
Brevet Major R. ALLEN,
    Assistant Quartermaster, U.S. Army.
San Francisco, Cal., March 26th, 1855.
Daily Alta California, San Francisco, April 12, 1855, page 1


    SAILOR DIGGINGS.--According to previous notice a sparring competition came off on Sunday, the 1st of April. Lots of gentlemen took part in the sport and proved themselves "no muggings" at all, but stood up boldly, even under occasional trickling of "claret" [blood]. All was taken in good part, however, and done for the sake of science. The closing scene was a set-to between the landlord of one of the hotels and the butcher boy; the latter came off victorious and "beef" rose accordingly.
Crescent City Herald, April 4, 1855, page 2


    
JACKSONVILLE.--We understand that steps are being taken immediately for the erection of a building for the use of the university which has been located at this place by the Legislative Assembly of Oregon.
    Great hopes are also entertained of concerting appropriate measures for bringing the waters of Applegate to the neighboring diggings.

Crescent City Herald, April 4, 1855, page 2


    PROCESSION AT JACKSONVILLE, OREGON.--The Yreka Herald publishes, from a correspondent, an amusing take-off of a supposed celebration at Jacksonville, Oregon. The following is given as the order of procession:
Three Trumpets,
Fifty-six Walla Wallas, eight abreast in full
armor, consisting of leggings and spurs,
as a guard of honor.
Ten digger squaws, with papooses in baskets,
twenty buck Indians bearing old boots.
The Gyascutus, wheeling
himself in a handcart.
Committee on the Applegate Water Ditch,
seventy abreast, supported by
Marshals.
Banner of the city (a shield azure, on which is
emblazoned a jackass rampant, refers to
the name of the city), supported
by two multitudes;
The crest, a coyote's head with a suckling pig
in his mouth.
Two men mounted, going the other way;
children of the public schools (when-
ever they get a school).
The horse, mare and "Auld women" of the
Burg.
Orator of the day in a meat wagon drawn by
two spavined mules, on which (the
wagon) had been erected
a platform of fifty
feet elevation.
Nevada Journal, Nevada City, California, April 6, 1855, page 1


    FROM 
JACKSONVILLE.--We learn from a gentleman who has arrived from Jacksonville that the miners in the vicinity of that place, and at Sterling, have been doing well for some time past. The weather was dry, and the miners apprehended that water would soon be scarce if rain did not fall again this spring. Business was rather dull.
Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, April 14, 1855, page 2


    THE CROPS.--We are pleased to learn that the crops in the Umpqua and Rogue River valleys look very promising. Persons say that they have never saw them better at this season of the year. We believe that the above-named valleys will produce sufficient grain for the consumption of the inhabitants, and probably a large overplus.

Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, April 14, 1855, page 2


Jackson Co., O.T. Democratic Convention.
    The proceedings of the Democratic Co. Convention of Jackson County is published in the Yreka Herald of the 31st ult., and we take the liberty of transferring them to our columns. We hope our friends in Jackson County will not be offended at us for so doing. It has been our earnest desire to cooperate with the Democratic Party throughout the Territory, and we would have been pleased to receive a copy of the proceedings of the Jackson County Convention for publication. We have no comments to make on the proceedings, for we hold that any person or portion of the Democratic Party have the right to express his or their preferences for candidates for any office whatever, from the President of the United States down to a supervisor of a road district.
    The Democratic Convention to elect eight delegates to represent Jackson County in the Territorial Convention was held at the courthouse, in Jacksonville, on the 24th March 1855.
    The convention was organized by appointing D. Newcomb, president, L. F. Mosher and A. J. Kane, secretaries.
    John F. Miller, S. H. Taylor and James Tatem were appointed a committee on credentials, who reported the following delegates present:
    Ashland--Jas. H. Russell, Thos. Smith, Jas. Kilgore.
    Applegate--G. B. Davidson.
    Butte Creek--D. Newcomb, Jas. Tatem, F. O'Neil.
    Dardanelles--Geo. H. Ambrose, A. J. Kane, John Benjamin.
    Canon Creek--A. P. Turner, H. W. Wixem.
    Jacksonville--S. H. Taylor, J. F. Miller, L. F. Mosher.
    Sterling--Geo. Manville, David Powell, Isaac Skeeters.
    Eden--S. D. VanDyke, Geo. Vining.
    The report was adopted.
    The present having stated the object of the meeting, the convention proceeded to an election, which resulted in the choice of the following persons as delegates: George H. Ambrose, Richard Dugan, John F. Miller, Jas. H. Russell, David Powell, James Kilgore, A. P. Turner, L. F. Mosher.
    The following resolutions were unanimously adopted.
    Resolved, That the delegates be instructed to cast their votes in convention in favor of Gen. Joseph Lane, as the choice of Jackson County for Delegate to Congress.
    Resolved, That in case of the absence of any of the delegates, the balance be entitled to cast the whole eight votes of this county.
    On a motion of Mr. Smith it was:
    Resolved, That a central committee of five be appointed to apportion the number of delegates to each precinct, and to call together the county convention on the 21st of April next.
    S. H. Taylor, Geo. H. Ambrose, A. P. Turner, Thos. Smith and D. Newcomb were appointed said committee.
    On motion of Mr. Taylor,
    Resolved, That the delegates from each precinct to this convention act as precinct committee until others are appointed by the people.
    The convention then adjourned.
D. NEWCOMB, Prest.
L. F. Mosher and A. J. Kane, Secretaries.
Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, April 14, 1855, page 2


    LETTER FROM GEN. LANE.--We find in the
Yreka Herald of the 31st the following letter from Gen. Lane, which we publish for the benefit of all who are interested in the Rogue River war claims:
Washington City, Feb. 18.
    G. W. Tyler, Esq.--Dear Sir: You will not think hard of me for not writing. I am and have been constantly busy.
    I have finally succeeded in procuring an adjustment of the expenses of the Rogue River war. Some vouchers have been returned for certificate and proper authentication. By this mail drafts for a considerable amount will go out to the care of the Governor of Oregon for the benefit of the parties concerned. By next mail the balance will go out, except such as have, as above stated, been returned. In a few days the rolls for payment will be forwarded to a paymaster, who will proceed to Jacksonville and Yreka and pay the troops, officers and men.
    This matter has been a most troublesome affair, but I have at last succeeded in obtaining justice, and the people will ere long have their pay.
    Your friend,
        JOSEPH LANE.
Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, April 14, 1855, page 3


    NEW MINES.--Diggings of coarse gold are reported to have been discovered sixty miles further up Rogue River. The beach diggings have in a great measure been abandoned for the new placers.

Crescent City Herald, April 18, 1855, page 2


MARRIED:
    At Crescent City, April 8th, Mr. WM. COLLINS, to Miss MARY FLINGLING, all of Jackson County, Rogue River Valley, O.T.
Daily Alta California, San Francisco, April 22, 1855, page 2


    By a letter received from Jacksonville we learn that Col. T'Vault, and a man by the name of Mason had a fight recently. Mason stabbed T'Vault, and it was supposed he would not recover from the wound.

Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, April 28, 1855, page 2


    This is the way they do timid virgins and modest young men in Jacksonville. (Jacksonville, however, is in Oregon.*):--
    A young (but very simple) woman, anxious for a husband, was married to an individual of undoubted character (laziness being the most prominent), by a fictitious ceremony. After the happy couple had retired, their ears were greeted by a splendid serenade of cow bells, tin pans, bones, etc. The door was then opened, the loving couple "en deshabille" compelled to kiss each other, the connubial bedstead was fractured, and finally, in the morning, the husband left with a pack train.
Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, April 28, 1855, page 3    *To distinguish it from Jacksonville, California.


From the Crescent City Herald, May, 1855.
    Some apprehensions are entertained of another Indian war in Illinois Valley, O.T. The Indians are stealing cattle.
    We are informed that a man who goes by the name of "Potato Waga" (having been the first to raise potatoes in the neighborhood of Orleans Bar) got into a spree and shot at some Indians, wounding one warrior and a squaw.
    The Yreka Herald says: An affray occurred at Sterling, last week, in which a Mr. Day was accidentally shot by one Livingstone, of Crescent City notoriety.…
    A letter from Indian Creek dated May 14, says: A company of seven miners were at work on the South Fork of this creek. Yesterday being Sunday, five of them came down to this place. Of the two remaining ones, one went out hunting, leaving the other, a man by the name of J. B. Hills, of Washington, alone in the camp. He is supposed to have been in bed and asleep when the Indians broke through the window, dragged him out, stabbed him, and then endeavored to cut off his head with an ax they found in the cabin. They then plundered the cabin of whatever they could lay their hands on, and decamped. A statement of the circumstances attending this tragedy was then made to a meeting of miners, who immediately organized a company of volunteers, numbering 25 men, J. W. Burke being elected captain. They are now preparing to pursue the Indians, who are supposed to be either Scott or Rogue River Indians.
    The Chinese at that time were looked upon about the same as they are today, judging from the following from Bestville, Salmon River: "The miners here were taken all aback by the report currently circulated that 1000 Chinamen, like Pharoah's frogs, would be in upon us in a few days. A mass meeting of the miners of this river was held today, April 1, on Sawyer's Bar. The Chinese were driven out of Shasta and Siskiyou counties, and at the meeting, a preamble and resolutions were adopted. Two of the resolutions read: Resolved: That it shall be unlawful for any Chinaman to buy or hold a mining claim on this river; Provided, That nothing in this resolution shall prevent the Chinamen who now have claims on the river from working them until such time as the laws of the state shall interfere in our behalf. Resolved, That all Chinamen who were on the river prior to the 20th day of March last shall be allowed to remain in accordance with the foregoing resolution; and all who have come since that time shall be requested to leave. The subject of Chinese emigration to this country is one in which the Californians begin to manifest some interest. It is very evident that something must be done; our laws allow their coming, but popular opinion is against it, and finally the Legislature must yield to the voice of the people."
Del Norte Record, Crescent City, April 15, 1893, page 1


    INDIAN TREATIES EAST OF THE CASCADES.--We learn that Gen. Palmer, Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Oregon, and Gov. Stevens of this territory, says the Pioneer and Democrat, will, in May next, treat jointly with the tribes common to the two territories--the Walla Wallas, the Cayuses and the Nez Perces, who occupy lands in both territories--will be assembled in the Walla Walla Valley, and there is every prospect of negotiations being successful.
    The Yakimas, Klickitats, Pisquows, Okanagans and the Palouses, all of this territory, will be assembled at the same time and place, as well as the remaining small bands of both territories, adjacent to the waters of the Columbia.
    We are gratified to learn, says the Portland Times, that through the instrumentality of General Lane, Gov. Stevens, Judge Lancaster, and the California delegation in Congress, we are to have Ocean Mail Service, semi-monthly from San Francisco to Olympia, touching at Humboldt Bay, Trinidad, Crescent City, Port Orford, Gardiner City or Umpqua, Shoalwater Bay, Port Townsend, Astoria and such other points as may be designated by the Postmaster General. We learn that the steamships Peytona and America, both favorites with Oregonians, are to be employed in this service. Their pay is limited to $120,000 per annum. The towns down the coast, Southern Oregon, and Northern Washington will now be served with news as they ought to have been long since. And by this additional service, Oregon or the Willamette Valley will be supplied with a States mail every week--as this additional service does not in the least interfere with the present contracts of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, consequently they will perform their semi-monthly service as heretofore. The new service will be put on, we are informed by Gen. Lane, immediately.
    TELEGRAPH IN OREGON.--The agents of the Portland and Corvallis line of telegraph are "blazing out the line" preparatory to letting contracts for setting the poles. Oregon City, Lafayette, Dayton and Salem are to be points on the route, provided sufficient encouragement is given to the work by those interested in the above mentioned points.
Sacramento Daily Union, May 1, 1855, page 1


    NEW MINES.--The correspondent of the Yreka Herald says that extensive mines have been discovered on the North Fork of Applegate Creek. 1500 persons have already taken claims, and it is asserted that 5000 could find claims paying from $8 to $50 per day. Water abundant. These mines are about 75 miles from Crescent City and on the main route to Yreka.

Crescent City Herald, May 2, 1855, page 4


MARRIED.
    In Rogue River Valley, on Wednesday the 25th ult., at the residence of Mr. Isaac Hill, by the Rev. Mr. Stearns, Mr. A. V. Gillette and Miss Martha L. Hill.
Shasta Courier, Shasta City, California, May 5, 1855, page 2


Jacksonville.
The New Mines on Applegate--Necessity of a Geological Survey.
    From a correspondence we find in the Yreka Herald and dated Jacksonville, April 21, we extract the following:
    The miners are doing well in most quarters, and new diggings have recently been discovered on the upper portion of Applegate, which promise to pay well. But in order to develop our mining resources, it is highly necessary that the proposed ditch from Applegate should be speedily completed, and it is to be hoped that a portion of the moneys received from government for Indian depredations may be applied to this end, for it will yield more ample profits to the holder thereof in this manner than by any other investment. Farmers hold most of this fund, and to ensure the sale of their produce, they must assist the miners. The ditch is the mainspring to develop these mutual benefits. The mining region here has never been prospected, and where it has been worked will now pay as well as ever. Neither science or energy have yet, to any extent, been applied to the Jacksonville mines and its vicinity. If a thorough geological survey was ordered and paid for by government, some strange accounts of the real mineral riches of this beautiful valley would be disclosed which even its most sanguine friends do not now dream of. Whoever makes this survey must be a scientific man, and with the broad aegis of the U.S. over his operations, so as to give him a credence which any private communication can never do. Northern California is in need of such a survey as much as this Territory, and why cannot this be procured in the next Congress?
Yours truly,                R. d'C.
Crescent City Herald, May 9, 1855, page 1


    BUSINESS IN CRESCENT CITY.--The Herald says trade is lively, and from fifty to two hundred mules are dispatched most every day heavily loaded to the mines at Sailor Diggings, Althouse, Jacksonville and the various localities on the Upper Klamath as far as Yreka. Since the disappearance of the francs, silver change is getting very scarce. Gold coin is also much in demand, and gold dust has been offered at $16½ an ounce in exchange for coin.
Daily Placer Times and Transcript, San Francisco, May 9, 1855, page 3


    ROGUE RIVER WAR PAY.--A letter from a friend in Salem, O.T. informs us that a small portion of the Treasury warrants for the payment of subsistence, foreign and other supplies furnished on account of the Rogue River War of '53 will arrive in the course of a week. Governor Curry will make arrangements to forward them to the proper persons at an early day. The payment for services rendered will be made in money by Major Alvord, U.S.A., at Yreka City, Jacksonville and Salem. It will probably be three or four months before the proper arrangements can be made to do so.--Mountain Herald.

Crescent City Herald, May 9, 1855, page 4


    Business has greatly improved during the past week. There are about one hundred mules in town, loading for Jacksonville and Yreka. We learn from gentlemen who have just arrived from the interior that there will be quite a number of wagons here in a few days. Present appearance indicate that there will be a large amount of business transacted here this summer.
    We notice that considerable quantities of goods for merchants of Jacksonville and Yreka were shipped to this place on the steamer Goliah.
Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, May 12, 1855, page 2


Bounty Lands
FOR SOLDIERS WHO SERVED
In the Rogue River or Cayuse Wars

    The undersigned will attend to the procuring of bounty lands, under the new act of Congress, for persons who have been regularly mustered into the United States service for the term of fourteen days or more. Persons who were engaged in either of the Indian wars in this country, and all widows and orphans of such persons, are entitled to 160 acres of land, and by forwarding the necessary proof of their service to the undersigned, the official forms will be made out and forwarded to the proper department at Washington, which will ensure the return of a
LAND WARRANT
For the applicant.
    Having a competent agent at Washington, it enables me to transact this kind of business with great efficiency and dispatch. Charges moderate.
    Address--
G. D. R. BOYD,
    Scottsburg, O.T.
Umpqua Weekly Gazette, Scottsburg, May 12, 1855, page 3


For the Oregonian.
Port Orford Mines.

PORT ORFORD, April 3, 1855.
    Editor Oregonian, Sir: Hoping my letter may do some good to some of the unemployed men in your vicinity, and some information to your numerous readers, I send you this line. I fear that the letter-writers from this place, last year, caused so much trouble that I fear there will be some that may think I have some design in writing, but I have no other than this: Myself and several others want men to work, and are willing to pay good wages for them. Upon Cape Blanco beach there are wanted from 35 to 50 men to work by the mouth at from $40 to $60 per month, mining, and their pay sure. I will give you a statement of the diggings there. The beach is about one mile long that has been prospected, and will pay from $5 to $50 per day to the man, every foot. (Don't anyone start thinking to get a claim, for they are all claimed now and have been for a year.) Claims are held at from $50 to $1,000. There have been but four claims worked this winter, and they have paid very well. The tides have prevented the rest from working, but as they are getting less every day, as soon as men can be had every claim will be worked. Cobern & Backenstow's claim is paying $16 per day to the hand; they work five men. Mr. Blakely's has paid all winter, and is paying now  $25 per day to the man. He works two and three men. He has taken out $3,600 since last fall, and says that had he have had the drop riffle he would have taken out $1,000 more. Mr. Worden & Co. have water about three hours each day, and take out from $10 to $20 per day. Mr. Coffee and his two boys, the youngest is about ten years old, pump their water and take out about $40 per day, and have done the same all winter. Above here there is a large amount of the beach that will pay with the drop riffle. This is a new method for saving gold with quicksilver, and by far the best that has ever been used here. It was got up and brought to its present perfection by the miners on the beach in this vicinity, and is no patent and can be had for the making. If there are any men that are out of employment in your vicinity, they, as I said before, can get employment, and as there are claims for sale, they can buy by paying a good price. By the way, I have no claims for sale. There is about a mile of beach below Port Orford that will pay from $3 to $5 per day; but little of it is taken. But it costs something to get started. No one can begin at all without getting a tom and drop riffle, shovel and quicksilver. The miners on the beach at Rogue River are doing well; some of the claims are paying as high as $50 per day to the man. At Coquille, those that are working are doing well, and many more of the miners will be at work in the course of this month. We have had no new diggings struck, nor any excitement this winter, and I hope we will not have any of the latter again.
Yours, respectfully,
    JOHN W. SUTTON.
Weekly Oregonian, Portland, May 12, 1855, page 1


    THE MILITARY ROAD.--The several parties who have contracts on the military road from this place to Myrtle Creek are progressing very rapidly with their work, and the majority of them will have their contracts completed previous to the time specified--the 1st of June. That portion of the road which is being made by Mr. Wells, between Mr. Bratton's and Mr. Spicer's, will be a great improvement on the present traveled route. We notice that where Mr. Wells has finished the road he has done it well; we think, however, that it would add much to its permanency if ditches were made on the upper side of the road, and culverts under it at those places where there are springs running the whole season. With a good wagon road from Scottsburg to Jacksonville, and regular steam communication between San Francisco and the Umpqua, we can offer great inducements to the business men of Rogue River Valley and Yreka and vicinity to buy their goods here, or ship their freight from San Francisco to this port, than either Crescent City, Shasta or any place south of this.--Umpqua Gazette.
Daily Placer Times and Transcript, San Francisco, May 15, 1855, page 2


    ROGUE RIVER VALLEY.--The other day we had the pleasure of examining some flour from the Eagle Mills, owned by Messrs. Thomas Bros., 15 miles from Jacksonville. The flour is of the whitest and finest quality and cannot be excelled by any manufactured in Oregon or California. These mills are fast becoming very popular throughout the northern mines, and their product commands readily one or two cents more per pound than any other flour.
    The best qualities of butter and cheese are also produced in abundance through this extensive valley. Some of the cheese we received from there is tiptop, and fit to grace a king's table.
Crescent City Herald, May 16, 1855, page 2


Correspondence of the Gazette.
Sterling, April 26, 1855.
    Mr. Editor: Push along, just keep moving, has been our maxim for life, and obeying the mandate we have found ourself snugly stored away for the night in the big house with heaven for a roof, near Sterling, On every hand it is dig! dig! dig! and all for gold. Thank God (if it be not profanity) that there is something that will induce men to work. The miners are doing well; the greatest cry is water--water to cool--to fill our toms and no coin for the dust. Once in a while we have a row to keep up excitement, now and then an accident to keep up sympathy, a horse or two stolen for talk's sake or to help some poor devil off to parts unknown. The roads are bad, the Grave Creek Hills and on to Rogue River absolutely dangerous; they steal flour from widow women, threaten to kill calves, run off horses, occasionally hang a man, pickpockets, no telling, while Judge Lynch quietly leans against the old pine with the lasso in one hand and the cowhide in the other, around him the pick-and-shovel men in humble attitude watching the proceedings of the civil law. Ah me, how times have generated. No more till I get another sharp stick to write with.
    Yours,                N.T.
Umpqua Gazette, Scottsburg, May 19, 1855, page 2


For the Umpqua Gazette.
    On hearing Miss Susan Sniggs say she thought the bachelors of Oregon the best-natured, industrious and contented class of people she ever [did] see.
    Humph! I guess, Miss Susan, you don't know much about them. You haven't been here long, just come across the Plains. I thought so. By the time you have summered and wintered near them, had them for your nearest neighbors, you could find out the difference. Good-natured: You haven't seen them in the morning when they was building fire curse and swear, throw the wood helter skelter, because it was green and would not burn? You haven't seen them when a log fell and tipped over the coffee pot, kick the inoffensive coffee pot until it was more battered than a drunkard's hat? Or seen them wring the neck of a neighbor's pet chicken, because it hopped onto the table and broke a plate? Or seen them kick the dog until it became a cripple, because it stole a paltry piece of meat from the spider? Or seen them take the cat by the nape of the neck and sling her out of the window because she lapped their gravy? You haven't seen them, huh? Well, I have.
    Now what do you call industrious? Lying in bed until eleven o'clock a cold morning because it saves firewood? Or letting the weeds grow and choke the corn because it makes the back ache to weed it? Or refusing to plant a garden because it is some work to fence it? Do you call that industrious? Contented: Oh, Susan, if you had seen them after sauntering through the day, sitting at eve, hovering over a few dying embers, smoking a nasty black pipe, heaving sigh after sigh, enough to rend the heart of an oak, you would exclaim--"Contentment would ne'er dwell in a bachelor's hat."
    Now, Susan, you are young and pretty, with a heart as tender as a young chicken's; beware, never marry an Oregon bachelor; better take a widower with nine children. How would you like, after being married a month or so, if your bread was a little heavy, have your husband ask you, why you do not make as good bread as he used to, or have him
tell you your pots and kettles were not in good order. Or, after doing a hard day's work, you say you are tired, he says he would like to know what has tired you, for he used to do the work in the house and out of doors too. You would not like it, would you. Then be careful. For after they have had their liberty, or you may say run wild for a year or two, they are no more fit to become the partner of a loving and gentle woman than the Oregon panther.
TABITHA.
Umpqua Gazette, Scottsburg, May 19, 1855, page 3


MARRIED.
    In Rogue River Valley, May 3rd, by Rev. T. F. Royal, LEWIS H. ZIGLER to MISS SARAH PLYMALE, both of Jackson County, O.T.
Sacramento Daily Union, May 26, 1855, page 2


    ILLINOIS 
VALLEY, O.T.--Some apprehensions are entertained of another Indian war in that section of country. The Indians have again taken to stealing cattle and [have] committed other outrages upon the property of the whites. The Indian agent, it is reported, is actively engaged in the endeavor to effect an amicable settlement of the difficulties and thus prevent an outbreak. An Indian boy, while riding the bell mare of a pack train, was recently killed by the Indians in the neighborhood of Mooney's ranch (Deer Creek Valley). The murderers of Jas. B. Hills, of Indian Creek, have not yet been discovered.
Crescent City Herald, May 30, 1855, page 2


    NEW TRAIL TO CRESCENT CITY.--Messrs. Jackson and others of Buckeye Bar contemplate starting to cut a new trail from that place to Illinois Valley, thence to Crescent City. Mr. J. says that they have a low pass in the Siskiyou, nearly north from the mouth of McKinney Creek on the Klamath, and that a good trail can be got, and that it will shorten the distance between Yreka and Crescent City some 30 or 40 miles and represents the grass on the route as good. From the Klamath to Yreka the trail is already tolerably good, and with a slight improvement in places could be made an excellent pack trail.

Crescent City Herald, May 30, 1855, page 2


From the Crescent City Herald, June, 1855.
    On the 1st, six men were killed by the Indians in Illinois Valley.
    There are reported to be from three to five hundred miners working on Althouse Creek with very good success.
    Port Orford is "gone in." There are some twenty-odd soldiers stationed there; the balance of the population hardly amounts to an equal number. Three stores, put up a year ago at a cost of from $500 to $1100 each, were recently sold for a gold watch worth about $100.
    The Yreka Herald says: Hamburg Bar, situated on the Klamath, two miles below the mouth of Scott River, contains a population of about 30 or 40 miners. They have two trading posts. In the claim of Messrs. Martin and White, they took out in one day $900 to three men. In the same claim they took out in one week $1,714.
Del Norte Record, Crescent City, April 22, 1893, page 1


    There are apprehensions of serious Indian difficulties on Rogue River.

Umpqua Gazette, Scottsburg, June 2, 1855, page 2


    
ILLINOIS VALLEY, O.T.--The Indian troubles in that section are far from being settled. The Indian agent, Dr. Ambrose, we are informed is using every exertion to concentrate them on the reservation on Rogue River. Tuesday before last, some of them drove away Reef's cattle, and a party of volunteers in pursuit of them surprised, on Tuesday, four Indians supposed to be their scouts. Firing, they killed one Indian and wounded the others, who retreated into the bushes.
Crescent City Herald, June 6, 1855, page 2


    ALTHOUSE CREEK.--There are reported to be from three to five hundred miners working on this creek with very good success.

Crescent City Herald, June 6, 1855, page 2


From Illinois Valley.
SIX MEN KILLED BY THE INDIANS
IN ILLINOIS VALLEY.

    As we finish writing the above, we learn from packers just arrived that on Saturday last, the Indians killed four white men (travelers, as far as we could ascertain) and two Chinese, in Illinois Valley, O.T. (some 50 miles distant from here). Wm. Shelly is reported to have been severely wounded.
Crescent City Herald, June 6, 1855, page 2


    Information has just reached this place that the Indians in Rogue River Valley have again commenced depredations on the whites. Report says that sixteen whites have been killed. The U.S. troops have been ordered to the scene of hostilities from Fort Jones.
    The election at Jacksonville went off quietly--only four fights and nobody killed.
    Gen. Joe Lane, so far as heard from, is ahead of his opponent, Gaines.
"Later from Oregon," Sacramento Daily Union, June 12, 1855, page 3


    
ROGUE RIVER WAR PAY.--The Mountain Herald publishes the following order:
"War Department, Jan. 2nd, 1855.
   "The Auditor will state the accounts for payment allowing to officers and men the rates received by dragoons in California and Oregon, in the Army Appropriation Act of Sept. 28, 1850, and allowing further to the mounted men, commissioned officers and privates of the mounted companies pay for the use of their horses at the rate of $4 per day for the time they were in service, but limiting the amount to be paid for the use of the horse so that it shall in no case exceed twice the appraised value of the animal.
"JEFF. DAVIS,
    "Secretary of War."
    And adds in explanation:
    "The act of 1850 above referred to gives double the pay of the regular soldiers to the rank and file, and an additional allowance of $2 per day to the officers. This was a law which ceased in its operation in favor of the regular army on the 1st of March, 1852. The addition was given for service upon this coast. This, together with the allowance for the use of horses, makes the pay received by the volunteers of the Rogue River war the best ever given to any troops in the United States. Besides the pay each man can get 160 acres of land by the present Bounty Land Law."

Crescent City Herald, June 13, 1855, page 1


    MAIL ROUTE FROM CRESCENT CITY TO 
JACKSONVILLE, O.T.--We have been often complaining of the want of mail facilities in Northern California, and are the more pleased to learn now from J. J. Arrington, our late member of Assembly, that proposals had been invited by the Post Office Department during the past winter, and were published in the Washington Globe, for a semi-monthly mail route from Crescent City to Jacksonville, touching at Sailor Diggings and other intermediate points. We are further informed that several bids for the route had been sent in, and that in all probability the next U.S. mail may bring out the award of the Department.
Crescent City Herald, June 13, 1855, page 2


    
ILLINOIS VALLEY, O.T.--Our correspondent from Sailor Diggings, whose letter will be found in another column, gives a succinct account of the situation of Indian affairs in that section. By later advices we learn that the Indians are congregated in the neighborhood of Deer and Slate creeks, that the volunteers have been within sight of them, but found their own number too small to attack them with success. On Saturday last the Indians robbed the house of Mr. Chapman.
Crescent City Herald, June 13, 1855, page 2


    CONTRACT.--We learn that the contract for forwarding supplies from San Francisco to Fort Lane, O.T., via Crescent City, was awarded to Col. A. J. Butler, at what rates we could not ascertain.

Crescent City Herald, June 13, 1855, page 2


    NORTHERN MAILS.--The Klamath Herald, in regretting the want of postal facilities between San Francisco and Crescent City, takes occasion to say that a mail route from the latter place to Yreka is an absolute necessity, and would accommodate a large portion of Northern California and Southern Oregon. The last Legislature very properly recommended the establishment of a mail service from Trinidad to Yreka, but Crescent City was not even enough thought of by the Legislature to be made a participant in the bestowal of such a cheap favor. Recommendations, however, are worthless as long as the Department insists upon the principle that the remuneration for such service shall not exceed the net proceeds of the route, and it will be some time yet before we shall see a mail carrier through that northern country, where traveling is rather dear sport, unless the Post Office Department could increase the rates of postage.
Sacramento Daily Union, June 15, 1855, page 2


What We May Expect from the "Parties."
    Mr. W. L. Adams--DEAR SIR:--Your paper meets with strong opposition from certain quarters out here, owing to its Know Nothing proclivities. The Democrats endeavor to create the impression among the people that it is a wolf in sheep's clothing, coming wrapped in the mantle of Temperance and Reform, when in reality it is a Whig-Know Nothing paper, got up for the express purpose of furthering the "anti-Republican principles of the secret order of Know Nothings" &c.    *    *    *
    There is, however, a respectable number of citizens in this valley that are opposed to slavery and its further extension--men who are in favor of a prohibitory liquor law, and who have long deplored the necessity of a paper in Oregon that would rise above the contaminating influences of party politics, and advocate those great principles of reform and progress that are now agitating the whole people of the North--questions which they conceive to be of paramount importance to the future welfare of society, even in Oregon. Such men hail the appearance of the Oregon Argus with delight, as a mark of the advancement of society in moral reform in Oregon, and as the medium through which can be disseminated the opinions and views of the people on these important topics. Such men will give it a warm and hearty support.
    I do not believe there is anything to be gained for these great principles from the present political parties, as they are organized. What think you, Mr. Editor?
    For instance if the Whigs of this country had adopted the resolutions that passed at [the] Yamhill County convention, not one half of the Whigs in this county would have voted the ticket. Thus you see whiggery in Yamhill County is just the opposite to whiggery in Jackson County.
    There was a political meeting in this neighborhood on the 17th inst. The Democrats boldly advocated the doctrine of "squatter sovereignty" and opposition to a prohibitory liquor law. There was but one Whig candidate present; he followed suit and advocated the Kansas-Nebraska bill and "squatter sovereignty," and when asked his opinion on the temperance question he did not think it a party question, but thought probably he would use his influence in favor of temperance. Now I would like to know, Mr. Editor, how we should act in order to remedy these evils?    *    *    *
    The grand jury of this county indicted the merchants of Jacksonville for keeping open houses on the Sabbath, and also the liquor vendors for the same offense. The houses will probably be closed from this on, as the American portion of the merchants are in favor of it.
Yours &c.,
    J. M. McC.  [John M. McCall?]
Jackson Co., O.T., May 19th.
Oregon Argus, Oregon City, June 16, 1855, page 2


    THE MINES.--The mining operations in Southern Oregon are almost entirely suspended for the want of sufficient water. It is said there has been less rain during the last winter and spring than ever before.
Oregonian, Portland, June 16, 1855, page 2


Indian Affairs in Illinois Valley.
    Up to the time of our last issue the Indian difficulties in that section had progressed to an alarming extent. Volunteer companies were in search of the Indians, who had all left the reservation on Rogue River. Judge Peters, Mr. Rosborough and others on their way to this city were induced to return to Jacksonville. Mr. T. A. Jackson came through accompanied by a guard a short distance of the route, and two days after his arrival a letter was received, written by Mr. Shoudy, and dated Applegate, June 10th, from which, by permission, we make the following extract:
    "Yesterday Mr. Jackson got Mr. J. Dyer and Mr. D. McHues to guard him over to Mooney's Ranch. On returning home they were waylaid by the Indians and both killed, one having received seven balls and the other ten through the body in various places. Some soldiers who passed along this morning found the bodies and buried them. This of course causes considerable excitement, and families are obliged to move to places of safety. Travel has for the moment almost ceased, and there is but little doing in the diggings here or at Jacksonville. It has rained all this afternoon and two or three trains have just come through without experiencing any trouble."
    These statements are fully corroborated by Mr. Cornwall, the expressman, who came in a few days after.
    THE INDIAN DIFFICULTIES IN ILLINOIS VALLEY SETTLED.--From G. S. Rice, of Sailor Diggings, we learn that news had been brought in of the adjustment of the Indian troubles, it being reported that the Indians returned to the reservation after having given up six of their number concerned in the murder of J. B. Hill on Indian Creek and also in the murder of Dyer and McHues on Applegate.
    P.S.--Mr. B. F. Dorris of this city returned last evening from Yreka; he passed through Illinois Valley on Sunday, reports everything quiet and confirms the statement that the murderers of Hills, Dyer and McHues were given up to the Indian agent. Some soldiers and volunteers, however, are still out.
Crescent City Herald, June 20, 1855, page 2


Correspondence of the Crescent City Herald.
Althouse Creek, June 7, 1855.
    Eds. Herald--Having become very well acquainted with the diggings in this region, I offer this for insertion in your columns, hoping it may prove valuable to the wandering yeomanry at least, not that I do not sympathize with the legals, the faculty and particularly the one-horse politicians, but being of the digging class myself, it is but natural that "birds of a feather flock together." I can cheerful concur with "G. T." in his report, yet I know he underrates the products of Althouse; so far as he states is true enough, but still he knows very well that there are companies who are doing a bigger business in digging than he is, and I will take the liberty to assert, from personal knowledge, that he realizes at least forty dollars per day to the man in his claim, consisting of 250 yards.
    There is about 14 miles of diggings known as Althouse diggings, consisting of the South and Southeast Forks, and I cannot hear of a single company who are washing that are not making at least five dollars to the man per day, and occasionally very large strikes. "G. T's" claim, I hear from a reliable source, yielded 104 oz. in one week. The number of men employed I don't know. Many others are doing a big business.
    Sucker Creek, I am told, is entirely abandoned in consequence of the hostilities of the Indians.
    There are some two or three companies running drifts in the low hills near Democratic Gulch who are striking rich leads of coarse gold. There is plenty of room for many more. Come ahead all who desire to fulfill the mandates of the good book (by the sweat of thy brow thou shalt eat bread). We red-shirted, gum-booted, long-whiskered fellows won't turn our backs even to ye hawkers of popcorn, pill-peddling quacks, shenanigan legals, nor even the assuming codfish aristocracy. Come right along, and if you are verdant we will show you the modus operandi of getting ripened.
Yours,                 KENTUCK.
Crescent City Herald, June 20, 1855, page 2


    INDIANS.--We understand that the Indians on the Klamath River between Humbug and Scott River are becoming quite insolent--trespassing on the property of the whites and making assertions that "they would act as they pleased, as it was their own land," &c. We would invite the attention of the Indian agent to this. The inhabitants of that, as well as all other parts of the county, are law-abiding, taxpaying people, and are entitled to the support and protection of the government. These people are able and willing to protect themselves, but would prefer having the proper authorities attend to this matter. Otherwise they will be forced to protect their own lives and property.--Yreka Herald.

Umpqua Gazette, Scottsburg, June 30, 1855, page 2


    THE REPORTED MASSACRE OF THE KLAMATH CONTRADICTED.--We take the following extract from a letter from Mr. Whipple, Indian agent, to the Crescent City Herald: "I am happy to inform you that the story of the massacre at this place on the night of the 2nd of June was, like most of the reports derived from Indians, entirely without foundation. I found everything going on well. Imagine if you can the astonishment of Hamilton and others when they read of their murder. Get out of the scrape of killing six innocent young men as best you can, and when you feel like making another onslaught, Mr. Shelton gives you leave to put him also on the list."
    TRADE IN CRESCENT CITY.--Papers from Crescent City, dated the 20th of June, give the following résumé of business matters in that flourishing locality:
    "The Indian difficulties in Illinois Valley, O.T. have as yet affected our trade but little if any. Packers, traders and travelers follow the route as usual, without even getting a sight of the Indians, and many therefore believe that the rumors which reach us from that quarter are very much exaggerated. We noticed even, during the past two weeks, more than an average number of trains in town, loading up and making heavy drafts upon our stocks of merchandise, which are as quickly replaced and improved upon by means of three steamers now plying between San Francisco and this coast."
    A later date than the above extract says:
    'The cheering news of the settlement of the Indian difficulties in Rogue River Valley has again set the trains in motion, none of whom have been holding back for the moment. The prospect of a simultaneous opening of the two new trails on the right and left of the present one across the Coast Range is further calculated to make Crescent City the favorite resort for traders and packers, as the expenses of travel will be materially lessened by a plentiful supply of grass along the routes--an item of importance at a time when freights are ruling so low."
New York Daily Tribune, July 26, 1855, page 6



    JACKSON COUNTY ELECTION.--From a brief synopsis of the election returns from Jackson County, Oregon, which reached us just as we were going to press, we learn that Gen. Lane's majority over Gov. Gaines at the recent election in the county was 142. Geo. E. Briggs, Whig, M. C. Barkwell, Dem., J. A. Lupton, Dem., and Thomas Smith, Dem., were elected members of the House by about the same majorities. The vote on the convention question stood 312 for and 734 against a convention to form a state constitution. The following county officers were elected: W. G. T'Vault, Prosecuting Attorney; ----- Hoffman, Auditor; G. T. Vining, Assessor. The largest vote cast was for Delegate to Congress, which was 1,496.
Crescent City Herald, June 27, 1855, page 2


From the Crescent City Herald, July, 1855.
    Mr. Kelsey has started with seventeen men to construct our trail from Crescent City to the Klamath.
    On the 7th inst., at Jacksonville, J. S. Oldham shot Dr. Alexander. They were both armed with pistols.
    Considerable quantities of potatoes have lately been brought here from San Francisco. They sell readily at three and four cents per pound, and are forwarded into the interior at an additional expense of from five to ten cents per pound.
    A letter from Althouse, O.T., says: We have here a population of about 500, who came from the northern and southern mines, and all seem contented. "Deadwood Bar," at present, seems to be paying the most regular. There are six companies upon this bar, and upon an average they are making $10 a day to the hand. Many other places are paying much better.
    The Humboldt Times of the 14th says: The Indians on Klamath River are at their old tricks, robbing houses and stealing The Indians on Weeot [Wiyot] River have for some time past, been troublesome and threatening; they have searched men for their money and have threatened and menaced others. A few days ago a party of them attempted violence upon a lady living on the river, which becoming known to the settlers in that vicinity, they collected and proceeded to chastise them. Wednesday the whites succeeded in killing three Indians.
Del Norte Record, Crescent City, April 29, 1893, page 1


    RATTLESNAKES.--These venomous reptiles are found in great numbers in Southern Oregon. We were told that three men recently went to the mountains where dens of these snakes were known to exist in large numbers, and killed seven hundred. In our recent tour through the southern portion of our Territory we killed five which we found in the road while riding along. We saw several others which had been killed by persons who had preceded us.--Oregonian.
Sacramento Daily Union, July 3, 1855, page 2


Statistics of Northern California and Southern Oregon.
    An acquaintance of ours, for several years a resident of this section of country, and whose varied and somewhat extensive business relations enable him to judge correctly in such matters, estimates the population of those parts of Northern California and Southern Oregon which are more immediately connected with the trade of Crescent City, as follows:
ILLINOIS VALLEY, O.T. (Jackson County)
    Sailor Diggings, mining population 100
Althouse, mining population 500
Farming population scattered through the valley,
    and miners on Josephine Creek 400
1,000
ROGUE RIVER VALLEY, O.T. (Jackson County)
    Sterlingville, mining population 500
Applegate, mining population 100
Jacksonville (county seat) 500
Rogue River Valley, farming population 1,500
2,600
UPPER KLAMATH, CAL. (Siskiyou County)
    Cottonwood Creek, mining population 300
Yreka (county seat) and Shasta Valley,
    mining and farming population 1,500
Humbug, mining population 500
Greenhorn, mining population 500
Deadwood, mining population 200
Scott Valley, mining and farming population 800
Scott's Bar, mining population 1,000
Hamburg Bar, mining population    100
4,900
KLAMATH RIVER, BELOW SCOTT'S RIVER (Klamath County)
    Happy Camp, mining population 100
Indian Creek 450
Other localities down to the mouth of Salmon 250
Salmon River 1,200
2,000
To which we may add--
Gold Beach, O.T. (Coos County), mining population 200
Smith River Valley, Cal. (Klamath County),
     mining and farming population 200
Crescent City (county seat) 500
     900
    TOTAL 11,400
    The same gentleman estimates the number of acres in wheat, now ripe or nearly so:
    In Rogue River Valley, O.T. 5,000 acres
In Shasta Valley, Cal. 1,500 "
In Scott's Valley, Cal. 3,000 "
    TOTAL 9,500 "
    Owing to the ravages caused by the grasshoppers in Rogue River and Shasta valleys, and to lateness of the crops in Scott's Valley, he calculates but an average yield of 15 bushels per acre, or a sum total of 142,000 bushels of  wheat, which will make about 30,000 barrels of flour.
    There are two flouring mills in Rogue River Valley and a third one is building.
    Scott's Valley has two mills; in Shasta Valley a mill is in course of construction and another one at Yreka.
    Taking the population of this section of country to be 12,000 (in round numbers), our home produce of wheat this year will furnish each inhabitant with 1¼ of a pound of flour per day for the space of one year.
Crescent City Herald, July 18, 1855, page 2


    AFFRAY IN 
JACKSONVILLE.--Death of Dr. Alexander.--On the occasion of a horse race, which came off over Hall's race course near Jacksonville, on the 7th inst., a considerable crowd had gathered in a barroom. Mr. Jas. S. Oldham and Dr. [Charles] Alexander, who for some time past had not been on speaking terms with each other, met there and the former invited the Dr. to drink, which was refused in rather harsh terms. Sharp words ensued, when Mr. O. drew his revolver. The Dr., unarmed as he was, dared him to shoot. But upon being called on to arm himself, the Dr. procured a revolver. Then several shots were fired, and a ball struck the Doctor through the abdomen, shattering the backbone very much. It is said the Dr.'s pistol snapped the first cap and would not revolve afterwards.
    As soon as it became evident that Dr. Alexander was dangerously wounded, his antagonist was taken in charge by the Sheriff. Dr. Alexander died on the following day and was buried on Monday. This sad occurrence created great excitement at Jacksonville, the Dr. having been an old resident in the neighborhood, where Mr. Oldham was comparatively a stranger.
Crescent City Herald, July 18, 1855, page 2  See Jimmy Twogood's account.


    FATAL RENCOUNTER.--We regret to learn that Dr. Alexander, of Jacksonville, Oregon, was recently killed, on the race course near that place, a few weeks since, by Simeon Oldham, of Yreka. It is stated that Oldham acted in self-defense, Dr. Alexander having fired first. It was the result of the revival of an old grudge. Both gentlemen were formerly residents of this place.
Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, July 28, 1855, page 3



    THE FOURTH IN 
ILLINOIS VALLEY.--Our Althouse correspondent, "Gus" (whose letter will appear in our next issue), says:
    Many went from this creek to attend a ball given at the house of Reuben Olds, some eight or ten miles distant from this place, where we had a splendid dinner, consisting of all the good things found in any country, after which the Declaration of American Independence was read by Dr. Watkins and a speech delivered by Mr. Sprague, of Sailor Diggings. Then came horse racing and foot racing. Upon the arrival of all the ladies, to the utter astonishment of those interested, they numbered eleven; fortunately they possessed strong constitutions and held out to the last. Upon the whole we had a fine time, as well as a civil one.
Crescent City Herald, July 18, 1855, page 2


    THE FOURTH IN 
ROGUE RIVER VALLEY.--The birthday of our country's independence was celebrated with all due ceremony at Jacksonville. During the evening there were no less than three balls in different portions of the valley, one at the "Robinson House," Jacksonville, another at the "Mountain House" and a third on Butte Creek.
Crescent City Herald,
July 18, 1855, page 2



    ARRIVED.--On Saturday the 14th inst., Schr. Exact, Capt. H. B. Congdon, with 130 tons of assorted merchandise and government freight for Fort Lane, O.T., and Fort Jones, Cal.
Crescent City Herald, July 18, 1855, page 2


    COAL FROM COOS BAY.--We were yesterday shown some specimens of coal just brought from Coos Bay, in Southern Oregon, which was brought from a depth considerably below where any has been hitherto obtained. These specimens are something between cannal and lignite, but more perfectly the former than the latter. Some have the appearance of anthracite of a high luster; in others, the woody fiber is plainly distinguishable. These, however, are very superior to the lots brought thence some six months since. The vein extends through the pieces of table land about four miles from the shore of Coos Bay, where there is excellent anchorage and good depth of water close to the landing place. A wharf has been completed at this place. It is from six to ten feet in thickness, lies vertical and runs in a horizontal direction from the bay. The veins, however, extend over a surface of thirty miles in extent. The country is heavily wooded with cedar trees, such as is cut at Port Orford. Some of these are 300 feet high and form a gigantic forest hitherto almost untrodden by the foot of man. Bears, deer and other wild animals abound here. This coal, the surface specimens of which have been brought here, is not calculated for ocean steamers, burning so quickly and brightly that the vessel could not carry a sufficient store of it. It is, however, well calculated for use in factories, river steamers, foundries and private families, burning freely and rapidly and throwing out a
most intense heat. It is a little singular that this coal has not come into more extensive use, when wood is sold at such high rates for fuel. However inferior it may be to Eastern or English coal, it is certainly better calculated for cooking purposes than wood, and, considering the inexhaustible quantities of it, should be furnished at one-half the cost of any other material.
Alta California, San Francisco, July 23, 1855, page 2


    STATISTICS OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN OREGON.--The Crescent City Herald of the 18th publishes the following estimates of the population of these parts, Northern California and Southern Oregon, more immediately connected with the trade of Crescent City.
Illinois Valley, O.T. (Jackson County)
Sailor Diggings, mining population 100
Althouse 500
Farming population scattered through the
    valley, and miners on Josephine Creek   400
1000
Rogue River Valley, O.T. (Jackson Co.)
Sterlingville, mining population 500
Applegate, mining population 100
Jacksonville (county seat) 500
Rogue River Valley, farming population 1500
2600
Upper Klamath, Cal. (Siskiyou Co.)
Cottonwood Creek, mining population 300
Yreka (county seat) and Shasta Valley,
    mining population 1500
Humbug, mining population 500
Greenhorn, mining population 500
Deadwood, mining population 200
Scott Valley, mining and farming population 800
Scotts Bar, mining population 1000
Hamburg Bar, mining population   100
4900
Klamath River, below Scotts (Kla. Co.)
Happy Camp, mining population 100
Indian Creek 450
Other localities, down to the mouth of the Salmon 250
Salmon River 1200
2000
To which we may add:
Gold Beach, O.T. (Coos County), mining population 200
Smith River Valley, Cal. (Klamath County), mining
    and farming population 200
Crescent City (county seat)   500
     900
    Total 11,400
    The estimate of the number of acres in wheat now ripe, or nearly so, is as follows:
In Rogue River Valley, O.T. 5000  acres
In Shasta Valley, Cal. 1500  acres
In Scotts Valley, Cal.   3000  acres
    Total 9,500  acres
    Owing to the ravages caused by the grasshoppers in Rogue River and Shasta valleys, and to the lateness of the crops in Scotts Valley, he calculates but an average yield of fifteen bushels per acre, or a sum total of 142,000 bushels of wheat, which will make about 30,000 bbls. of flour.
    There are two flouring mills in Rogue River Valley, and a third one is building.
    Scotts Valley has two mills; in Shasta Valley a mill is in course of construction, and another one at Yreka.
    Taking the population of this section of country to be 12,000 (in round numbers), our home produce of wheat this year will furnish each inhabitant with 1¼ of a pound of flour per day for the space of one year.
Alta California, San Francisco, July 25, 1855, page 2


    INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.--Indian Bureau--Map of Oregon.--A sketch map has been received by the Acting Commissioner of Indian Affairs from the Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Oregon Territory, exhibiting a correct sketch of the locations of the various Indian tribes, the districts of country ceded by them to the United States by treaty, with the dates of purchases, and the reservations of the Umpqua and Rogue River Indians.
Daily American Organ, Washington, D.C., July 28, 1855, page 2



    We regret to hear of the death of Dr. Alexander, of Jacksonville. From private letters we learn that Dr. A. was shot by a man named Oldham, at a race course near Jacksonville on Saturday, July 7, and died the next day. Dr. Alexander was from Virginia. He sustained the reputation of being a scientific physician and a gentleman possessing those qualities which make the man. His untimely end--thus cut down in the prime of life by violence--will be mourned by numerous acquaintances beyond his immediate neighborhood.
Weekly Oregonian, Portland, July 28, 1855, page 2


    ROGUE RIVER VALLEY.--The farmers in this valley have for some time past been cutting their wheat, and in a few weeks the mills will be ready to commence grinding.
Sacramento Daily Union, July 30, 1855, page 2


Grasshoppers.
    The rapid strides of these pestiferous marauders have not yet slacked. In the upper part of this valley everything in the way of vegetables has been entirely destroyed. Every day brings us news of their work of devastation. Farmers have had to resort to covering their fruit trees in order to save them, while those who have failed to do so have witnessed the destruction of many valuable trees, which they had tenderly nourished for many years. In the Rogue and Klamath River valleys their ravages have been worse if possible than here, as there they commenced earlier and destroyed the greater portion of the wheat and oats. In this valley it is estimated that about one-fourth of the wheat and oat crop has been destroyed--while corn, vegetables &c. will prove to be not worth gathering. We shall continue to publish everything that will tend to enlighten the farmer as to the best means of preventing their destructions another year. The editors of that excellent agricultural journal, the California Farmer, are in pursuit of knowledge upon this subject at present, and we shall continue to give our readers the benefit of their views and investigations upon the subject.
Umpqua Gazette, Scottsburg, August 2, 1855, page 2


Grasshoppers.
Editor Journal of Commerce:
    SIR:--As there seems to be a great deal of apprehension about the reappearance of the grasshoppers this year, and having noticed several articles in the papers lately, which no doubt gives reason to these fears which I am afraid is calculated to deter some of the farming community from sowing spring wheat, or doing much of any farming, I feel it a duty incumbent on me to give my experience to the farming community. Having lived in Northern California and Southern Oregon for several years, having traveled through all the principal valleys of Nevada and Utah, I have learned the history of grasshoppers.
    In the summer of 1855, in Rogue River Valley, Southern Oregon, where I was then living, the grasshoppers (the same identical insect we had here last fall, call them what you please) came in such clouds that what we had here last fall was no comparison. They destroyed every green thing on the face of [the] earth; a valley luxuriant with grass and all kinds of vegetation was left like a desert plain. The fruit trees were all destroyed, and even the mistletoe on the oak did not escape their ravages. The farming community became so disheartened that many sold out for what they could get, and left the valley in disgust. They were inexperienced in them, and consequently reasoned the matter about as some do now, that the eggs would be all hatched and consequently grasshoppers would be more numerous the next year. But their fears were entirely unfounded, for the next year there was none to do any damage.
    Shasta Valley, Northern California, is probably more troubled with grasshopper raids than any portion of the United States, and yet they never come two years in succession. The same is true of Scotts, Honey Lake, Long, Carson and other valleys.
    In 1857 they ate everything green in Salt Lake Valley, and came near starving the Mormons out, since which time old Brigham keeps one year's supplies on hand, knowing that they would not come the second year.
    But it is useless for me to bring any more proof to establish as well known a fact as that they will not reappear from the eggs. To do any damage in a country like this is, is only when they come from the dry, hot plains as was the case here, that they do any damage. Even the naturalist, to whom some specimens were sent from Leavenworth, asserted the same thing with a very learned piece of advice, to destroy all the eggs possible. I would say to the farming community that they need not have any fears of their appearance from the eggs, to do any damage, no more than though they never had been here. That they need have no fears about the grain sown after they left, and now that the time for sowing spring wheat is at hand, I hope that anyone will not be deterred from so doing, on account of the frivolous nonsense about grasshoppers.
WM. J. ALLEN,
    KANSAS CITY, Feb. 20, 1857.
Journal of Commerce, Kansas City, Kansas, February 23, 1867, page 4


THE MINES IN SOUTHERN OREGON.
    Mining operations in Southern Oregon are almost entirely suspended for the want of sufficient water. It is said there has been less rain during the last winter and spring than ever before.
Daily Pioneer, St. Paul, Minnesota, August 4, 1855, page 2


    Rattlesnakes seem to abound in Southern Oregon. Three men recently went to the mountains, where dens of these snakes were known to exist in large numbers, and in a short time killed 700 of them.
Sentinel of Freedom, Newark, New Jersey, August 7, 1855, page 4


DIED.
    At Sterlingville, Jackson County, Mr. GODFREY EIGNER, aged 27 years, formerly of Augsburg, Bavaria.
Daily Alta California, San Francisco, August 8, 1855, page 2


    INDIAN OUTRAGES.--The stories of Indian outrages that originate with the travelers on the Plains generally find their way to the public ear in a much exaggerated form. Some time ago the story of a terrible outrage committed by the Klamath Indians, in which several whites were alleged to be killed, was published in the California papers, and thence generally circulated over the Union. An official letter from the government agent of these Indians now contradicts the whole story, and certifies to the safe condition of the parties who were made the victims of the outrage, and their astonishment at reading the account of their murder. It further appears that the Klamath Indians, instead of being hostile, are gathered peacefully upon their reservation, to the number of 1500, and in the adjoining districts to the number of over 3000. The difficulties with the Indians in Illinois Valley have also been settled, and they have returned to their reservation on Rogue River, after giving up six of their number as the offenders who had committed the murders. In Texas, in more than one instance lately, the crimes and depredations attributed to Indians have been traced to bands of disguised white men, who had taken that means of effecting their schemes of murder and robbing. If the government would direct more of its efforts to the protection of Indians from the reckless whites, we should find less cause of complaint against them. Trained to seek revenge for the injuries they suffer, the Indians are first excited to retaliate [against] the evils inflicted on them, and are then punished for crime which in truth they are scarcely accountable.
Athens Post, Athens, Tennessee, August 10, 1855, page 3



MARRIED.
    At the Willow Springs, Rogue River Valley, on the 7th ult., by Rev. T. F. Royal, S. F. Van Choate, Esq., formerly of the Yreka Herald office, and Mrs. R. A. Huston, of the former place.
Umpqua Gazette, Scottsburg, August 16, 1855, page 3


    We understand that about forty miners from the Rogue River Valley were in Oregon City a day or two since, going to the Colville mines. We have seen here several from Yreka, Jacksonville, Sterling, Althouse &c., bound for these new gold fields. From their appearance we opine that these men will not be easily intimidated from giving these new mines a thorough prospecting, and will develop their resources without regard to Indians, mountains or hardships. We shall expect something effectual from them.
Oregonian, Portland, August 18, 1855, page 2


Dayton, Ohio, February 2, 1909.
Better Fruit Publishing Company.
    Dear Sirs: I have been requested to read a paper on "Fruit Growing in Oregon" before the meeting of the Montgomery County Horticultural Association in May. I want all the light on the subject I can get. I was brought up in that region, and remember the first apple I ever saw. It was a big red one from the Willamette Valley, and was packed over the mountains on a mule's back in the year 1855, and was sold in the Rogue River Valley for one dollar. With that recollection it does not seem high at all to get Oregon apples here for a nickel apiece. The interest of horticulturists here is aroused on the subject, and as the business of fruit culture has improved somewhat since I left the state in 1874 I need to get late information. Can I get back numbers of your magazine? May I depend on you to guide me and help me? It may be that I can help Oregon, the state of my pride, in some small way.
Yours,
    S. O. Royal.
"Miscellaneous Letters and Communications," Better Fruit, July 1909, page 58


From the Crescent City Herald, Sept., 1855.
    From D. W. McComb, the agent of Wells, Fargo & Co., who returned from a tour through the interior on Wednesday last, we learn that on Sunday, the 2nd inst., a party of whites were in pursuit of some Indians who had stolen cattle on the emigrant trail, Jackson County, O.T. A little this side of Russell's Mountain House the party came upon an Indian camp, from which the squaws had just been retreating. Proceeding further on in their search they were fired upon by the Indians who had concealed themselves in the bushes. A man by the name of Stein was killed; Fred Armitage was shot through the head and another man had his arm broken.
Del Norte Record, Crescent City, May 13, 1893, page 1


Notice
IS HEREBY GIVEN to all persons interested in the Estate of HENRY M. MYRE that letters of administration have been granted to me on the said estate by the Honorable Probate Court of Jackson County. All persons, therefore, having claims against said estate are requested to present them to me at my residence in Jacksonville, Jackson County, O.T., within one year, or be forever barred.
M. G. KENNEDY, Adm'r.
Jacksonville, August 14, 1855.
Weekly Oregonian, Portland, September 29, 1855, page 2


Administrator's Notice.
NOTICE is hereby given that Letters of Administration has been granted to the undersigned, by the Probate Court of Jackson County, O.T., on the estate of DR. CHAS. E. ALEXANDER, deceased.
    All persons indebted to said estate are called upon to make immediate payment; and all persons having claims against the same are hereby requested to present them for allowance within one year from date hereof at Jacksonville, in said county.
CHAS. H. CRANE, Adm'r.
Jacksonville, August 15, 1855.
Weekly Oregonian, Portland, September 29, 1855, page 2


Administrator's Notice.
TO all persons interested in the Estate of GODFREY EIGNER, deceased, notice is hereby given that I have been appointed administrator of said Estate by the Honorable Probate Court of Jackson County.
    All persons, therefore, having claims against said estate will present them to me for allowance, at my house, in the town of Sterlingville, Jackson County, O.T., within one year from the date of this publication, or they may be forever barred.
ALEXANDER M. BERRY, Adm'r.
September 22, 1855.
Weekly Oregonian, Portland, September 29, 1855, page 2


    TRIAL OF J. S. OLDHAM.--At the last term of the U.S. District Court for Jackson County, O.T., James Simeon Oldham, of California, was tried for the murder of Dr. Charles E. Alexander, on the 8th of July last, and acquitted.
"Further from Oregon," Sacramento Daily Union, October 3, 1855, page 1


MARRIED.
    In Rogue River Valley, Aug. 16, Mr. James McDonough to Miss Matilda, daughter of Wm. Kahler, all of Jackson County, O.T.
    In Rogue River Valley, August 17th, Mr. Benjamin Davis to Miss Pauline, daughter of G. D. Taylor, all of Jackson County, O.T.
"Marriages, Births and Deaths," New York Herald, October 14, 1855, page 1


Rev. John Flinn.
    From the proceedings of the Oregon Annual Conference of the M.E. Church, we observe that Mr. Flinn, of this place, has been transferred to Jacksonville. While we regret very much the departure from our midst of no inestimable citizen, yet we are gratified to know that he carries with him the best wishes of all who know him for his future happiness and prosperity. Mr. Flinn is one of the few professed ministers of the Gospel, in these "degenerate days," who does not pollute his high calling by meddling in the exciting political strifes of the day, by turning his pulpit into a political rostrum from which to preach political sermons. From his consistent course in this particular, his honest, upright bearing and Christian devotion, he has won the respect and esteem of all who know him. May his efforts in his new field of labor, in the cause in which he is engaged, be crowned with much success.
Umpqua Gazette, Scottsburg, August 23, 1855, page 2


Correspondence of the Umpqua Gazette.
Jacksonville, O.T.,
    August 17, 1855.
    Editor Gazette--Dear Sir:--The present term of the U.S. District Court for this county is one of unusual interest. Last week several important cases were disposed of, and the greater portion of this week has been consumed in empaneling a jury in the case of Jas. S. Oldham, who is now on trial under an indictment for the murder of Dr. Alexander. Quite an array of counsel has been retained, both on the part of the prosecution and the defense. W. G. T'Vault, Esq., Pros. Atty., is assisted by L. F. Mosher, P. P. Prim and S. F. Chadwick, Esq., of your place. W. H. Farrar, Esq., of Portland, Cook & Cosby, of Yreka, Cal., and Kenny, of this county, are counsel for the defendant.
    Business of all kinds is dull in this valley at the present time, nor do we see any indication of improvement for several months to come. Nothing happens to arouse our citizens from their usual quiet, save the arrival of the mail from the north with the Gazette and the latest news from the Colville gold mines. Many of our miners have already left for these new diggings, and others are preparing to follow.
    Since the last election, we have been free from political excitement. The old Whig dynasty, once so powerful in Jacksonville, has fallen--completely caved in--the high "places" of trust which "they once filled will know them no more." A change has come over Jackson County. From this time forward, her citizens will be found ready to cooperate with other portions of the Territory in all matters pertaining to the common good of Oregon. Recent developments have shown such an amount of corruption on the part of the late Whig office holders in this county as its honest citizens never dreamed of. We hesitate not in affirming that in no part of our whole Territory is there is a better prospect for the Democracy than in this valley. The Democrats have selected good and honest men for places of trust and responsibility, and I doubt not they will maintain the honor of the party. Those demagogues in the Know Nothing-Whig ranks, who have hitherto lived by keeping alive sectional prejudices and by appeals to the lowest passions and the most selfish interest, have been forced to retire to that obscurity from which they have shown themselves unworthy ever to have arisen. It is unnecessary to name those who formerly composed the Whig regency in this county. We will be magnanimous and leave our prostrate adversaries to their fate--believing that their history and present position will furnish a warning example of the inevitable fate of all unscrupulous demagogues.
    By the late mail arrangements between this place and Scottsburg, the time of transporting the mails between the two points has been reduced from twelve days to six. We regret very much to learn that no service is to be placed on the route from San Francisco to Puget Sound, including the delivery of the mails at Umpqua by ocean steamers. Gen. Lane will undoubtedly be unremitting in his exertions to procure service on this new route. We still think that upon proper representations the Department will advertise proposals to receive bids for the service, and feel assured that our Delegate will spare no efforts to obtain a delivery of the mails at Umpqua, under the act of last session of Congress. You must not be discouraged, nor despair of Scottsburg. It must ultimately come out. If you had regular communication, direct by ocean steamers, with San Francisco, it would be the best point in Oregon for the publication of a good Democratic newspaper. This you must have. Your paper has done good service to the party and the Territory during the year. The success of the Democratic Party in Southern Oregon, and the prosperity of this portion of the Territory imperatively demands that it shall be sustained.
    Yours,                CANDOR.
Umpqua Gazette, Scottsburg, August 23, 1855, page 2


For the Umpqua Gazette.
Jacksonville, Aug. 17, '55.
    Smiley Harris, a very worthy gentleman of this place, was shot a few evenings since by a man by the name of W. H. Mitchel. Mitchel was drunk, and discharged his pistol at any and every object he saw, without reference to what it was, and before he could be arrested he shot Mr. Harris. Had his pistol gone off at the first attempt to discharge it, Mr. H. would have been killed. Mr. Flanagan (whose brother lives at Coos Bay), whom you say was killed by the Indians, is living. I have met him several times since his death was published, therefore it is a mistake, and please correct it. The several hundred of volunteers from Yreka and thereabouts, who have been here after the Indian murderers of Klamath, have returned--not, however, until arrangements were made to secure the prisoners. The volunteers have behaved well and complied with the suggestions of Capt. Smith, of Fort Lane, and Dr. Ambrose, Indian agent, which could only secure peace with the Indians in this valley. The Indian troubles are quite settled. The Indian murderers are to be delivered up to the authorities of Yreka.
    Yours,                Jackson.
Umpqua Gazette, Scottsburg, August 23, 1855, page 2


U.S. District Court--Jackson County--August Term, 1855.
[FIRST WEEK.]
    Hon. M. P. Deady, Judge.
    W. H. Farrar, Esq., U.S. Dist. Atty.
    W. G. T'Vault, Esq., Pros. Atty.
    J. W. Drew, Dep. U.S. Marshal.
    T. Pyle, Sheriff.
    S. H. Taylor, Clerk.
    Attorneys present--Messrs. Farrar, Mitchell, Chadwick, Cook, Crosby, T'Vault, Kenny, Prim, Brenan, Mosher, Reed, Colver and Stearns.
    Grand Jurors.--U. S. Hayden (foreman), W. W. Fowler, Jas. R. Davis, H. W. Nixon, Woodford Reams, Jas. Barrett, Isaac Woolen, Rowland Hall, John Kennedy, George Ross, James Pool, N. B. Evans, Eber Emery, B. B. Griffin, N. W. Fisk, Wm. Ducker, E. B. Ball, Thomas Bailey, Clifton Riley, Granville Lewis, Benj. Armstrong.
    The grand jury presented 15 true bills of indictment, viz.: 1 indictment for murder, 1 for assault with intent to kill, 3 for selling liquor to Indians, 10 for selling liquor without license.
    Twenty-eight cases on the civil docket.
    Trials have been had in the following criminal cases continued from the May term, A.D. 1855:
    Territory of Oregon vs. James Hamlin. Indictment for assault with intent to commit murder. Prim for Territory. T'Vault for deft. Verdict--Not guilty of assault with intent to commit murder, but guilty of assault. Sentenced to pay a fine of $250 and costs of prosecution.
    Territory of Oregon vs. Horace Ish. Indictment for assault upon Francis Ball by shooting with a pistol with intent to kill. T'Vault and Colver for Territory. Farrar, Cook, Mosher and Kenny for deft. Verdict--Not guilty.
    Territory of Oregon vs. George Livingston. Indictment for assault upon E. H. Day by shooting with a pistol with intent to commit murder. Prim for Territory. Cook, T'Vault and Kenny for deft. Verdict--Not guilty of assault with intent to kill, but guilty of assault. Sentenced to one year's imprisonment in Linn County jail, and to pay costs of prosecution.
    Notice of an application for modification of the sentence has been given.
Umpqua Gazette, Scottsburg, August 23, 1855, page 2


    The farmers in the vicinity of Yreka have commenced harvesting their wheat, and in Scott Valley will commence in a few days to cut their grain also. The crop is generally good, and injury from grasshoppers being mostly confined to the vicinity of Table Rock, in Shasta Valley.
Brooklyn Evening Star, August 27, 1855, page 2


    The Yreka Union of Aug. 25th says that the trial of Mr. S. Oldham, for shooting Dr. Alexander at Rogue River Valley, a few weeks since, was concluded on last Tuesday. The jury after a few minutes deliberation returned a verdict of not guilty. Messrs. Cook & Cosby were counsel for the defense.
Shasta Courier, Shasta City, California, September 1, 1855, page 2


    Dr. E. H. Cleaveland, of Jacksonville, Oregon, died recently very suddenly. He was a member of the Territorial Council for Jackson County.
Sacramento Daily Union, September 1, 1855, page 3  Dr. Cleaveland is not listed among those buried in Jacksonville Cemetery.


From Southern Oregon.
Forest Dale, Jackson County,
    Southern Oregon, Aug. 25, 1855.
    Editor of the Oregonian:--I have but little news to send you this week. The trial of Oldham for the murder of Dr. Alexander is over, and has resulted in an acquittal. There has been another stampede of Indians from the reserve, and the troops are in the field endeavoring to persuade their naughty pets to return to their friends, in order that the "fatted calf" may be killed, and that there may be much rejoicing thereat.
    The Indians engaged in the late bloody tragedy on the Klamath are still at large, and the probability is that they will be suffered to go unpunished, unless the citizens of northern California shall rise in their might and with their own hands inflict the punishment these "red devils" so richly deserve. Thousands of dollars have already been expended by her citizens in an honest endeavor to avenge the death of so many of their friends and comrades; they traced the perpetrators of these foul deeds through the mountains to the reserve in this valley, whither the guilty had fled for protection, which was immediately offered them by the military at Fort Lane, and, as a matter of course, the pursuing party was compelled to return without having accomplished their designs.
    In the event, however, that the Indians are not soon given up, the volunteers who enlisted in this cause at the commencement will return with the requisite reinforcement, and will, with renewed vigor, prosecute the object of their mission to the bitter end, and, if necessary, assistance will be rendered them by citizens of this valley, notwithstanding we are compelled in a measure to obey the mandates of "a secret political organization" known as "Durhams," whose chief has proclaimed to the world that no expedition against their particular favorites--the Indians--shall receive the sanction of his office, or, in other words, the sanction of the executive of this Territory.
    Those of our citizens who are so often compelled to act on the defensive, and to make the rifle their constant companion, who have lost relatives and friends, and perhaps the fruits of years of toil, can best judge of the position in which we are placed by such manifestations on the part of those in power in Oregon.
    The same line of policy should be adopted here with regard to Indians that is pursued by our companions on the other side of the Siskiyou--viz.: to commence a war of extermination, which would at once compel the military to keep the Indians garrisoned, and if the government is particularly desirous of propagating the species, would also compel them to furnish the Indians such nourishment as in such cases is required.
CLARENDON.
    Note--Since writing the above, information has arrived that the Indians have robbed several houses on Applegate Creek, twelve miles from Jacksonville.
Oregonian, Portland, September 8, 1855, page 2


    LATE FROM THE INTERIOR.--Mr. J. W. Galbraith, of the C. C. Express, informs us that on Saturday last, while on his way to Jacksonville, and about one and a half miles above Applegate crossing, O.T., he was shot at four times by the Indians, who, it would appear, are still prowling through the country bent on mischief. He represents the crops in that faction as good, with the exception of potatoes, which, in some instances, have been destroyed by the grasshoppers. Mr. Galbraith met over sixty men going to the Colville mines. He also received a letter from the Dalles, confirming previous reports. The writer had made from $30 to $150 per day while working--brought between $5,000 and $6,000 to the Dalles and returned with provisions. There is some doubt, he says, whether the Indians will allow the Americans to work. He worked with rocker and pan, and states that 2,000 men are under way to the mines.--Crescent City Herald, Aug. 29.
San Joaquin Republican, Stockton, California, September 2, 1855, page 2


    The Surveyor General of Oregon Territory has transmitted to the General Land Office twelve maps of the surveys completed in the Rogue River Valley, in that Territory. From these maps it appears that the country is very mountainous; in fact, it is so much so that portions of the valley could not be surveyed at all.
Buffalo Commercial Advertiser, Buffalo, New York, September 29, 1855, page 2


Letter from the South.
Forest Dale, Jackson Co., O.T.
    Sept. 28th, 1855.
    Friend Dyer:--I have but little news to send you this week. Business is somewhat dull, though apparently improving. Farmers are busily engaged marketing their wheat and other products, and our merchants are laying in their winter supply of goods. The miners in this vicinity are preparing for a good winter's work--an abundance of water being anticipated.
    Three excellent flouring mills are in active operation in this valley, and a large portion of the flour manufactured is being sent to Yreka and sold or placed in storage. The past has proved an exceedingly prolific harvest, paying but a small remuneration however to the farmer, on account of the low prices for which he is compelled to sell his produce.
    A young man by the name of Thomas Low, some few days since, caught his foot in the gearing of a threshing machine and so fractured the leg as to render amputation necessary. The operation was performed by Dr. C. B. Brooks of Jacksonville, under whose judicious treatment the patient is doing well.
    A zealous opposition to the chastisement of Indians who have, and still are, committing depredations upon the citizens of this section of country in the settlements and on the highway is manifest on the part of several official dignitaries residing south of the California mountains, all of whom belong to the Durham herd. It is the opinion here that every one of the correspondents of the Oregon Statesman, and its echo the Umpqua Gazette, aside from the conductors of those sheets, are office holders. Such being the case, it seems to be a candid observer that no other evidence is required to establish the fact that a mutual sympathy does exist between the Indians here and the so-called Democracy of this Territory, especially as these communications have been freely endorsed by the leading stars of that secret political organization, known as the Salem clique. To the impartial reader, however, let these matters be submitted; one thing is certain, that the depredations which the Indians are constantly committing has created a violent antipathy against the entire Indian race in the minds of the majority of the citizens of both Southern Oregon and Northern California which cannot easily be eradicated, and these feelings are kept alive by the Indians visiting, whenever their own safety will admit it, the relatives of those who have suffered from their hostilities, and boasting of the tortures they have inflicted on their relatives and friends.
    Notwithstanding the oft-repeated declarations made by the Indian sympathizers, as heralded forth to the world through their hireling presses, that the utmost harmony exists between the two races, a system of warfare has been carried on by the Indians here that has within the last five months in this section of country alone brought no lesser number than twenty-two of our citizens to an untimely grave. To make up this number I am compelled to note the massacres which have occurred during the present week.
    On Tuesday last, as a small party of men with teams were crossing the Siskiyou Mountain on the road to Yreka, they were attacked by Indians, and two of their number, Calvin Field and John Cunningham, killed. The Indians also killed thirteen head of oxen on the spot, drove off several more, and carried away a considerable quantity of merchandise. This was not enough, however, to satisfy their savage thirst for blood, for on the following day they succeeded in killing another citizen, making the third [death], and wounding the fourth. Who is to be the next victim time alone can tell; occurrences of this kind have become so numerous within the past few months that I cannot but believe that the extirpation of every Indian tribe infesting this section of country particularly is a sacrifice due to the glory of God and the security of the lives and property of our citizens.
CLARENDON.
Oregonian, Portland, October 13, 1855, page 2


    INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.--General Land Office--The Fort Lane Reservation.--The Acting Commissioner of the General Land Office has issued instructions to the register and receiver at Winchester, Oregon Territory, to reserve from sale or entry about a section of land on Rogue River, opposite the Rogue River Indian reservation, and immediately surrounding Fort Lane, for military purposes.
"Department News," Daily American Organ, Washington, D.C., October 16, 1855, page 3


    The Coos Bay Coal Company have issued a report made by their agents. Col. Wm. V. Wells gave the mines a thorough investigation, and also the harbor and adjoining country. His report contains a flattering account of the prospect and shows that a valuable bed of coal is there situated, and in a most convenient locality for shipping. His report is very interesting, and the operations of the company will undoubtedly be of the utmost importance to the steam navigation of the Pacific. The specimens of coal exhibited in San Francisco are of superior quality. Vessels have already been dispatched for cargoes of the coal.
"Two Weeks Later from California," Daily Union, Washington, D.C., November 2, 1855, page 3

    
    We are indebted to Mr. Beekman's Express for the receipt of a prospectus of a newspaper to be started in Jacksonville, O.T. on the 25th inst., by Messrs. Taylor, T'Vault & Blakely. It is to be weekly, independent in religion and politics. Of the contemplated name we are not informed by the prospectus. It is to be the size of the Yreka Union. The interests of Rogue River Valley and Southern Oregon have long since demanded the establishment of a press at Jacksonville, and under the management of the above-named gentlemen we cannot think otherwise than that success will attend their new undertaking. From our slight knowledge of the proprietors we are led to believe that in them will be found will and capacity to render every satisfaction to the people of Jacksonville and vicinity. We wish them every prosperity.
Crescent City Herald, October 17, 1855, page 2


    By Mr. Brunner, who arrived in town last evening, we learn that on Thursday, the 25th inst., at 11 o'clock p.m., a fire broke out in Jacksonville, and consumed eight buildings. The fire started in the upper story of Little's saloon, on Main Street, spread rapidly and was only stopped by the brick buildings belonging to Messrs. Maury & Davis and J. A. Brunner & Bro., the former suffering considerable damage. The fire lasted two hours. The losses are estimated as follows:
    Maury & Davis, $1000; Stearns & Green, $5000; Baker, late of N.O., $1000; Little & Co., $2,500; P. Levy & Bro., $500; P. J. Ryan, $8000.
    In the late Indian affray in Deer Creek Valley--as published in another column--two Spaniards were killed and another wounded--28 mules found dead--two Spanish trains containing some 48 mules has been recovered.
    On the same day (23rd) the Indians drove off all the cattle of Mr. Northcutt (7 head) from the yard. The people in the neighborhood of Deer Creek Valley have gathered at D. Smith's ranch, which has been fortified. Sam Fry's company ranges through that section and escorts the trains.
    Mr. Hart, the expressman, had returned to Sailor Diggings, but was unwell.
"The Latest from the Interior," Crescent City Herald, October 31, 1855, page 2


    JACKSONVILLE BURNED.--Horsley & Brastow's Yreka Express brings the news that the town of Jacksonville, in Rogue River Valley, Oregon, was about half destroyed by fire during the past week. It was thought, however, notwithstanding the destruction of so great a portion of the town, that the houses still standing were sufficient to answer the purposes of the population, as about the number of houses destroyed had for months previous been unoccupied.
Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, November 3, 1855, page 3  Southern Oregon had been deserted by miners going to the Fort Colville gold rush.


    FIRE AT 
JACKSONVILLE.--We learn from Mr. B. B. Jackson, who left Jacksonville on last Monday, that the Thursday night previous a fire broke out which consumed about one-fourth of the town. It originated in a saloon in the western portion of the town, and spread rapidly to the adjoining buildings. All the buildings from Davis & Maury's up, on that side of the street, were consumed. The loss is very heavy. The fire is supposed to be the work of an incendiary.
"Latest from the South,"
Oregon Statesman, Corvallis, November 3, 1855, page 2


    The Shasta Courier announces that the town of Jacksonville, in Rogue River Valley, Oregon, was about half destroyed by fire during the past week. Most of the buildings destroyed were unoccupied.
The Pacific, San Francisco, November 9, 1855, page 3


    FROM YREKA.--
The Shasta Republican says that Captain Jacob Rhodes has organized a company in Yreka for the purpose of taking a part in the warfare which now exists with the Indians. The company consists of twenty-five picked men. On Wednesday last it was to have marched for Rogue River Valley. It is the intention of Captain Rhodes to scour that region of country. We have no doubt he will do good service. On Wednesday last several wagons, heavily freighted, arrived at Yreka from the Sacramento Valley, via the new wagon road. The road is in good condition, and travel will continue over it until the snows begin to fall.
Los Angeles Star, November 10, 1855, page 2


    MOVEMENTS OF TROOPS.--
On Saturday last, Lt. Hazen passed through this place in command of a portion of a company belonging to the 4th Regiment U.S. Infantry, under orders to repair to Fort Lane, Rogue River Valley, Oregon Territory.
    On Tuesday last, Lt. Underwood passed through with the remainder of the company, under orders for the same destination.
    Lt. Underwood had with him a large train of government mules loaded with military stores and equipments.--Shasta Republican, Nov. 17.
Daily Alta California, San Francisco, November 19, 1855, page 3


For the Oregonian.
Jacksonville, Nov. 20, 1855.
    Editor Oregonian--Dear Sir: In my communication of the 3rd inst. I expressed my surprise as to the course pursued by that Bush-whacker of the Statesman, in regard to our Indian disturbances, his various misrepresentations as to facts in regard to them, his version as to the immediate cause of the outbreak &c. My surprise was indeed still greater upon reviewing his issue of the Statesman of the 3rd inst., to witness the ranting of this miserable poltroon, cooped as he is within the polluted walls of the Statesman office, steeped in liquor and dyed in iniquity--inflated with ignorance, arrogance and self-conceit--this aspiring genius dictates to the freemen of Oregon how they should proceed in matters of war, how the various petty officers should be distributed in order to promote union, how supplies should be obtained--and he should have dictated how and by whom they should be consumed.
    Santa Anna, even in his palmiest days, when in unlimited power, never domineered over, nor dictated to his subjects, as does this Bush-whacker of the Statesman, to the federal officers, and the people of Oregon. He sways the scepter, and all must bow submissively. His authority none dare dispute. Since the first intelligence conveyed to him concerning the outbreak of the 8th ult., every issue of his paper has teemed with the basest of falsehoods. Column after column has been filled with communications from the seat of war, giving the details of attacks, and both or all, professing to narrate the same circumstances, yet neither corroborating each other. Who has read his southern correspondence that will not admit this truth? Now why this variance in their statements? Can you tell me, fellow citizens? Are they mistaken or were they misinformed? Who are his correspondents in Southern Oregon? Oh, nobody but Judge Deady, Major "Bill," Dr. Drew, Mosher, Col. T'Vault, S. H. Taylor and a few others? Are these correspondents true and reliable men--free from party bickerings? Would they tell a plain story without throwing a missile at some unfortunate "Whig" or "American" who should be found doing service for his country? Oh yes, they are all men of honor, character and standing! They are not prejudiced! They would give every man his just deserts; they would detract from no one; they would never speak in sneering terms of anyone found in arms of defense of his country, but on the contrary would laud them to the skies for thus inheriting the spirit of their sires. Their love of country would prompt them to this. Their firm adherence to Jeffersonian principles and to the support of the Constitution and the Union would prompt them to this. But let us look for a moment as to the action of certain officials when it is decreed that we should take up arms in defense of our homes.
    The Bush-whacker had already assailed the expedition of 1854 under Capt. Walker and had assured the claim holders of that expedition that they should never receive a dime for supplies furnished. This staring them full in the face, and another call for volunteers to repel the foe, what was to be done? Subscription papers were prepared by the secretary of a public meeting, and ordered to be circulated throughout the country to receive such sums as the people were willing to contribute. These subscription papers were freely signed--some contributed flour, some coffee, sugar, tea and such things as would be needed by the volunteers in the field. Money was thus to a considerable extent raised, besides the groceries, when Capt. Fowler and Dr. Gilbert were dispatched to California for supplies, arms &c.
    Thus, Mr. Editor, were we, the favored citizens of a republican government--a government boasting of twenty-two millions of surplus funds in her treasury--compelled to solicit aid by subscription, to enable us to repel a hostile foe, and why? Because Bush-whacker of the Statesman--the alpha and omega of the great national Democratic Party in Oregon--had decreed that those who had heretofore furnished supplies for similar occasions should not have a dime.
    Now as for the appointments to office: When Capt. Miller was called upon to know if he would act in his official capacity, and having immediately responded in the affirmative, and organized the quartermaster's department, the first man he appointed to office was C. Westfelt, a well-known Whig. Did Capt. Miller once consider that? No, sir. He knew that Mr. Westfelt was well qualified for the station--that he was an excellent penman--and having accompanied the Captain on his expedition to the plains in 1853, by order of Gen. Lane, was well known, and his qualifications duly appreciated. Did our citizens demur to this? Did they rail at Capt. Miller for making this appointment? No, sir: but Bush-whacker says virtually, if not in plain terms, that such men are unworthy of office. If they are unworthy of office then they are unworthy to be trusted with a rifle in defense of their country; they are unworthy to be placed as sentinels, to guard and protect them in their unconscious moments. The editor of that classic journal, the Statesman, that beautiful parlor ornament, so replete with gems of poetry and wit, as well as sentiments of the highest moral character (over the left), endeavoring with an energy unequaled in the history of the past to engraft into the minds of the people pure, patriotic and philanthropic feelings, is certainly of a republican people. His untiring industry--his unwavering integrity--his firm adherence to truth--his mild and amiable disposition--his kind and courteous behavior to his cotemporaries--his untiring devotions to the holy cause of liberty, moral reform and the "freedom of the press," as well as his ceaseless exertions to promulgate the genuine principles of the invisible national Democratic Pa-i-rty [sic], are sufficient to endear him to an American people and to entitle him to a high position in the tablet of fame.
    Future generations yet unborn will then point with American pride to his name, as it stands enrolled with those of Washington, Lafayette, DeKalb, Warren, Clay, Jo Lane, Calhoun, Greeley, G. D. R. Boyd, Webster and a host of others, and lisp a fervent wish that their lives may be crowned with as much honor and glory as was his. Oh, cheering thought! To know that we "have done our duty"--to know that we discharge the duty assigned us--that we have acted with credit to ourselves, honor to our country and to the acceptance of God. To know that for our many virtues, our zealous advocacy of truth and right on all occasions, that our memory will be revered and cherished in the breasts of an ever-grateful people. You American mothers, to whom is entrusted the holy charge of instilling into the minds of your offspring those sacred principles which will actuate them in after years, I entreat to you with all sincerity, to portray in glowing colors to their youthful minds the brilliant achievements of this glorious patriot--this modern reformer and wonder of his age. Impress upon their young and tender minds that falsehood and treachery, deceit, hypocrisy, slander and villainy are far more preferable than truth, virtue, honor, candor and honesty. That these former principles, fully impressed and fully adhered to, will be the steppingstone to future greatness. Deprive them of all light reading--deny them the right to search the scriptures--limit them to the same doctrines promulgated in the Statesman--rivet upon their minds the truths therein contained--assure them that this religion must be theirs--that his views and doctrines must be acquiesced in and advocated as theirs, ever keeping fresh in their minds the sad displeasure which they will undoubtedly incur should they refuse. Let them know that to controvert him in any manner whatever would be calling down upon their heads his wrath "which knoweth no bounds." That they would be branded as traitors to their country--stigmatized as "midnight assassins," and held up to the detestation, scorn and contempt of all honorable citizens--that they would be slandered, vilified and abused, hunted as the wolf from his lair, with the purpose of annihilation. While on the other hand, remember that cheerful submission, implicit obedience and faithful practice of the precepts contained in his "divine teachings" that you will sooner or later see those cherished objects ascending step by step to a position far above the rabble, a position to which they will be exalted by their countrymen for their country's good. The populace will be loud in their demonstrations, as they are thus exalted in consideration of their meritorious services to their country; they will be clothed in fine linen of spotless purity--they will be attended with the clergy and other dignitaries. They will receive at the hand of someone in attendance a diadem of the finest texture, which will more than crown their heads--a monstrous cord of the brightest hemp will be placed around their necks, and as they thus stand crowned and honored, will be required or at least expected to present "their heartfelt gratitude for the honors thus conferred." More anon.
PHILEMON.
Oregonian, Portland, January 12, 1856, page 1


MARRIED.
    In Salem, by Hon. Geo. H. Williams, ROBERT MULLIGAN, of Jackson County, and Mrs. HARRIET CARLTON, of the former place.
Oregon Statesman, Corvallis, November 24, 1855, page 3


    The losses by the fire at Jacksonville, O.T., on the 24th ult., did not exceed $15,000.

Placer Herald, Auburn, California, November 24, 1855, page 2


From the Crescent City Herald, Dec., 1855.
    Jacksonville, Or., was located by miners and traders in the month of February, 1852, and contains a population of 800, about one-tenth of the population of Jackson County.
    From Mr. Miller, who came down from Chetco on the 4th inst., we learn that everything is quiet in that quarter as far as the whites and Indians are concerned. Some ten of the younger members of a rancheria, however, have attacked the chief and the older portion of the tribe for the sake of plunder, it would seem, killed three on the 27th ult., and afterwards took to the woods.
     Some packers with a train of twenty mules came safely over the mountains lately. They inform us that, according to a report circulated in Illinois Valley about the 5th inst., volunteers had descended on the southern bank of Rogue River, a distance of 60 miles below Vannoy's, and when opposite the encampment of the hostile Indians at the "Big Meadows" commenced the construction of rafts with a view of crossing the river. The Indians opened fire upon them, killing one of their men and wounding six others.
    From January to October, 1855, the number of trips made by steamers was 33; sailing vessels 10. Freight landed, 3,867 tons, and passengers landed, about 3000. The price of freight from San Francisco to Crescent City was, with but little variation, $12 per ton on sailing vessels and $20 on steamers. Passage in the cabin $40, and the steerage $20. The following steamers ran here during the year, a number making only one trip: Columbia, Republic, Fremont, Goliah, Sea Bird, America, City of Norfolk, and schooners Exact, Arno, T. H. Allen, Odd Fellow and J. Pringle.
    We have no news whatever from the seat of war in Rogue River Valley. The troops have been slowly concentrating and preparing for an attack upon the Indians at the "Big Meadows," down on Rogue River. The hostile bands appear to be still gathered in that neighborhood, and we hope the troops will be able to keep them there until they can be killed or starved out. Through the mining districts comparative quiet and security is restored, and if a decisive blow is dealt upon the enemy we may look forward to a speedy revival of business in all its branches. It is to be hoped that the 500 regulars and volunteers may accomplish something in that direction.
Del Norte Record, Crescent City, June 3, 1893, page 1


T. McF. PATTON,
ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW,
AND SOLICITOR IN CHANCERY,
Will practice his profession in the various courts of the 1st Judicial District of Oregon.
    Bonds, mortgages, deeds, agreements, powers of attorney drawn up on the shortest notice.
    Collections promptly attended to throughout the Territory and Northern California.
    OFFICE--IN DREW'S BLOCK, JACKSONVILLE, O.T.
Weekly Oregonian, Portland, December 1, 1855, page 4


    We have received the first number of the Jacksonville paper. It is called the Table Rock Sentinel and is published by Messrs. T'Vault (Col. Wm. G. T'Vault), Taylor and Blakely, the two first named being the editors, we understand. It is published on the Umpqua Gazette materials, and resembles that paper in typographical appearance.
Oregon Statesman, Corvallis, December 8, 1855, page 2



    Jackson County is not represented in the Legislature, and an election had been held to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Dr. Cleaveland.

"From the South," Oregonian, Portland, December 8, 1855, page 2


    Alex. McIntyre, a member of the Oregon Legislature and a native of Leesburg, Va., died at Jacksonville, Oregon, recently.
The Daily Dispatch, Richmond, Virginia, December 18, 1855, page 2


    NEW PAPER.--The Table Rock Sentinel is the name of a new paper published in Jacksonville, Oregon. We are indebted to the Pacific Express for the second number. It is a handsome and well-edited sheet.
Shasta Courier, Shasta, California, December 8, 1855, page 3


JACKSONVILLE, Nov. 24, 1855.
    Friend Adams--Lest you should think from my long silence that I had been slain by the Indians, or some other calamity befallen me, I snatch upon a leisure moment to give you a few items of interest. Jacksonville is improving. It has this evening issued its first number of a weekly paper entitled the Table Rock Sentinel. It is quite a respectable sheet, and will of course be devoted to the mining interests. In this you Walla Wallas can get the war and gold news, without depending upon faithless correspondents. Jacksonville still continues to do business and to prosper, notwithstanding all her surrounding difficulties and the late fire. Before proceeding further, permit me to correct a mistake which I am told some of you valley folks are laboring under. That is, that the present war has been brought about by designing politicians and unprincipled traders, for the purpose of making political capital, and of selling a large amount of goods and surplus provisions to government at exorbitant prices. A great mistake indeed. Our government was never more completely driven into a war than upon the present occasion. We have borne with the Indians, and forbearance ceased to be a virtue. Our miners could not travel from one part of the country to another without being shot down by the wary savages in ambush. Our teamsters and packers, on whom we depended for supplies, were treated in like manner, and defenseless families were inhumanly butchered in their own houses by the Indians. Houses were laid in ruins, whole herds of stock were slain, and our country in many places presents a scene of general devastation. That the white man (as is argued by some) has been the aggressor is not true. If some (not very conscientious) men have killed now and then an Indian, it was but in retaliation for past injuries. These Indians have never been true to their treaties. They never kept a treaty until the blankets which bought it were worn out. But thank Providence, Lane is not here this time, and I think the next treaty that is made with them will be kept always.
    The news from headquarters is not very exciting just now, but is nevertheless full of interest. The Indians are all pressing down Rogue River to a point known as the Big Meadows, where a general fight is anticipated. I learn that a union of the regulars under Capt. Judah has been effected with the southern battalion of Oregon mounted volunteers, and the command given to the aforementioned officer. Capt. Judah is highly esteemed and has the reputation of being a good Indian fighter. The troops are pressing down the river to the Meadows to overtake the Indians. The Indians have had the best of it so far. Our boys got badly used up on Grave Creek some three weeks ago. The Indians have had a decided advantage over our volunteer troops which were drawn up in haste, equipped with such firearms as they could pick up, whilst the Indians who have been preparing for a year are supplied with the best U.S. rifles. There seems to be quiet in our camp now and little political feeling manifested, which was far from being the case a few weeks ago. Our Surgeon Maj. for the southern battalion is Dr. Barkwell, one of the Democratic members-elect from Jackson County to the lower house of the Legislature. How he can legislate at Corvallis and attend to the duties of his office here is more than I can divine. Yet as this is an age of wonders the thing may be done. I am informed that a gentleman from Polk County on a former occasion represented in part his county and held two other offices at the same time. Such being the fact, the Dr. stands a good chance to make it "pan out well." Dr. Greer is hospital surgeon at this place and Dr. Breyman and other assistants in the field. The people seem well satisfied with the course of Gov. Curry, but in regard to the disposition of the troops and the appointments to office, there is no doubt some latent feeling in the bosoms of the disappointed, but no public opposition to his course. Bush's appeal to the people for aid in the matter of those "petitions" met with a weak response here. We look forward with great anxiety to the close of the war.
    People have left their farms, and mining claims, to fight our common foe and the resources of their country being for a time undeveloped, we must expect hard times and dull prospects. For the present adieu.
G-------.
Oregon Argus, Oregon City, December 15, 1855, page 2


    CROPS IN SOUTHERN OREGON.--The Jacksonville Sentinel says that since the rains, plows are moving all over the valley. There is time now, notwithstanding so many men have been drawn off to the wars, to put in a good crop of wheat. The rains are favorable for the mines, so far as the disturbed condition of our Indian relations will admit of their being worked. The increase of water is taking some miners back to their claims in favorable localities, and some are venturing into the more remote gulches where the exposure speaks more for their territory than judgment. Whatever may be the amount of water, the mines cannot be worked safely except in protected places, until the war closes, or the hostile Indians are driven from the country.
Sacramento Daily Union, December 19, 1855, page 2


DIED.
    In Jackson County, O.T., Dec. 7th, from a wound received in a threshing machine, THOMAS LOWE, aged 24 years.
Sacramento Daily Union, December 19, 1855, page 2


For the Oregonian.
The Democracy and the War at the South.
Jacksonville, Dec. 19, 1855.       
    Editor Oregonian--Dear Sir: Through the kindness of a messenger from the department at Roseburg, we have been favored with a perusal of late issues of the Oregonian, Statesman, Argus &c. The action of the troops here, commanded as they have been by a few lickspittles, would afford sufficient material for a communication, without referring in a single instance to the hashed-up mess which is prepared and dished out to the people by the Statesman in the shape of communications from southern Oregon. In each of my former communications I charged Bush-whacker of the Statesman of having published willful and malicious falsehoods respecting our Indian difficulties. I did not, however, expect, at so early a day, to have the declaration from his own mouthpiece that he lied, or published, as he terms it, an "incorrect statements." It will be remembered that sometime in October a certain communication appeared in the Statesman, signed "Sober Sense," containing a tissue of falsehoods from beginning to end. This "Sober Sense" hombre is a no less personage than the celebrated Dr. Andrew Jackson Kane (no connection, by the by, of Dr. Kane of the Arctic expedition), who is somewhat noted for his feats of courage and strength performed in our streets, but of late has retired from the ring, and is now playing second fiddle to those whom he conquered.
    This pliant tool for any purpose whatever was induced by Bush-whacker to prepare a communication--or rather father one already prepared--in unison with Bush-whacker's already expressed sentiments, and those of his correspondents from Rogue River, though properly speaking, from Douglas and Umpqua counties. But upon his return from the Willamette he was called to account for the "deeds done in the body," and, Catholic fashion, made a clean confession, which you have already seen in the Statesman in the shape of a card under his proper signature, attested by witnesses, admitting that he lied. This is one of Bush's "reliable correspondents from Southern Oregon"!
    Another hombre is entitled to a passing notice. This is Dr. Edgar Buckf--t [sic--apparently "buckfart"] Stone, a California emigrant, a fourth-class quack, who for want of business in Crescent City, California, came up here, and offered his services as a "physician and surgeon"--bah! This valiant hero has come out in flaming tones in a communication for the Statesman (the receptacle of filth) under the name of "Edgar," and if I were to make any prediction whatever I would say that he would be called upon in due course of time to take back his statements, and, like his "illustrious predecessor" and "brother chip" in the practice of surgery, Dr. Kane will be glad to comply. If his reputation for medical skill was one-sixteenth part as great as that for lying, he might feel proud, for it certainly would be enviable in this one particular, by those who make pretensions that way. His character for truth and veracity, both at home and abroad, is certainly below par. And I will here take the responsibility of informing both him and his friends (if any he has) that he is a willful and malicious liar, and the truth is not in him--never was--nor never will be; and if he or his friends have any doubts upon this score, I will prove it to their entire satisfaction. If such scavengers as the two quacks above mentioned are classed among Bush's "reliable correspondents," I would ask what position would he assign an honest and truth-stating correspondent?
    In the issue of the Statesman of Nov. 24th, I find two communications purporting to have been written in southern Oregon--one dated at "Headquarters, Six Bit House, Nov. 12th, '55," without any signature, and the other, at Jacksonville, Nov. 10th, signed "Wallace." Neither of these letters were written from the place at which they were dated. Their authors are as base as either of the quacks, and to pen such communications ill becomes them in their elevated positions. The "Six Bit" communication says: "At the time of the outbreak in Rogue River, Col. Ross, Drew and some others of that clique wrote to Curry requesting that Col. Ross be authorized to call out the militia of Jackson County." Now this is a sheer fabrication of his own begetting. Ross, Drew and others of the clique (unless it was of the "unwashed") never forwarded any such communication. To write for authority to call out the militia!--a Colonel, duly elected, commissioned and qualified, to write for authority to call out the militia in cases of Indian outbreaks similar to what we have! It may be the practice in Missouri, but not in Jackson County.
    Again, the author says that "Martin employed Danforth out of courtesy to Gov. Curry." This is, without doubt, a rich specimen of "Paice" politeness. For a subordinate officer to "employ out of courtesy" a surgeon already commissioned by the commander-in-chief of the forces and executive of the Territory is truly a new streak in military practice. The remainder of this communication was full of interesting yarns concerning Major "Bills," attacks on Dr. Henry, and "Bills'" letter to Col. Ross--a strange medley which the author ought to be ashamed of when he sees it in print. Words are inadequate to express the contempt which I entertain for the man who would willfully pervert the truth to further his own and others' base designs. Since Bush-whacker of the Statesman commenced his attacks on Gov. Curry concerning the know-nothing appointments, every nincompoop in the Territory must send in their endorsements "of the early and fearless stand which Bush has taken against them." But "Wallace" embraces an extensive scope in his communication. His imagination is very fertile, and if he would devote more time to studying intricate law points, he would perhaps make it "pan out" better. He says that he is informed "that recent acts on the part of his premiership, Charley Drew, develops some strange and astonishing transactions." Mirabile dictu!! "Strange and astounding transactions! Now what are they? Can you tell me from the tenor of his communication? His aim is to drag Charley Drew before the public gaze, and, as heretofore, to brand him as a villain of the deepest dye. He boldly charges Charley of the immediate agency in bringing about our Indian disturbances solely to get a little office. Listen what he says: "He knew that if he (Charley) could bring about hostilities that Ross was Colonel, and he could be Adjutant. That Charley and others who had figured at the head of a party in this county had lost their grip, and something must be done to save them. Circumstances and the acts of certain hostile bands of Indians on the Klamath and Siskiyou mountains favored their plans, and the idea was conceived that by throwing the fire-brand among the Indians, the entire blame could be saddled on the Democracy." O "Wallace"! thou base and perjured wretch! Depraved and vicious must be the mind that could conceive such thoughts, and utterly reckless and wholly lost to shame or honor must be the man who dare utter them. In no country or land beneath the starry decked heaven, either in a republican, where the stars and stripes are the emblem of freedom, or in a monarchical, where tyranny prevails, can be found a man so debased, depraved, corrupt, reckless and malicious as to charge a fellow being with such crimes as he ("Wallace") has Charley Drew, and all for or through political motives. If this communication should meet the eyes of "Wallace," I would ask him to ponder over his assertion in that communication of his, and then answer me if he has a conscience void of offense toward God and man.
    Time will not warrant me commenting further, for I well know that the people of Oregon do not believe any of his correspondents out here, for they are undoubtedly "bogus" and won't pass.
PHILEMON.           
Oregonian, Portland, March 1, 1856, page 1


    NEWS FROM OREGON BY THE OVERLAND ROUTE.--Through Wines & Co. we yesterday received a copy of the Table Rock Sentinel, published at Jacksonville, Oregon, and brought overland by Rhodes & Whitney's Express.
    The rainy season has set in and miners are doing well.
    Indian depredations continue unabated, and much excitement exists in relation to them. The Sentinel complains that the troops near that place have been compelled to retire for want of provisions, the persons charged with their support having entirely neglected them.
    On the 6th of December the store of Riley & Stone was destroyed by fire at Jacksonville.--State Tribune, Dec. 19.
    AN OREGON POTATO.--A potato raised at Eden, in the southern portion of Oregon Territory, has been shown to the editor of the Table Rock Sentinel, who says that it measures twenty-even and one-fourth inches in circumference.
"Interior Items," San Francisco Bulletin, December 20, 1855, page 2



    
JACKSONVILLE, O.T.--Jacksonville was located by miners and traders in the month of February, 1852, and contains a population of about 800 souls--about one-tenth of the population of Jackson County--eight dry goods and grocery stores, three blacksmith shops, two livery stables, one hotel and several boarding houses, one brewery, one stove and tin shop, one boot and shoe store, one millinery shop, two bakeries, one market house, two cabinet shops, two or three drug stores, billiard saloon, one tobacco and cigar store, practicing physicians, four lawyers.
    J. A. Brunner & Bro. and Maury & Davis have each built large and extensive fireproof brick stores and have them well filled with a good assortment of goods suitable for the consumption of the country.
    The Territorial University is located at Jacksonville.--Table Rock Sentinel.
Crescent City Herald, December 26, 1855, page 2




Last revised February 25, 2024